scholarly journals Transcriptional network of the industrial hybrid Saccharomyces pastorianus reveals temperature-dependent allele expression bias and preferential orthologous protein assemblies

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Soukaina Timouma ◽  
Laura Natalia Balarezo-Cisneros ◽  
Javier Pinto Aguirre ◽  
Roberto De la Cerda ◽  
Ursula M Bond ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Protein Complexes ◽  
Temperature Response ◽  
Protein Isoforms ◽  
Temperature Dependent ◽  
Transcriptional Signature ◽  
Parental Allele ◽  
Saccharomyces Pastorianus ◽  
Transcriptional Pattern ◽  
Cold Tolerant ◽  
Hybrid Genes

Saccharomyces pastorianus is an industrial natural yeast evolved from different hybridisation events between the mesophilic S. cerevisiae and the cold-tolerant S. eubayanus. This complex aneuploid hybrid carries multiple copies of the parental alleles alongside specific hybrid genes and encodes for multiple protein isoforms which impart novel phenotypes, such as the strong ability to ferment at low temperature. These characteristics lead to agonistic or antagonistic competition for substrates and a plethora of biochemical activities, resulting in a unique cellular metabolism. Here, we investigated the transcriptional signature of the different orthologous alleles in S. pastorianus during temperature shifts. We identified temperature-dependent media-independent genes and showed that 35% have their regulation dependent on extracellular leucine uptake, suggesting an interplay between leucine metabolism and temperature response. The analysis of the expression of ortholog parental alleles unveiled that the majority of the genes express preferentially one parental allele over the other, and that S. eubayanus-like alleles are significantly over-represented among the genes involved in cold acclimatisation. The presence of functionally redundant parental alleles may impact on the nature of protein complexes established in the hybrid, where both parental alleles are competing. Our expression data indicate that the majority of the protein complexes established in the hybrid are likely to be either exclusively chimeric or uni-specific, and that the redundancy is discouraged, a scenario which fits well with the stoichiometric balance-hypothesis. This study offers a first overview of the transcriptional pattern of S. pastorianus and provide a rationalisation for its unique industrial traits at expression level.

Chemotactic and temperature-dependent responses of the Strongyloidoidea superfamily of nematodes

Parasitology ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Alex Dulovic ◽  
Mat Norman ◽  
Dorothee Harbecke ◽  
Adrian Streit
Keyword(s):  
Complex Mixture ◽  
Temperature Response ◽  
Parasitic Nematodes ◽  
Temperature Dependent ◽  
Direct Stimulation ◽  
Multiple Cues ◽  
Infective Larvae ◽  
Olfactory Sensation ◽  
Host Seeking ◽  
Infection Mode

Abstract Host-seeking behaviour and how a parasite identifies the correct host to infect remains a poorly understood area of parasitology. What is currently known is that host sensation and seeking behaviour is formed from a complex mixture of chemo-, thermo- and mechanosensory behaviours, of which chemosensation is the best studied. Previous studies of olfaction in parasitic nematodes suggested that this behaviour appears to be more closely related to target host and infection mode than phylogeny. However, there has not yet been a study comparing the chemotactic and temperature-dependent behaviours of very closely related parasitic and non-parasitic nematodes. To this end, we examined the temperature-dependent and chemotactic responses of the Strongyloidoidea superfamily of nematodes. We found differences in temperature response between the different species and within infective larvae. Chemotactic responses were highly divergent, with different attraction profiles between all species studied. When examining direct stimulation with fur, we found that it was insufficient to cause an attractive response. Overall, our results support the notion that olfactory sensation is more closely related to lifestyle and host range than phylogeny, and that multiple cues are required to initiate host-seeking behaviour.

scholarly journals Comparative transcriptome analysis of the cold resistance of the sterile rice line 33S

PLoS ONE ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. e0261822
Author(s):  
Hongjun Xie ◽  
Mingdong Zhu ◽  
Yaying Yu ◽  
Xiaoshan Zeng ◽  
Guohua Tang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Low Temperature ◽  
Cold Resistance ◽  
Temperature Response ◽  
Enrichment Analysis ◽  
Abiotic Factor ◽  
Comparative Transcriptome ◽  
Important Species ◽  
Expression Of Genes ◽  
Nutrient Reserve ◽  
Cold Tolerant

