scholarly journals The comparison of vaccine hesitancy of COVID-19 vaccination in China and the United States

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Taoran Liu ◽  
Zonglin He ◽  
Jian Huang ◽  
Ni Yan ◽  
Qian Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Propensity Score ◽  
Propensity Score Matching ◽  
Discrete Choice ◽  
Choice Experiments ◽  
The United States ◽  
Discrete Choice Experiments ◽  
Vaccine Hesitancy ◽  
The Us ◽  
The Cost

AbstractObjectivesTo investigate the differences in vaccine hesitancy and preference of the currently available COVID-19 vaccines between two countries, viz. China and the United States (US).MethodA cross-national survey was conducted in both China and the US, and discrete choice experiments as well as Likert scales were utilized to assess vaccine preference and the underlying factors contributing to the vaccination acceptance. A propensity score matching (PSM) was performed to enable a direct comparison between the two countries.ResultsA total of 9,077 (5,375 and 3,702, respectively, from China and the US) respondents have completed the survey. After propensity score matching, over 82.0% respondents from China positively accept the COVID-19 vaccination, while 72.2% respondents form the US positively accept it. Specifically, only 31.9% of Chinese respondents were recommended by a doctor to have COVID-19 vaccination, while more than half of the US respondents were recommended by a doctor (50.2%), local health board (59.4%), or friends and families (64.8%). The discrete choice experiments revealed that respondents from the US attached the greatest importance to the efficacy of COVID-19 vaccines (44.41%), followed by the cost of vaccination (29.57%), whereas those from China held a different viewpoint that the cost of vaccination covers the largest proportion in their trade-off (30.66%), and efficacy ranked as the second most important attribute (26.34%). Also, respondents from China tend to concerned much more about the adverse effect of vaccination (19.68% vs 6.12%) and have lower perceived severity of being infected with COVID-19.ConclusionWhile the overall acceptance and hesitancy of COVID-19 vaccination in both countries are high, underpinned distinctions between countries are observed. Owing to the differences in COVID-19 incidence rates, cultural backgrounds, and the availability of specific COVID-19 vaccines in two countries, the vaccine rollout strategies should be nation-dependent.

scholarly journals A Comparison of Vaccine Hesitancy of COVID-19 Vaccination in China and the United States

Vaccines ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 649
Author(s):  
Taoran Liu ◽  
Zonglin He ◽  
Jian Huang ◽  
Ni Yan ◽  
Qian Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Propensity Score ◽  
Propensity Score Matching ◽  
Discrete Choice ◽  
Choice Experiments ◽  
The United States ◽  
Discrete Choice Experiments ◽  
Vaccine Hesitancy ◽  
Health Board ◽  
The Cost

Objectives: To investigate the differences in vaccine hesitancy and preference of the currently available COVID-19 vaccines between two countries, namely, China and the United States (U.S.). Method: A cross-national survey was conducted in both China and the United States, and discrete choice experiments, as well as Likert scales, were utilized to assess vaccine preference and the underlying factors contributing to vaccination acceptance. Propensity score matching (PSM) was performed to enable a direct comparison between the two countries. Results: A total of 9077 (5375 and 3702 from China and the United States, respectively) respondents completed the survey. After propensity score matching, over 82.0% of respondents from China positively accepted the COVID-19 vaccination, while 72.2% of respondents from the United States positively accepted it. Specifically, only 31.9% of Chinese respondents were recommended by a doctor to have COVID-19 vaccination, while more than half of the U.S. respondents were recommended by a doctor (50.2%), local health board (59.4%), or friends and families (64.8%). The discrete choice experiments revealed that respondents from the United States attached the greatest importance to the efficacy of COVID-19 vaccines (44.41%), followed by the cost of vaccination (29.57%), whereas those from China held a different viewpoint, that the cost of vaccination covered the largest proportion in their trade-off (30.66%), and efficacy ranked as the second most important attribute (26.34%). Additionally, respondents from China tended to be much more concerned about the adverse effect of vaccination (19.68% vs. 6.12%) and have a lower perceived severity of being infected with COVID-19. Conclusion: Although the overall acceptance and hesitancy of COVID-19 vaccination in both countries are high, underpinned distinctions between these countries were observed. Owing to the differences in COVID-19 incidence rates, cultural backgrounds, and the availability of specific COVID-19 vaccines in the two countries, vaccine rollout strategies should be nation-dependent.

