scholarly journals Effective Ultrasonic Stimulation in Human Peripheral Nervous System

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas Riis ◽  
Jan Kubanek
Keyword(s):  
Nervous System ◽  
Peripheral Nervous System ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Controlled Study ◽  
Excitable Cells ◽  
Low Frequencies ◽  
Ultrasound Frequency ◽  
Nociceptive Responses ◽  
Ultrasonic Stimulation ◽  
Stimulation Of

AbstractObjectiveLow-intensity ultrasound can stimulate excitable cells in a noninvasive and targeted manner, but which parameters are effective has remained elusive. This question has been difficult to answer because differences in transducers and parameters—frequency in particular—lead to profound differences in the stimulated tissue volumes. The objective of this study is to control for these differences and evaluate which ultrasound parameters are effective in stimulating excitable cells.MethodsHere, we stimulated the human peripheral nervous system using a single transducer operating in a range of frequencies, and matched the stimulated volumes with an acoustic aperture.ResultsWe found that low frequencies (300 kHz) are substantially more effective in generating tactile and nociceptive responses in humans compared to high frequencies (900 kHz). The strong effect of ultrasound frequency was observed for all pressures tested, for continuous and pulsed stimuli, and for tactile and nociceptive responses.ConclusionThis prominent effect may be explained by a mechanical force associated with ultrasound. The effect is not due to heating, which would be weaker at the low frequency.SignificanceThis controlled study reveals that ultrasonic stimulation of excitable cells is stronger at lower frequencies, which guides the choice of transducer hardware for effective ultrasonic stimulation of the peripheral nervous system in humans.

Stimulation of the Extraspinal Peripheral Nervous System

2016 ◽  
pp. 171-183 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. Porter McRoberts ◽  
Timothy R. Deer ◽  
David Abejón ◽  
Giancarlo Barolat
Keyword(s):  
Nervous System ◽  
Peripheral Nervous System ◽  
Stimulation Of

scholarly journals Circuit-specific sonogenetic stimulation of the deep brain elicits distinct signaling and behaviors in freely moving mice

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Quanxiang Xian ◽  
Zhihai Qiu ◽  
Shashwati Kala ◽  
Kin Fung Wong ◽  
Suresh Murugappan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Low Frequency ◽  
Dorsal Striatum ◽  
Neural Pathways ◽  
Spatiotemporal Resolution ◽  
Trigger Activity ◽  
Freely Moving ◽  
Subcortical Regions ◽  
Ultrasonic Stimulation ◽  
Deep Brain ◽  
Stimulation Of

Sonogenetics uses heterologously-expressed proteins to sensitize neurons to ultrasound, enabling selective, non-invasive, and deep brain stimulation. However, its ability to modulate specific circuits or induce behavioral changes remains to be studied and characterized. Here, we demonstrate that sonogenetics enables efficient activation of well-defined neural circuits by transcranial low-intensity, low-frequency ultrasonic stimulation with high spatiotemporal resolution. Targeted neurons in subcortical regions were made to express a mechanosensitive ion channel (MscL-G22S). Ultrasound could trigger activity in MscL-expressing neurons in the dorsal striatum without increased activation in neighboring regions, and increase locomotion in freely-moving mice. Ultrasound stimulation of MscL-expressing neurons in the ventral tegmental area could activate the mesolimbic pathway to trigger dopamine release in the nucleus accumbens and modulate appetitive conditioning. In MscL-expressing cells, neuronal responses to ultrasound pulses were rapid, reversible and repeatable. Altogether, we show that sonogenetics can selectively manipulate targeted cells to activate defined neural pathways and affect behaviors.

scholarly journals The effects of myomodulin and structurally related neuropeptides on skeletal neuromuscular transmission in the locust.

1994 ◽  
Vol 190 (1) ◽  
pp. 253-264 ◽  
Author(s):  
P D Evans
Keyword(s):  
Nervous System ◽  
Relaxation Rate ◽  
Neuromuscular Transmission ◽  
Contraction Rate ◽  
Low Frequencies ◽  
Consistent Effect ◽  
Frequency Of Stimulation ◽  
Stimulation Of

1. The modulatory actions of myomodulin A on tension generated in the extensortibiae muscle of the locust hindleg by stimulation of the slow excitatory motoneurone (SETi) depend upon the frequency of stimulation. Myomodulin A has no consistent effect on the tension induced by the fast extensor motoneurone (FETi) or upon the myogenic rhythm present in the extensor. The effects of a range of structurally related neuropeptides have also been assessed. 2. At low frequencies of SETi stimulation (1 Hz and below), the predominant modulatory effects are increases in the amplitude, contraction rate and relaxation rate of twitch tension. At higher frequencies, where twitches summate but tetanus is incomplete (up to 20 Hz), these effects are superimposed upon an increase of maintained tension. 3. The modulatory actions of myomodulin-like peptides show some similarities to and some differences from the modulatory actions of octopamine, proctolin and FMRFamide-like neuropeptides in this preparation, but are likely to be mediated via a distinct set of receptors. 4. The results of the present study, taken together with the localization of myomodulin-like immunoreactivity in specific sets of neurones in the locust nervous system, suggest the presence of a novel modulatory system in insects that uses myomodulin-like neuropeptides. It also indicates that myomodulins, which were first identified in molluscs, may represent another interphyletic family of neuropeptides.