Rice (Oryza sativa L.) is one of the most important species for food production worldwide. Low temperature is a major abiotic factor that affects rice germination and reproduction. Here, the underlying regulatory mechanism in seedlings of a TGMS variety (33S) and a cold-sensitive variety (Nipponbare) was investigated by comparative transcriptome. There were 795 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) identified only in cold-treated 33S, suggesting that 33S had a unique cold-resistance system. Functional and enrichment analysis of these DEGs revealed that, in 33S, several metabolic pathways, such as photosynthesis, amino acid metabolism, secondary metabolite biosynthesis, were significantly repressed. Moreover, pathways related to growth and development, including starch and sucrose metabolism, and DNA biosynthesis and damage response/repair, were significantly enhanced. The expression of genes related to nutrient reserve activity were significantly up-regulated in 33S. Finally, three NAC and several ERF transcription factors were predicted to be important in this transcriptional reprogramming. This present work provides valuable information for future investigations of low-temperature response mechanisms and genetic improvement of cold-tolerant rice seedlings.

scholarly journals Quality or decomposer efficiency – which is most important in the temperature response of litter decomposition? A modelling study using the GLUE methodology

2011 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 477-487 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Å. M. Wetterstedt ◽  
G. I. Ågren
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Soil Organic Matter ◽  
Litter Quality ◽  
Incubation Temperature ◽  
Temperature Response ◽  
Temperature History ◽  
Temperature Dependent ◽  
Substrate Quality ◽  
Needle Litter ◽  
Q Model

Abstract. We still lack full mechanistic understanding of how the temperature history affects the future decomposition rate of litter and soil organic matter. To explore that, we used the GLUE modelling framework together with the Q-model and data from a needle litter incubation experiment to compare a differential temperature response of litter qualities to a temperature-dependent decomposer efficiency. The needle litter incubation was a full factorial design with the initial and final temperatures 5, 15 and 25 °C. Samples were moved from the initial to the final temperature when approximately 12% of the initial carbon had been respired and the experiment terminated when an additional 12% had been lost. We used four variations of the Q-model; the litter was described as having one or two initial quality values and the decomposer efficiency was either fixed or allowed to vary with temperature. All variations were calibrated with good fits to the data subsets with equal initial and final temperatures. Evaluation against temperature shift subsets also showed good results, except just after the change in temperature where all variations predicted a smaller response than observed. The effects of having one or two initial litter quality values (fixed decomposer efficiency) on end-of-experiment litter quality and respiration were marginal. Letting decomposer efficiency vary with temperature resulted in a decrease in efficiency between 5 and 15 °C but no change between 15 and 25 °C and in substantial differences in litter quality at the end of the initial incubation in response to incubation temperature. The temperature response of decomposition through temperature dependent decomposer efficiency proved, therefore, to be more important than the differential response to different substrate qualities. These results suggests that it may be important to consider other factors (e.g. microbial efficiency, changing substrate composition) than the temperature sensitivity coupled to substrate quality when evaluating effects of temperature changes on soil organic matter stability.

scholarly journals Basal tolerance to heat and cold exposure of the spotted wing drosophila, Drosophila suzukii

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas Enriquez ◽  
Hercé Colinet
Keyword(s):  
Relative Humidity ◽  
High Temperatures ◽  
Thermal Tolerance ◽  
Abiotic Factors ◽  
Methodological Approach ◽  
Spotted Wing Drosophila ◽  
Basic Knowledge ◽  
Drosophila Suzukii ◽  
Temperature Dependent ◽  
Cold Tolerant

The spotted wing Drosophila, Drosophila suzukii, is a new pest in Europe and America which causes severe damages to stone fruits crops. Temperature and humidity are among the most important abiotic factors governing insect life. In many situations, temperature can become stressful thus compromising fitness and survival. The ability to cope with thermal stress depends on basal level of thermal tolerance. Basic knowledge on temperature-dependent mortality of D. suzukii is essential to facilitate management of this pest. The objective of the present study was to investigate D. suzukii basal cold and heat tolerance. Adults and pupae were submitted to six low (-5 to 7.5 °C) and seven high temperatures (30 to 37 °C) for various durations, and survival-time-temperature relationships were investigated. In addition, pupal thermal tolerance was analyzed under low vs. high relative humidity. Our results showed that males had higher cold survival than females, and pupae appeared less cold-tolerant than adults. Above 5 °C, adult cold mortality became minor, even after prolonged exposures (i.e. one month). Males were less heat tolerant than females, and pupae showed a better survival to extreme high temperatures than adults. Low relative humidity did not affect D. suzukii cold survival, but reduced survival under heat stress. Overall, this study shows that survival of D. suzukii under heat and cold conditions depends on both stress intensity and duration, and the methodological approach used here, which was based on thermal tolerance landscapes, provides a comprehensive description of D. suzukii thermal tolerance and limits.

