scholarly journals Grey and white matter volume changes after preterm birth: A meta-analytic approach

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Benita Schmitz-Koep ◽  
Bernhard Haller ◽  
Pierrick Coupé ◽  
Aurore Menegaux ◽  
Christian Gaser ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Preterm Birth ◽  
White Matter ◽  
Outcome Measures ◽  
Early Adulthood ◽  
Full Term ◽  
Intracranial Volume ◽  
Brain Volumes ◽  
General Population Study ◽  
Preterm Born ◽  
Systematic Database

Objective: Reduced brain grey matter volumes (GMV) and white matter volumes (WMV) have been reported at single time points in preterm-born individuals. While large MRI studies in the normative population have led to a better understanding of brain growth trajectories across the lifespan, such results remain elusive for preterm-born individuals since large, aggregated datasets of preterm-born individuals do not exist. To close this gap, we investigated GMV and WMV in preterm-born individuals as reported in the literature and contrasted it against individual volumetric data and trajectories from the general population. Study design: Systematic database search of PubMed and Web of Science in March 2021 and extraction of outcome measures by two independent reviewers. Individual data on full-term controls was extracted from freely available databases. Mean GMV, WMV, total intracranial volume (TIV), and mean age at scan were the main outcome measures. Results: Of 532 identified records, nine studies were included with 538 preterm-born subjects between 1.1 and 28.5 years of age. Reference data was generated from 880 full-term controls between 1 and 30 years of age. GMV was consistently reduced in preterm-born individuals from infancy to early adulthood with no evidence for catch-up growth. While GMV changes followed a similar trajectory as full-term controls, WMV was particularly low in adolescence after preterm birth. Conclusions: Results demonstrate altered brain volumes after premature birth across the first half of lifespan with pronounced reductions of white matter volumes in adolescence. Future studies should address this issue in large aggregated datasets of preterm-born individuals.

scholarly journals Grey and White Matter Volume Changes after Preterm Birth: A Meta-Analytic Approach

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. 868
Author(s):  
Benita Schmitz-Koep ◽  
Bernhard Haller ◽  
Pierrick Coupé ◽  
Aurore Menegaux ◽  
Christian Gaser ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
White Matter ◽  
Outcome Measures ◽  
Early Adulthood ◽  
Growth Trajectories ◽  
Intracranial Volume ◽  
White Matter Volume ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Brain Volumes ◽  
Catch Up ◽  
Systematic Database

Cross-sectional studies have reported lower brain grey matter volumes (GMV) and white matter volumes (WMV) in preterm (PT) born individuals. While large MRI studies in the normative population have led to a better understanding of brain growth trajectories across the lifespan, such results remain elusive for PT born individuals since large, aggregated datasets of PT born individuals do not exist. To close this gap, we investigated GMV and WMV in PT born individuals as reported in the literature and contrasted it against individual volumetric data and trajectories from the general population. Systematic database search of PubMed and Web of Science in March 2021, and extraction of outcome measures were conducted by two independent reviewers. Individual data on full-term (FT) controls was extracted from freely available databases. Mean GMV, WMV, total intracranial volume (TIV), and mean age at scan were the main outcome measures. Of 532 identified records, nine studies were included with 538 PT born subjects between 1.1 and 28.5 years of age. Reference data was generated from 880 FT controls between 1 and 30 years of age. GMV was consistently lower in PT born individuals from infancy to early adulthood with no evidence for catch-up growth. While GMV changes followed a similar trajectory as FT controls, WMV was particularly low in adolescence after PT birth. Results demonstrate altered brain volumes after PT birth across the first half of lifespan. Future studies should address this issue in large aggregated datasets of PT born individuals.

scholarly journals The Long-Term Effect of Preterm Birth on Renal Function: A Meta-Analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (6) ◽  
pp. 2951
Author(s):  
Ju Sun Heo ◽  
Jiwon M. Lee
Keyword(s):  
Renal Function ◽  
Preterm Birth ◽  
Glomerular Filtration ◽  
Renal Plasma Flow ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Full Term ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Preterm Group ◽  
Preterm Born

The preterm-born adult population is ever increasing following improved survival rates of premature births. We conducted a meta-analysis to investigate long-term effects of preterm birth on renal function in preterm-born survivors. We searched PubMed and EMBASE to identify studies that compared renal function in preterm-born survivors and full-term-born controls, published until 2 February 2019. A random effects model with standardized mean difference (SMD) was used for meta-analyses. Heterogeneity of the studies was evaluated using Higgin’s I2 statistics. Risk of bias was assessed using the Newcastle–Ottawa quality assessment scale. Of a total of 24,388 articles screened, 27 articles were finally included. Compared to full-term-born controls, glomerular filtration rate and effective renal plasma flow were significantly decreased in preterm survivors (SMD −0.54, 95% confidence interval (CI), −0.85 to −0.22, p = 0.0008; SMD −0.39, 95% CI, −0.74 to −0.04, p = 0.03, respectively). Length and volume of the kidneys were significantly decreased in the preterm group compared to the full-term controls (SMD −0.73, 95% CI, −1.04 to −0.41, p < 0.001; SMD −0.82, 95% CI, −1.05 to −0.60, p < 0.001, respectively). However, serum levels of blood urea nitrogen, creatinine, and cystatin C showed no significant difference. The urine microalbumin to creatinine ratio was significantly increased in the preterm group. Both systolic and diastolic blood pressures were also significantly elevated in the preterm group, although the plasma renin level did not differ. This meta-analysis demonstrates that preterm-born survivors may be subject to decreased glomerular filtration, increased albuminuria, decreased kidney size and volume, and hypertension even though their laboratory results may not yet deteriorate.