scholarly journals A review of the bioelectronic implications of stimulation of the peripheral nervous system for chronic pain conditions

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Timothy R. Deer ◽  
Ramana Naidu ◽  
Natalie Strand ◽  
Dawn Sparks ◽  
Alaa Abd-Elsayed ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Pain ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Peripheral Nervous System ◽  
Chronic Pain Conditions ◽  
Stimulation Of

scholarly journals The Expression of Chemokines Is Downregulated in a Pre-Clinical Model of TTR V30M Amyloidosis

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
João Moreira ◽  
Susete Costelha ◽  
Margarida Saraiva ◽  
Maria João Saraiva
Keyword(s):  
Nervous System ◽  
Peripheral Nervous System ◽  
Neurodegenerative Disorder ◽  
Toll Like Receptor ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Toll Like Receptor 4 ◽  
Transthyretin Amyloidosis ◽  
Clinical Model ◽  
Shed Light ◽  
Stimulation Of

Inflammation is a hallmark of several neurodegenerative disorders including hereditary amyloidogenic transthyretin amyloidosis (ATTRv). ATTRv is an autosomal dominant neurodegenerative disorder with extracellular deposition of mutant transthyretin (TTR) aggregates and fibrils, particularly in nerves and ganglia of the peripheral nervous system. Nerve biopsies from ATTRv patients show increased cytokine production, but interestingly no immune inflammatory cellular infiltrate is observed around TTR aggregates. Here we show that as compared to Wild Type (WT) animals, the expression of several chemokines is highly downregulated in the peripheral nervous system of a mouse model of the disease. Interestingly, we found that stimulation of mouse Schwann cells (SCs) with WT TTR results in the secretion of several chemokines, a process that is mediated by toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4). In contrast, the secretion of all tested chemokines is compromised upon stimulation of SCs with mutant TTR (V30M), suggesting that V30M TTR fails to activate TLR4 signaling. Altogether, our data shed light into a previously unappreciated mechanism linking TTR activation of SCs and possibly underlying the lack of inflammatory response observed in the peripheral nervous system of ATTRv patients.

scholarly journals A Movement Generated in the Peripheral Nervous System: Rhythmic Flexion by Autotomized Legs of the Stick Insect Cuniculina Impigra

1984 ◽  
Vol 111 (1) ◽  
pp. 191-199
Author(s):  
U. BÄSSLER
Keyword(s):  
Nervous System ◽  
Electrical Stimulation ◽  
Peripheral Nervous System ◽  
Related Species ◽  
Action Potentials ◽  
Small Diameter ◽  
Stick Insect ◽  
Muscle Twitch ◽  
Single Motor ◽  
Stimulation Of

Autotomized legs of the stick insect Cuniculina impigra bend rapidly and rhythmically at the femur-tibia joint. These flexions occur at a frequency 1–6 Hz immediately after autotomy and decrease in frequency and amplitude with time. Each flexion is produced by a burst of 1–14 action potentials in a single motor axon of the flexor tibiae muscle (bursting axon). These rhythmic discharges are generated in a very restricted part of the crural nerve, which contains the bursting axon, close to the autotomy point and appear whenever the nerve is cut in the immediate vicinity of this generator region. Rhythmic flexion can also be elicited by electrical stimulation of the crural nerve. The bursting axon is of small diameter. It innervates all or most of flexor tibiae muscle in which it produces relatively large EPSPs. Each EPSP elicits one muscle twitch. These fuse into a brief tetanus, whose amplitude is proportional to the number of spikes in a burst. Each tetanus produces one flexion. This behaviour does not occur in the autotomized legs of several related species.

The Role of Peripheral Nervous System in Colour Changes of Bufo Arenarum Hensel

1954 ◽  
Vol 31 (4) ◽  
pp. 631-638
Author(s):  
A. O. M. STOPPANI ◽  
P. F. PIERONI ◽  
A. J. MURRAY
Keyword(s):  
Nervous System ◽  
Peripheral Nervous System ◽  
Peripheral Nerves ◽  
Secondary Role ◽  
Bufo Arenarum ◽  
Colour Changes ◽  
Stimulation Of

1. Stimulation of the peripheral nerves of Bufo arenarum Hensel produces a partial paling of the skin due to concentration of pigment in the intracutaneous melanophores, and dispersion of guanin-granules in the guanophores. This effect is attributed to the liberation in situ of an adrenergic-like substance. Noradrenalin and the cutaneous secretion (which contains adrenalin and active bases) play no part in the blanching of the skin. 2. The nervous system plays a secondary role in the paling of the skin which follows hypophysectomy. 3. There is no evidence that stimulation of the peripherai nervous system is essential for the colour changes of B. arenarum.

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