A conditional rescue system reveals essential functions for the ecdysone receptor (EcR) gene during molting and metamorphosis in Drosophila

Development ◽  
2000 ◽  
Vol 127 (13) ◽  
pp. 2897-2905 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Li ◽  
M. Bender
Keyword(s):  
Developmental Stages ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Steroid Hormone ◽  
Protein Isoforms ◽  
Ecdysone Receptor ◽  
Temperature Dependent ◽  
Receptor Proteins ◽  
Rescue System ◽  
Larval Molt ◽  
Ecdysone Signaling

In Drosophila, pulses of the steroid hormone ecdysone trigger larval molting and metamorphosis and coordinate aspects of embryonic development and adult reproduction. At each of these developmental stages, the ecdysone signal is thought to act through a heteromeric receptor composed of the EcR and USP nuclear receptor proteins. Mutations that inactivate all EcR protein isoforms (EcR-A, EcR-B1, and EcR-B2) are embryonic lethal, hindering analysis of EcR function during later development. Using transgenes in which a heat shock promoter drives expression of an EcR cDNA, we have employed temperature-dependent rescue of EcR null mutants to determine EcR requirements at later stages of development. Our results show that EcR is required for hatching, at each larval molt, and for the initiation of metamorphosis. In EcR mutants arrested prior to metamorphosis, expression of ecdysone-responsive genes is blocked and normal ecdysone responses of both imaginal and larval tissues are blocked at an early stage. These results show that EcR mediates ecdysone signaling at multiple developmental stages and implicate EcR in the reorganization of imaginal and larval tissues at the onset of metamorphosis.

Cellular location and temperature-dependent assembly of IncHI1 plasmid R27-encoded TrhC-associated conjugative transfer protein complexes

2008 ◽  
Vol 42 (3) ◽  
pp. 705-715 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew W. Gilmour ◽  
Trevor D. Lawley ◽  
Michelle M. Rooker ◽  
Peter J. Newnham ◽  
Diane E. Taylor
Keyword(s):  
Protein Complexes ◽  
Conjugative Transfer ◽  
Temperature Dependent ◽  
Cellular Location ◽  
Transfer Protein

scholarly journals Temperature response of soil respiration is dependent on concentration of readily decomposable C

2007 ◽  
Vol 4 (6) ◽  
pp. 1073-1081 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. A. Larionova ◽  
I. V. Yevdokimov ◽  
S. S. Bykhovets
Keyword(s):  
Soil Respiration ◽  
Temperature Sensitivity ◽  
Temperature Response ◽  
Maximal Activity ◽  
Temperature Acclimation ◽  
Co2 Efflux ◽  
Arable Soils ◽  
Temperature Dependent ◽  
Respiratory Enzymes ◽  
Half Saturation Constant

Abstract. Temperature acclimation of soil organic matter (SOM) decomposition is one of the major uncertainties in predicting soil CO2 efflux associated with the increase in global mean temperature. A reasonable explanation for an apparent acclimation proposed by Davidson and colleagues (2006) based on Michaelis-Menten kinetics suggests that temperature sensitivity decreases when both maximal activity of respiratory enzymes (Vmax) and half-saturation constant (Ks) cancel each other upon temperature increase. We tested the hypothesis of the canceling effect by the mathematical simulation of data obtained in incubation experiments with forest and arable soils. Our data support the hypothesis and suggest that concentration of readily decomposable C substrate (as glucose equivalents) and temperature dependent substrate release are the important factors controlling temperature sensitivity of soil respiration. The highest temperature sensitivity of soil respiration was observed when substrate release was temperature dependent and C substrate concentration was much lower than Ks. Increase of substrate content to the half-saturation constant by glucose addition resulted in temperature acclimation associated with the canceling effect. Addition of the substrate to the level providing respiration at a maximal rate Vmax leads to the acclimation of the whole microbial community as such. However, growing microbial biomass was more sensitive to the temperature alterations. This study improves our understanding of the instability of temperature sensitivity of soil respiration under field conditions, attributing this phenomenon to changes in concentration of readily decomposable C substrate.

scholarly journals Basal tolerance to heat and cold exposure of the spotted wing drosophila, Drosophila suzukii

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas Enriquez ◽  
Hercé Colinet
Keyword(s):  
Relative Humidity ◽  
High Temperatures ◽  
Thermal Tolerance ◽  
Abiotic Factors ◽  
Methodological Approach ◽  
Spotted Wing Drosophila ◽  
Basic Knowledge ◽  
Drosophila Suzukii ◽  
Temperature Dependent ◽  
Cold Tolerant