scholarly journals O4-13-01: EARLY ADULTHOOD VASCULAR RISK STRONGLY PREDICTS BRAIN VOLUMES AND WHITE MATTER DISEASE, BUT NOT AMYLOID STATUS, AT AGE 69-71 YEARS: EVIDENCE FROM A BRITISH BIRTH COHORT

2019 ◽  
Vol 15 ◽  
pp. P1269-P1270
Author(s):  
Christopher A. Lane ◽  
Jo Barnes ◽  
Jennifer M. Nicholas ◽  
Thomas D. Parker ◽  
Ashvini Keshavan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
White Matter ◽  
Birth Cohort ◽  
Early Adulthood ◽  
White Matter Disease ◽  
Vascular Risk ◽  
Brain Volumes

scholarly journals Association Between Brain Volumes and Patterns of Physical Activity in Community-Dwelling Older Adults

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amal A Wanigatunga ◽  
Hang Wang ◽  
Yang An ◽  
Eleanor M Simonsick ◽  
Qu Tian ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Older Adults ◽  
White Matter ◽  
Brain Structure ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Sensitivity Analyses ◽  
Intracranial Volume ◽  
Accelerometer Data ◽  
Brain Volumes ◽  
Cognitively Normal

Abstract Background Larger brain volumes are often associated with more free-living physical activity (PA) in cognitively normal older adults. Yet, whether greater brain volumes are associated with more favorable (less fragmented) PA patterns, and whether this association is stronger than with total PA, remains unknown. Methods Brain magnetic resonance imaging and wrist-worn accelerometer data were collected in 301 participants (mean age = 77 [SD = 7] years, 59% women) enrolled in the Baltimore Longitudinal Study of Aging. Linear regression models were fit to examine whether brain volumes (cc) were cross-sectionally associated with: (a) total daily PA minutes and (b) activity fragmentation (mean number of PA bouts / total PA minutes × 100). Sensitivity analyses were conducted by adjusting for counterpart PA variables (eg, fragmentation covariate included in the PA minutes model). Results Greater white matter volumes in the parietal and temporal lobes were associated with higher daily PA minutes (2.6 [SE = 1.0] and 3.8 [0.9] min/day, respectively; p &lt; .009 for both) after adjusting for demographics, behavioral factors, medical conditions, gait speed, apolipoprotein E e4 status, and intracranial volume. Greater temporal white matter volume was associated with lower fragmentation (−0.16% [0.05], p = .003). In sensitivity analyses, observed associations between brain volumes and daily PA minutes remained significant while associations with fragmentation no longer remained significant. Conclusions Our results suggest white matter brain structure in cognitively normal older adults is associated with the total amount of PA and, to a lesser extent, the PA accumulation patterns. More work is needed to elucidate the longitudinal relationship between brain structure and function and PA patterns with aging.

scholarly journals Twin-Singleton Differences in Neonatal Brain Structure

2011 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 268-276 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rebecca C. Knickmeyer ◽  
Chaeryon Kang ◽  
Sandra Woolson ◽  
J. Keith Smith ◽  
Robert M. Hamer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
White Matter ◽  
Gray Matter ◽  
Gestational Age ◽  
Twin Studies ◽  
Postnatal Period ◽  
Intracranial Volume ◽  
Brain Volumes ◽  
Mri Scans ◽  
Mz Twins ◽  
The Relationship

Twin studies suggest that global and regional brain volumes are highly heritable. However, estimates of heritability vary across development. Given that all twin studies are open to the potential criticism of non-generalizability due to differences in intrauterine environment between twins and singletons, these age effects may reflect the influence of perinatal environmental factors, which are unique to twins and which may be especially evident early in life. To address this question, we compared brain volumes and the relationship of brain volumes to gestational age in 136 singletons (67 male, 69 female) and 154 twins (75 male, 79 female; 82 DZ, 72 MZ) who had received high resolution MRI scans of the brain in the first month of life. Intracranial volume, total white matter, and ventricle volumes did not differ between twins and singletons. However, cerebrospinal fluid and frontal white matter volume was greater in twins compared to singletons. While gray matter volumes at MRI did not differ between groups, the slope of the relationship between total and cortical gray matter and gestational age at the MRI scan was steeper in MZ twins compared to DZ twins. Post-hoc analyses suggested that gray matter development is delayed in MZ twins in utero and that they experience ‘catch-up’ growth in the first month of life. These differences should be taken into account when interpreting and designing studies in the early postnatal period.

