Post-COVID-19 Perceived Stigma-Discrimination Scale: Psychometric Development and Evaluation

The COVID-19 survivors face social stigmatization, even with negative tests. Valid and reliable instruments are required to quantify the stigma-discrimination complex associated with COVID-19 (COVID-19-CED). The study aimed to adapt and evaluate a scale to measure COVID-19-CED in COVID-19 survivors. A validation study was done with 330 COVID-19 survivors between 18 and 89 years. The COVID-19 Perceived Discrimination Scale (C-19-PDS) was used, which was adapted from the Tuberculosis Perceived Discrimination Scale. An exploratory factor analysis (EFA), confirmatory factor analysis (CFA), internal consistency, and differential item functioning (DIF) were performed using the classical theory of tests. EFA showed a one-dimensional solution for the items of C-19-PDS; however, CFA showed poor goodness-of-fit indicators. The 5-item version of the C-19-PDS showed better goodness-of-fit indicators, high internal consistency, and non-gender DIF. In conclusion, the 5-item version of the C-19-PDS is one-dimensional, with high internal consistency, and without gender DIF. This instrument is recommended to evaluate COVID-19-CED in the Colombian population.

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Confirmatory Factor Analysis, Internal Consistency, Gender Differential Item Functioning and Discriminant Validity of the Fear of COVID-5 Scale Amidst Emerging Adult University Students in Mexico

OMEGA - Journal of Death and Dying ◽

10.1177/00302228211016216 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 003022282110162

Author(s):

Adalberto Campo-Arias ◽

Andrés Felipe Tirado-Otálvaro ◽

Isabel Álvarez-Solorza ◽

Carlos Arturo Cassiani-Miranda

Keyword(s):

Factor Analysis ◽

Confirmatory Factor Analysis ◽

Differential Item Functioning ◽

Internal Consistency ◽

Discriminant Validity ◽

Emerging Adult ◽

One Dimension ◽

Item Functioning ◽

Confirmatory Factor ◽

Gender Differential

The study aimed to perform confirmatory factor analysis, internal consistency, gender differential item functioning, and discriminant validity of the Fear of COVID-5 Scale in emerging adult students of a university in Mexico. Confirmatory factor analysis, internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha and McDonald's omega), and gender differential item functioning were estimated (Kendall tau b correlation). The Fear of COVID-5 Scale showed a one-dimension structure (RMSEA = 0.07, CFI = 0.98, TLI = 0.96, and SRMR = 0.02), with high internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha of 0.78 and McDonald's omega of 0.81), non-gender differential item functioning (Kendall tau b between 0.07 and 0.10), and significant discriminant validity (Higher scores for fear of COVID-19 were observed in high clinical anxiety levels). In conclusion, the Fear of COVID-5 Scale presents a clear one-dimension structure similar to a previous study.

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Psychometric properties of the Danish Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale in patients with cardiac disease: results from the DenHeart survey

Health and Quality of Life Outcomes ◽

10.1186/s12955-019-1264-0 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 18 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Anne Vinggaard Christensen ◽

Jane K. Dixon ◽

Knud Juel ◽

Ola Ekholm ◽

Trine Bernholdt Rasmussen ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Factor Analysis ◽