The spotted wing Drosophila, Drosophila suzukii, is a new pest in Europe and America which causes severe damages to stone fruits crops. Temperature and humidity are among the most important abiotic factors governing insect life. In many situations, temperature can become stressful thus compromising fitness and survival. The ability to cope with thermal stress depends on basal level of thermal tolerance. Basic knowledge on temperature-dependent mortality of D. suzukii is essential to facilitate management of this pest. The objective of the present study was to investigate D. suzukii basal cold and heat tolerance. Adults and pupae were submitted to six low (-5 to 7.5 °C) and seven high temperatures (30 to 37 °C) for various durations, and survival-time-temperature relationships were investigated. In addition, pupal thermal tolerance was analyzed under low vs. high relative humidity. Our results showed that males had higher cold survival than females, and pupae appeared less cold-tolerant than adults. Above 5 °C, adult cold mortality became minor, even after prolonged exposures (i.e. one month). Males were less heat tolerant than females, and pupae showed a better survival to extreme high temperatures than adults. Low relative humidity did not affect D. suzukii cold survival, but reduced survival under heat stress. Overall, this study shows that survival of D. suzukii under heat and cold conditions depends on both stress intensity and duration, and the methodological approach used here, which was based on thermal tolerance landscapes, provides a comprehensive description of D. suzukii thermal tolerance and limits.

scholarly journals Proteomics: The protein complement of the genome

2003 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 7-9
Author(s):  
Hannes Ponstingl ◽  
Janet M. Thornton
Keyword(s):  
Messenger Rna ◽  
Protein Separation ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Protein Complexes ◽  
Protein Isoforms ◽  
Structural Proteomics ◽  
Protein Markers ◽  
Proteomics Data ◽  
Single Experiment ◽  
Large Sets

Recent advances in protein separation technology and mass spectrometry (MS) have enabled the systematic identification and quantification of large sets of proteins from an organelle, cell type or organism. In principle, protein isoforms, enzymically modified variants and protein complexes can be studied, for instance, at a certain stage in development or in response to stress or more subtle changes of the environment. An important pre-clinical application is the search for protein markers in body fluids for diagnostic purposes. Such proteomics studies can be performed increasingly at high-throughput rates that are reminiscent of those of genomic sequencing or the monitoring of messenger RNA levels. Thus, large sets of proteins can be monitored simultaneously in a single experiment. Proteomics data will increasingly be followed up by investigations of the three-dimensional structures of proteins and protein complexes at atomic detail in large-scale structural proteomics projects. We attempt in this article to give a flavour of what to us seem important experimental developments and to point to links with bioinformatics resources where appropriate.

scholarly journals Use of Comparative Transcriptomic Analysis of Different Potato Varieties to Elucidate the Molecular Mechanism Underlying Differences in Cold Resistance

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Huiju Yang ◽  
Mingwei Chen ◽  
Can Kou ◽  
Huachun Guo
Keyword(s):  
Signal Transduction ◽  
Low Temperature ◽  
Plant Hormone ◽  
Cold Resistance ◽  
Expression Patterns ◽  
Temperature Response ◽  
Crop Productivity ◽  
Transcriptomic Analysis ◽  
Tolerant Variety ◽  
Cold Tolerant

Abstract Background Among the various abiotic stresses, cold is an essential factor that limits crop productivity worldwide. Low temperature affects the growth, development and distribution of agronomic species around the world. To improve the understanding of the physiological and genetic properties and functions affecting potato cold tolerance, in this study, transcriptomic analysis was performed on two potato strains (HZ88 and LS6) with different cold tolerances that were treated at low temperature for 0, 1, 3, and 6 hours. Results Transcriptomic analysis showed that there were large differences between HZ88 and LS6 regarding the expression levels of low-temperature response genes. Notably, HZ88 responds to low-temperature stress, its low-temperature response genes are primarily enriched in plant hormone signal transduction; cutin, suberine and wax biosynthesis; and photosynthesis-antenna proteins. Conversely, the most significant low-temperature response genes of the LS6 strain were determined to be enriched in plant-pathogen interactions, zeatin biosynthesis, and plant hormone signal transduction. The cuticle, composed of a horny waxy layer, is an important protective barrier formed by plants to resist biotic/abiotic stress during the long-term ecological adaptation process, and the HZ88 strain may strengthen its cold resistance by enhancing this physical defence measure. In the LS6 strain, potatoes tend to cope with cold stress by strengthening their immune system and regulating hormone signal transduction. In addition, hormone pathway-related genes (such as ABA), ICE-CBF signalling pathway-related genes, and genes encoding TFs all exhibited different expression patterns between HZ88 and LS6. Conclusions To the best of our knowledge, this study is the first to elucidate the genetic mechanisms underlying the difference in cold resistance between the strongly cold-tolerant variety LS6 and the weakly cold-tolerant variety HZ88, thereby establishing a foundation for further analysis and genetic breeding.

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