scholarly journals On the ethics of doctors in capitalist countries

1981 ◽  
Vol 62 (5) ◽  
pp. 80-83
Author(s):  
S. Ya. Chikin
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Surgical Intervention ◽  
The United States ◽  
For Profit ◽  
Us Congress ◽  
The Us ◽  
The Cost

In 1977, the US Congress published statistics on the operation of surgical clinics in many cities in the country. These materials cannot be read without a shudder. They once again proved that American doctors are no different from businessmen in their passion for profit. The report's conclusion was very sad. He testified that up to three million unjustified surgeries are performed annually in the United States. Naturally, they are not undertaken for the sake of the patient's health, but in order to present a more weighty bill to the patient, because the cost of the simplest surgical intervention is now estimated at at least $ 1000.

COVID-19 vaccine acceptance among Chinese and American middle-aged and elderly adults：A discrete choice experiment and propensity score matching study (Preprint)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xialei Li ◽  
Bojunhao Feng ◽  
Xiaocen Jia ◽  
Xiayi Guo ◽  
Zonglin He ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Propensity Score ◽  
Adverse Effects ◽  
Propensity Score Matching ◽  
Odds Ratio ◽  
The United States ◽  
Middle Aged ◽  
Vaccine Acceptance ◽  
The Public ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Us

BACKGROUND The COVID-19 epidemic is still far from over, and vaccination is considered an effective tool to curb its spread. Middle-aged and elderly people are more likely to be infected with the virus because of their frality and weaker immune systems. Therefore, it worth exploring their acceptance and preference of COVID-19 vaccines. Such data will help to develop and promote the COVID-19 vaccines. OBJECTIVE To qualify the acceptance and attribute preference of COVID-19 vaccines among middle-aged and elderly people in China and the United States. METHODS Quota sampling was used to investigate the demographic information and vaccine acceptance of middle-aged and elderly populations in China and the US. Through a discrete selection experiment, various attributes were set to quantify respondents’ preference in a vaccine trade-off. Propensity score matching methods were used to eliminate demographic difference between the two countries. RESULTS After propensity score matching, a total of 1604 respondents (802 from China and 802 from the US) were included. 71.7% and 74.7% of respondents in China and the US were willing to be vaccinated, and the social environment in China hinders vaccination, while the United States does the opposite. The CLOGIT showed that efficacy and the cost of vaccination are the two most important attributes for the public in China and the US (“efficacy” for the US, “cost” for China). Respondents preferred vaccines with 95% efficacy (China: odds ratio[OR] 1.82, 95%CI 1.71–1.94, P < .001; the US: odds ratio[OR] 6.40, 95% CI 5.97–6.85, P < .001; reference: 55% efficacy) and free (China: odds ratio[OR] 2.02, 95% CI 1.89–2.16, P < .001; the US: odds ratio[OR] 2.85, 95%CI 2.65-3.06, P < .001; reference: $200). Also, milder adverse effects and longer duration of the vaccine working were positively correlated with the public acceptance and willingness to receive the COVID-19 vaccine. Through the analysis of willingness to pay, the public was most willing to pay for reducing the vaccine’s adverse effects (37.476USD for the US, 140.503USD for China). However, the American public was willing to pay for a prolonged time of the vaccine working(1.375 USD per day increase). CONCLUSIONS Efforts should be made to increase vaccine acceptance among the middle-aged and elderly in China and the US. We propose that the two countries’ governments should strengthen the popularization of scientific and promote reasonable vaccine-related information to reduce the hindrance of the social environment to the public boycott of the vaccine. To make the public more willing to be vaccinated and achieve herd immunity, the two countries should reasonably regulate vaccine pricing, and scientists and pharmaceutical companies should remain committed to improving the efficacy of the vaccine, reducing adverse effects, prolonging the duration of vaccine works, and shortening the time for the vaccine to start working.

scholarly journals A retrospective cohort study of 12,306 pediatric COVID-19 patients in the United States

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Vibhu Parcha ◽  
Katherine S. Booker ◽  
Rajat Kalra ◽  
Seth Kuranz ◽  
Lorenzo Berra ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Mechanical Ventilation ◽  
Critical Care ◽  
Propensity Score ◽  
Propensity Score Matching ◽  
Pediatric Population ◽  
Gastrointestinal Symptoms ◽  
The United States ◽  
Study Cohort ◽  
Cross Sectional