Factor Structure ◽

Internal Consistency ◽

Convergent Validity ◽

Depression Scale ◽

Anxiety And Depression ◽

Divergent Validity ◽

Hospital Anxiety ◽

Item Functioning ◽

Confirmatory Factor

Abstract Background Anxiety and depression symptoms are common among cardiac patients. The Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) is frequently used to measure symptoms of anxiety and depression; however, no study on the validity and reliability of the scale in Danish cardiac patients has been done. The aim, therefore, was to evaluate the psychometric properties of HADS in a large sample of Danish patients with the four most common cardiac diagnoses: ischemic heart disease, arrhythmias, heart failure and heart valve disease. Methods The DenHeart study was designed as a national cross-sectional survey including the HADS, SF-12 and HeartQoL and combined with data from national registers. Psychometric evaluation included analyses of floor and ceiling effects, structural validity using both exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis and hypotheses testing of convergent and divergent validity by relating the HADS scores to the SF-12 and HeartQoL. Internal consistency reliability was evaluated by Cronbach’s alpha, and differential item functioning by gender was examined using ordinal logistic regression. Results A total of 12,806 patients (response rate 51%) answered the HADS. Exploratory factor analysis supported the original two-factor structure of the HADS, while confirmatory factor analysis supported a three-factor structure consisting of the original depression subscale and two anxiety subscales as suggested in a previous study. There were floor effects on all items and ceiling effect on item 8. The hypotheses regarding convergent validity were confirmed but those regarding divergent validity for HADS-D were not. Internal consistency was good with a Cronbach’s alpha of 0.87 for HADS-A and 0.82 for HADS-D. There were no indications of noticeable differential item functioning by gender for any items. Conclusions The present study supported the evidence of convergent validity and high internal consistency for both HADS outcomes in a large sample of Danish patients with cardiac disease. There are, however, conflicting results regarding the factor structure of the scale consistent with previous research. Trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT01926145.

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The Analysis of Internal Consistency and Internal Structure of Questionnaires of Tolerance / Intolerance to Ambiguity: IAS, TAN, MSTAT-I and MSTAT-II

Reflexio ◽

10.25205/2658-4506-2021-14-1-116-128 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 14 (1) ◽

pp. 116-128

Author(s):

M. V. Zlobina

Keyword(s):

Factor Analysis ◽

Internal Structure ◽

Internal Consistency ◽

Factor Model ◽

Five Factor Model ◽

Ambiguity Tolerance ◽

Confirmatory Factor ◽

Multiple Stimulus ◽

High Internal Consistency ◽

Intolerance Of Ambiguity

The article presents the results of internal consistency and internal structure analysis on a sampleof 184 subjects of the four most widely used questionnaires of tolerance / intolerance to ambiguity: the Intolerance to Ambiguity Scale (IAS) by S. Badner, Multiple Stimulus Types Ambiguity Tolerance Scale (MSTAT-I and MSTAT-II) D. McLane and the Tolerance-intolerance of ambiguity new questionnaire (TAN) by T. V. Kornilova. The IAS subscales showed low internal consistency, the Tolerance-intolerance of ambiguity new questionnaire scale showed satisfactory internal consistency and the MSTAT-I and MSTAT-II scales showed high internal consistency. Confirmatory factor analysis confirmed the five-factor model of MSTAT-I, the other models were not confirmed on our data. Exploratory factor analysis revealed unsatisfactory internal structure of the IAS, TAN, MSTAT-II. The results of the study are discussed.

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Design and Psychometric Evaluation of the Fathers' Fear of Childbirth Scale: A Mixed Method Study

10.21203/rs.3.rs-65508/v2 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Seyedeh Fatemeh Ghaffari ◽

Hamid Sharif Nia ◽

Forouzan Elyasi ◽

Zohre Mohammadpoorsaravimozafar ◽

Zohreh Shahhosseini

Keyword(s):

