Effect of ultrasonic exposure on the sowing quality of seeds

The research aims to study the process of stimulation and the selecting of optimal modes of seed treatment with ultrasonic exposure. Increasing the yield of grain crops will provide the population with high-quality agricultural products and providing livestock breeding with a full-fledged feed base. Previous studies related to the pre-sowing stimulation of barley seeds with ultrasonic exposure to improve the sowing quality made it possible to assert an increase in the increase in seed weight by 10 to 12%. The optimal modes of their processing were the ultrasound frequency f =48 kHz, the oscillations intensity S=42 W/cm², and the exposure time t=480 sec. Ultrasonic vibrations change the Physico-chemical properties of seeds, the permeability of the cell membranes significantly increases, leading to accelerated swelling of the seeds, breathing intensifies, the metabolic process is activated; some enzymatic processes are activated while simultaneously inhibiting other enzyme systems and the sowing qualities of seeds change.

Intensification of lamb salting process with low frequency ultrasound

Young lamb has high nutritional properties due to its high protein, amino acids, vitamins and microelements content. However, the specific odor and the high fat pour point are the main obstacles to the industrial use of lamb. The purpose of our research was to study the physical and chemical characteristics of raw lamb after ultrasonic salting and to select the optimal processing conditions and their economic justification. Experimental samples were salted in the devices UOM - 2 and PSB - Gals at 35 kHz ultrasound frequency, as well as using an ultrasonic submersible emitter at 26 kHz. Ultrasonic treatment has led to an increase in the pH and moisture content of the raw material, as well as in product yield. With an increase in the salting time, the water activity (Aw) decreased. Based on the results of physicochemical samples studies and comparative analysis of the economic efficiency, a submersible ultrasonic emitter with an ultrasonic frequency of 26 kHz and a salting duration of 12 hours was recommended for lamb delicacies salting.

EXPRESS: Sonoluminescence Spectroscopy Application to Analysis of Industrially Used Highly Concentrated Aqueous Solutions of Alkali Metal Chlorides

The use of the sonoluminescence spectroscopy for the determination of main components in concentrated aqueous solution of alkali metal halides is examined. In concentrated RCl-solutions (R=Li, Na, K; C=100–600 g•dm–3) the sonoluminescence intensity is inversely proportional to ultrasound frequency in the range from 2 МHz up to 5 МHz. In the CsCl case the inverse proportionality is disturbed at ultrasound frequencies higher than 3 MHz. This is the limiting value for the accurate analysis of the concentrated solutions of cesium chloride. The increase of initiating ultrasound frequency leads to the decreasing of sensibility of the main component determination in highly concentrated (more than 300 g∙dm–3) natural and technological solutions. Nevertheless, the metrological characteristics of the results of the main substance determination in these solutions improve. The routines of express determination of the main substance in concentrated saline solutions were developed.

USE OF ULTRASOUND FOR EXTRACTION OF BIOLOGICALLY ACTIVE SUBSTANCES FROM TAMARIX HISPI-DA WILLD.

The extractions of biologically active substances from aerial part of Tamarix hispida Willd. over ultrasound have been studied. The results showed that the output of extractive substances using ultrasound was increased to 37.34% under the following conditions: 10% ethyl alcohol in a raw-extractant ratio (1 : 6) for 25 minutes at a 20–25 °С temperature and an ultrasound frequency of 35 kHz. The extraction was compared with maceration by yield and chemical composition. As a result of optimization, the output of components from the raw material is increased by 3–4 times at ultrasound frequency from 20 to 35 kHz and extraction time is significantly reduced from 48 hours to 30 minutes. It was found that the major substances were hydrolyzable tannins, the content of which are 10% (ultrasonic extraction) and 8% (maceration), respectively. Using UV-spectrometry, it was confirmed that the appearance of a characteristic maximum in the spectrum of the substance to be analyzed corresponds to the area of absorption of gallic acid and its derivatives, which indicates the content of these in the structure of hydrolyzable tannins. The substance shown significant antidiabetic activity (in vitro) at IC 50 = 3.94±0.14 μg/ml.

Determine the Frequency of Endometrial Hyperplasia in Female with Abnormal Vaginal Bleeding

Objective: To determine the frequency of endometrial hyperplasia in female with abnormal vaginal bleeding. Study Design: Cross-sectional Place and Duration of Study: Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, Allama Iqbal Memorial Teaching Hospital, Sialkot from 1st January 2021 to 31st March 2021. Methodology: One hundred and ten females with abnormal bleeding were presented in this study. Patients were aged between 40-65 years. Demographically details of age, weight, body mass index and socio economic status were recorded after taking written consent. Complete patients were undergone for transvaginal ultrasound. Frequency of endometrial hyperplasia was recorded. Results: Mean age of the females was 47.16±7.53 years with mean BMI 26.17±8.44 kg/m2. Mean weight of the patients were 59.16±17.66 kg. Most of the patients 65 (59.09%) were from urban area and majority of the patients 70 (63.64%) were illiterate. Sixty (54.5%) cases were from low socio-economic status and 50 (45.5%) had high socio-economic status. Endometrial hyperplasia was found in 25 (22.73%) patients, in which 18 (72%) had cystic hyperplasia, adenomatous hyperplasia found in 4 (16%) and 3 (12%) had atypical hyperplasia. Among 25 cases of hyperplasia, menorrhagia found in 15 (60%), polymenorrhea found in 8 (32%) and polymenorrhagia in 2 (8%). Medical treatment were given to 20 (80%) cases and surgical treatment were given to 5 (20%). Conclusion: The prevalence of endometrial hyperplasia was 22.73% among women with abnormal bleeding. It can be cure by early diagnosis and treatment. Keywords: Transvaginal ultrasound (TVS), Endometrial hyperplasia, Abnormal vaginal bleeding, Menorrhagia

Effective Ultrasonic Stimulation in Human Peripheral Nervous System

ObjectiveLow-intensity ultrasound can stimulate excitable cells in a noninvasive and targeted manner, but which parameters are effective has remained elusive. This question has been difficult to answer because differences in transducers and parameters—frequency in particular—lead to profound differences in the stimulated tissue volumes. The objective of this study is to control for these differences and evaluate which ultrasound parameters are effective in stimulating excitable cells.MethodsHere, we stimulated the human peripheral nervous system using a single transducer operating in a range of frequencies, and matched the stimulated volumes with an acoustic aperture.ResultsWe found that low frequencies (300 kHz) are substantially more effective in generating tactile and nociceptive responses in humans compared to high frequencies (900 kHz). The strong effect of ultrasound frequency was observed for all pressures tested, for continuous and pulsed stimuli, and for tactile and nociceptive responses.ConclusionThis prominent effect may be explained by a mechanical force associated with ultrasound. The effect is not due to heating, which would be weaker at the low frequency.SignificanceThis controlled study reveals that ultrasonic stimulation of excitable cells is stronger at lower frequencies, which guides the choice of transducer hardware for effective ultrasonic stimulation of the peripheral nervous system in humans.