AbstractChildren and adolescents account for ~ 13% of total COVID-19 cases in the United States. However, little is known about the nature of the illness in children. The reopening of schools underlines the importance of understanding the epidemiology of pediatric COVID-19 infections. We sought to assess the clinical characteristics and outcomes in pediatric COVID-19 patients. We conducted a retrospective cross-sectional analysis of pediatric patients diagnosed with COVID-19 from healthcare organizations in the United States. The study outcomes (hospitalization, mechanical ventilation, critical care) were assessed using logistic regression. The subgroups of sex and race were compared after propensity score matching. Among 12,306 children with lab-confirmed COVID-19, 16.5% presented with respiratory symptoms (cough, dyspnea), 13.9% had gastrointestinal symptoms (nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, abdominal pain), 8.1% had dermatological symptoms (rash), 4.8% had neurological (headache), and 18.8% had other non-specific symptoms (fever, malaise, myalgia, arthralgia and disturbances of smell or taste). In the study cohort, the hospitalization frequency was 5.3%, with 17.6% needing critical care services and 4.1% requiring mechanical ventilation. Following propensity score matching, the risk of all outcomes was similar between males and females. Following propensity score matching, the risk of hospitalization was greater in non-Hispanic Black (RR 1.97 [95% CI 1.49–2.61]) and Hispanic children (RR 1.31 [95% CI 1.03–1.78]) compared with non-Hispanic Whites. In the pediatric population infected with COVID-19, a substantial proportion were hospitalized due to the illness and developed adverse clinical outcomes.

Using Choice Experiments to Find Double Jeopardy Patterns

2015 ◽  
Vol 57 (5) ◽  
pp. 743-758 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luke Greenacre ◽  
Arry Tanusondjaja ◽  
Steven Dunn ◽  
Bill Page
Keyword(s):  
Discrete Choice ◽  
Choice Experiments ◽  
New Method ◽  
Discrete Choice Experiments ◽  
Alternative Methods ◽  
Small Samples ◽  
Double Jeopardy ◽  
Easy Method ◽  
The Us ◽  
Purchasing Behaviour

Double jeopardy is one of the most important empirical patterns of consumer brand purchase behaviour. It asserts that large brands benefit from having more consumers who are also generally more loyal. Traditional methods for detecting double jeopardy patterns in consumer purchasing behaviour rely heavily on the availability of panel data. Although alternative methods have been proposed, these too require large quantities of data, making them costly to implement for many managers and researchers. This study proposes a new method for detecting double jeopardy patterns that requires only small samples of data. Using the instant coffee market in the US to test this new method, it is shown that repeated discrete choice experiments can produce proximate measures to those used as inputs to double jeopardy calculations. This approach gives researchers an economical and easy method to test whether a market conforms to double jeopardy, allowing them to keep managers informed about the properties of consumer purchase behaviour in their markets.

scholarly journals Primary Care Clinicians as COVID-19 Vaccine Ambassadors

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
pp. 215013272110070
Author(s):  
Joanna G. Katzman ◽  
Jeffrey W. Katzman
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Primary Care ◽  
The United States ◽  
Medical Community ◽  
Vaccine Hesitancy ◽  
Government Officials ◽  
Communication Campaign ◽  
The Us ◽  
Primary Care Clinicians ◽  
Vaccine Information

The development of highly efficacious COVID-19 vaccines has brought a feeling of hope to many in the US (United States) and across the globe. However, it is estimated that approximately one-third of the US and international population are hesitant to receive the COVID-19 vaccine. For most Western countries with the economic means to purchase sufficient vaccine for their citizens, the medical community now has the opportunity to lead the vaccination communication campaign. Because frontline clinicians were the first to be vaccinated in the United States (US), they are uniquely positioned to be the most trusted source of vaccine information. Primary care clinicians, more than other groups of clinicians, scientists, government officials, media, etc. have the greatest chance for instilling confidence about the vaccine to their patients, including the most vulnerable and the most distrusting. They are considered credible and trustworthy allies for their patients in the US, however, clinicians receive little to no formal training in communication related to controversial topics, such as vaccine hesitancy. With the increasing worry about highly transmissible COVID-19 viral mutations and possible related vaccine resistance, it becomes even more critical to accelerate vaccination efforts across every community. Educating primary care clinicians regarding the importance of talking to their patients regarding their COVID-19 vaccination plans is essential.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document