Factor Analysis ◽

Construct Validity ◽

Internal Consistency ◽

Mixed Method ◽

Goodness Of Fit ◽

Psychometric Evaluation ◽

Mixed Method Study ◽

Fear Of Childbirth ◽

Confirmatory Factor ◽

Composite Reliability

Abstract Background: Fear of childbirth is reported in 13% of fathers, and it may have adverse consequences for the health of fathers as well as their families. Due to the lack of a valid and reliable questionnaire to measure fathers' fear of childbirth, this study was conducted to develop the Fathers' Fear of Childbirth Scale and evaluate its psychometric properties. Methods: This mixed method study was conducted in two phases. In the qualitative phase (or item generation), semi-structured interviews were conducted with 20 expectant fathers, and a literature review was performed to generate the Fathers' Fear of Childbirth Scale items pool. In the quantitative phase (or psychometric evaluation), reliability as well as face, content, and construct validity of this scale were evaluated. To establish construct validity, exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses were performed. Reliability was evaluated through internal consistency and composite reliability measures. Results: The primary version of Fathers' Fear of Childbirth Scale contained 32 items, which were reduced to 17 items while establishing construct validity. Exploratory factor analysis extracted two factors, namely fear of childbirth process (12 items) and fear of hospital (5 items). These factors explained 50.82% of the total variance. Goodness of fit indices within the confirmatory factor analysis was acceptable. Internal consistency and composite reliability indices of all the factors were greater than 0.70. Conclusion: The Fathers' Fear of Childbirth Scale has a suitable validity and reliability for assessing fear of childbirth in fathers. It is a simple report instrument that can be easily implemented by health care professionals.

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Psychometric properties of the HEXACO-PI-R self-evaluation form in Slovak translation

Romanian Journal of Applied Psychology ◽

10.24913/rjap.23.1.01 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 23 (1) ◽

pp. 1-8

Author(s):

Elena Lisá ◽

◽

Michael Dzúrik ◽

Keyword(s):

Factor Analysis ◽

Confirmatory Factor Analysis ◽

Psychometric Properties ◽

Internal Consistency ◽

Goodness Of Fit ◽

Factor Model ◽

Self Report ◽

Medium Effect ◽

Mean Values ◽

Confirmatory Factor

The study aimed to verify the psychometric properties of the 100-item HEXACO-PI-R questionnaire. The sample consisted of 1624 adults aged from 16 to 79 years (M=34.5, SD=13.35) who filled the paper-pen self-report form of the HEXACO-PI-R. The average internal consistency of the six factors was α=.78 (from .72 for Openness to .81 for Honesty-Humility) and α=.60 for facets. The Altruism scale in the Slovak translation did not reach a satisfactory internal consistency (α=.29). Mean values in the Slovak-speaking sample were 3.29, and standard deviations .53 for factor level and .74 at the facet level. Sex differences showed the higher Emotionality (d=.99) and Honesty-Humility (d= .38) in women. Age differences in Honesty-Humility showed a medium effect size. Factors did not inter-correlate, or they correlated weakly, except for r=.34 in the relationship between Agreeableness and Honesty-Humility. The factors were well distinguished from one another. The exploratory factor analysis with Promax rotation confirmed the six-factor model, which explained in total 44% of data variance, with an average loading of .60. Individual one-factor models met most of the goodness of fit criteria in confirmatory factor analysis, but the six-factor model did not meet them. The controversy associated with assessing the internal structure of multidimensional personality inventories by confirmatory factor analysis is discussed. According to the currently published research studies, the research findings supported the reliability and internal validity of HEXACO-PI-R in Slovak translation.

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Development and psychometric testing of nursing students’ perceptions of clinical stressors scale: an instrument design study

BMC Psychiatry ◽

10.1186/s12888-020-02964-8 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 21 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Foozieh Rafati ◽

Hamid Sharif Nia ◽

Zohreh Khoshnood ◽

Kelly-Ann Allen

Keyword(s):

Factor Analysis ◽

Nursing Students ◽

Internal Consistency ◽

Goodness Of Fit ◽

Discriminant Validity ◽

Validity And Reliability ◽

Evaluation Phase ◽

Confirmatory Factor ◽

Clinical Environments ◽

Composite Reliability

Abstract Background In clinical environments, nursing students experience a range of stressors that can affect their health, learning, and quality of patient care. This study aimed to develop a Nursing Students’ Perceptions of Clinical Stressors Scale (NSPCSS) and to evaluate its psychometric properties. Methods This exploratory, sequential mixed-method study was conducted in 2 phases. In the qualitative (item generation) phase, NSPCSS items were generated using the data collected from semi-structured interviews and a literature review. In the quantitative (psychometric evaluation) phase, face, content, construct, convergent, and discriminant validity and reliability of the scale were tested. To evaluate construct validity, exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses were performed on the data collected from 430 nursing students. Reliability was also assessed through internal consistency and composite reliability. Results In this study, 6 factors were extracted from 30 itemes through exploratory factor analysis: (1) instructor’s limited competence in clinical environments, (2) inappropriate clinical environment, (3) inadequate knowledge and skills, (4) inefficient education in clinical planning, (5) instructor’s inappropriate conduct, and (6) concerns about the characteristics of nursing career. These factors accounted for 58.8% of the total variance. The results of the confirmatory factor analysis suggested the goodness-of-fit indices was acceptable. Furthermore, the internal consistency and composite reliability indices of all factors were greater than 0.7. Conclusions The NSPCSS is a valid and reliable instrument for assessing clinical stressors among nursing students.

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The Apraissal of Self-care Agency Scale and its relation to health behaviors and conditions in older adults

Behavioral Psychology/Psicología Conductual ◽

10.51668/bp.8321315n ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 29 (3) ◽

pp. 781-796

Author(s):

Christian Díaz de León ◽

Ana Anguiano ◽

Magdalena Lozano ◽

Emma Flores

Keyword(s):

Older Adults ◽

Factor Analysis ◽

Confirmatory Factor Analysis ◽

Internal Consistency ◽

Self Care ◽

Dimensional Model ◽

One Dimensional ◽

Confirmatory Factor ◽

Care Agency ◽

Group Comparisons

The objective of this work was to contribute to the study of the validity of the “Appraisal of Self-care Agency Scale” (ASA scale) in older adults and to analyze its association with health-related behaviors and conditions. A questionnaire was constructed and applied to 165 elderly residents of Michoacán, Mexico. A confirmatory factor analysis of the scale's one-dimensional model was carried out, and also an analysis of internal consistency, as well as an analysis of the relationship with other variables based on group comparisons, exploring the effect of the elimination of inverse items. Overall, the reduced scale performed better although the one-dimensional model maintained a limited fit in the confirmatory factor analysis. Internal consistency was satisfactory in both scales (α coefficient= .806 and .826, respectively). In addition, some important group comparisons were identified with anthropometric measurements. In conclusion, tests were found supporting the validity of the ASA scale in older adults, although more evidence is still needed regarding its construct and criterion validity.

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The Student Adaptation to College Questionnaire (SACQ) for Use with Spanish Students

Psychological Reports ◽

10.2466/08.10.20.pr0.111.5.624-640 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 111 (2) ◽

pp. 624-640 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Rodríguez González María Soledad ◽

Tinajero Vacas Carolina ◽

Guisande Couñago María Adelina ◽

Páramo Fernández ◽

María Fernanda

Keyword(s):

Internal Consistency ◽

Goodness Of Fit ◽

Factor Model ◽

Short Form ◽

First Year ◽

Confirmatory Factor ◽

High Internal Consistency ◽

Student Adaptation ◽

First Year University ◽

Adaptation To College

The main purpose of this study was to adapt the Student Adaptation to College Questionnaire (SACQ) for use with Spanish students and to examine the psychometric properties of the scores. The adapted version of the scale was applied to a sample of 300 first-year university students. The internal consistency of the full scale and of the subscales was adequate, although the structure of the scale, analyzed by confirmatory factor analysis, did not fit satisfactorily to the four-factor model proposed by Baker and Siryk. The goodness of fit of each of four one-factor models, corresponding to each subscale, was tested separately in order to propose a short form of the scale. The resulting scale, comprising 50 items, shows high internal consistency and the relationships between its dimensions are consistent with those obtained in other studies.

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Perceptions and knowledge of telemedicine in Ecuadorian practicing physicians: an instrument adaptation, validation and translation from English to Spanish

BMC Public Health ◽

10.1186/s12889-021-11826-1 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 21 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Geovanny Alvarado-Villa ◽

Christian KuonYeng-Escalante ◽

Nicolás Sagñay-Pinilla ◽

Carlos Vera Paz ◽

Ivan Cherrez-Ojeda

Keyword(s):

Factor Analysis ◽

Internal Consistency ◽

Goodness Of Fit ◽

Eligibility Criteria ◽

Team Members ◽

Medical Practitioners ◽

Validated Questionnaire ◽

Random Samples ◽

Confirmatory Factor ◽

Fit Index

Abstract Background During the COVID-19 pandemic, multiple countries have taken measures, such as isolation and quarantine, to prevent person-to-person spread of disease. These actions forced many physicians to adopt new techniques, such as telemedicine, to continue patient care, which has proven to be useful in continued care for those with non-COVID-19 pathologies. Various factors, such as security, confidentiality, cost-effectiveness, comfort, and the risk of malpractice, influence the perception of telemedicine among medical practitioners. The aim of this study was to adapt an existing instrument and validate it into a new Spanish version. The instrument is about the perceptions and knowledge of telemedicine in healthcare professionals. Methods The original questionnaire surveyed 6 domains with 40 questions, and each question was measured with a five-point Likert scale ranging from very high [5] to very low [1]. The survey was translated to Spanish using machine translation. The translation was reviewed independently, and then, a consensus was achieved regarding minor changes in the syntax of the survey to facilitate understanding. After expert feedback and questionnaire review, the research team members proposed reducing the instrument to 13 items in 4 domains due to the similarity of some questions. The sample was divided into 2randomly selected groups. Eligibility criteria included physicians providing private or public services with active medical/clinical practice. Results In total, 382 surveys were collected and separated into two random samples, S1 and S2 (198 and 184, respectively). In exploratory factor analysis (EFA), the 13 items were grouped into four theoretical domains, and item 7 presented cross loading between factors and was removed. Confirmatory factor analysis was performed to assess the scale reliability and interscale associations; three models were tested. Global Cronbach’s alpha for internal consistency was 0.76 for the EFA. The goodness of fit measures root mean square error of approximation and comparative fit index were 0.009 and 0.999, respectively, for the best model. Conclusions The translated instrument was clear, with adequate internal consistency, readability, and appropriate for application in the physician setting. This validated questionnaire made it possible to evaluate physicians’ knowledge of telemedicine to increase its use, especially during the COVID-19 pandemic.

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Exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis of the Cognitive Social Capital Scale in a Colombian sample

10.1101/2020.09.22.20199869 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Adalberto Campo-Arias ◽

Carmen Cecilia Caballero-Dominguez

Keyword(s):

Social Capital ◽

Internal Consistency ◽

Goodness Of Fit ◽

Factor Analyses ◽

Confirmatory Factor Analyses ◽

Cronbach Alpha ◽

Confirmatory Factor ◽

High Internal Consistency ◽

Cognitive Social Capital ◽

Item Scale

Social capital is a polysemic concept that hinders the construction of an instrument that addresses all meanings. However, the concept has been used with increasing frequency in health sciences, which has motivated the need for valid and reliable tools. The study aimed to perform exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses on a seven-item scale to measure social capital in adults of the general Colombian population. An online validation study was done, including a sample of 700 adults aged between 18 and 76 years (M = 37.1, SD = 12.7), and 68% were females. Participants completed a seven-item scale called the Cognitive Social Capital Scale (CSCS). Exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses were conducted to explore the dimensionality of the CSCS. Moreover, Cronbach alpha and McDonald omega were computed to test internal consistency. The CSCS presented poor dimensionality and low internal consistency. Then, it was tested a five-item version (CSCS-5). The CSCS-5 showed one dimension with better goodness-of-fit indicators, Cronbach alpha of 0.79 and McDonald omega of 0.80. In conclusion, CSCS-5 presents one dimensional and high internal consistency. It can be recommended for the measuring of social capital in the general Colombian population. Further researches should corroborate these findings.

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