Abstract WP451: Cognitive Impairment in Cardiac Disease - Neuroimaging Associations

Stroke ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 48 (suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jane Cannon ◽  
Mark Findlay ◽  
Krishna Dani ◽  
Jesse Dawson ◽  
David A Dickie ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
White Matter ◽  
Cardiac Disease ◽  
Small Vessel Disease ◽  
Brain Mri ◽  
Perivascular Spaces ◽  
Intracranial Volume ◽  
Brain Volumes ◽  
Multivariable Models ◽  
Cardiac Status

Introduction: Atrial fibrillation (AF) and heart failure (HF) are associated with cognitive impairment. We used neuroimaging to describe if this association is explained by cardioembolism or other mechanisms. Methods: We included adults with HF (ejection fraction<45%) and AF but no stroke history. Healthy volunteer controls were matched, 1:2 ratio. Participants were assessed with Repeatable Battery for the Assessment of Neurospychological Status (RBANS), Hospital Anxiety and Depression Score (HADS) and 3-T brain MRI. Scans were graded for:infarct, enlarged perivascular spaces, microbleeds, global and regional (hippocampal) atrophy with consensus scoring by four raters using validated, ordinal assessment scales. Brain volumes were semi-automatically acquired using cluster analysis of T1-weighted and FLAIR voxel intensities and diffeomorphic atlas-based segmentation. CSF, hippocampal and white matter volumes were corrected for intracranial volume. We described univariable differences between groups and then created multivariable models where cardiac status was the dependent variable, RBANS and MRI data were the predictors. Results: Of 50 participants, AF-HF (n=34) had poorer RBANS (MD:16.9, SE:3.44; p<0.001). Differences were independent of education and HADS. Infarcts and ordinal markers of atrophy were significantly different between groups, SVD markers were increased in AF-HF but did not reach significance. Quantitative measures of white matter differed between groups but measures of atrophy did not.(Table) On multivariable models, no imaging feature was independently associated with cardiac status. Discussion: The association between cognitive impairment and cardiac disease may not be solely driven by occult cardioembolism; small vessel disease and other, neuroimaging independent, factors also interact. Differences between ordinal scales and quantitative scores suggest that future studies should use robust volumetric analyses.

scholarly journals Longitudinal Structural and Diffusion Weighted Neuroimaging of Young Children Born Preterm

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julia Anna Adrian ◽  
Carolyn Sawyer ◽  
Roger Bakeman ◽  
Frank Haist ◽  
Natacha Akshoomoff
Keyword(s):  
Preterm Birth ◽  
Brain Injury ◽  
White Matter ◽  
Young Children ◽  
Brain Development ◽  
Mean Diffusivity ◽  
Full Term ◽  
Developmental Trajectory ◽  
Diffusion Weighted ◽  
And Diffusion

Children born preterm are at risk for diffuse injury to subcortical gray and white matter. This study’s objective was to examine structural brain development of young children born preterm. Participants were 47 children born preterm (less than 33 weeks gestational age) and 28 children born full-term. None of the children born preterm had significant brain injury. Children received structural and diffusion weighted MRI scans at 5, 6, and 7 years of age. The effect of preterm birth on volume of subcortical gray matter, and volume, fractional anisotropy (FA) and mean diffusivity (MD) of white matter tracts was examined via general linear models. Volumes of thalamus, brain stem, cerebellar white matter, and several cerebral fiber tracts were smaller, and ventricles were larger in children born preterm compared to full-term controls. We found no significant effect of preterm birth on diffusivity measures. Despite developmental changes and growth, group differences were present and similarly strong at all three ages. Even in the absence of significant neonatal brain injury, preterm birth has a persistent impact on early brain development. The lack of a significant birth status by age interaction suggests a delayed developmental trajectory.

scholarly journals ASSOCIATION BETWEEN BRAIN VOLUMES AND PATTERNS OF COMMUNITY-DWELLING PHYSICAL ACTIVITY

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S403-S403
Author(s):  
Amal A Wanigatunga ◽  
Yang An ◽  
Christos Davatzikos ◽  
Jacek K Urbanek ◽  
Adam P Spira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
White Matter ◽  
Structural Integrity ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Aging Brain ◽  
Temporal Region ◽  
Intracranial Volume ◽  
Linear Regression Models ◽  
Brain Volumes ◽  
Brain Morphometry

Abstract With aging, brain structural integrity may influence patterns of physical activity (PA) performed in community-dwelling settings. In 281 cognitively-intact adults aged ≥65 years, linear regression models were fitted to examine whether MRI brain volumes (cc), assessed using an automated multi-atlas approach, were cross-sectionally associated with accelerometer-derived: 1) daily PA minutes and 2) activity fragmentation defined as the ratio of # of contiguous PA minutes over total PA minutes x 100. Higher white matter in the parietal and temporal lobes were associated with more daily active minutes (2.8 (SE=1.0) and 3.1 (0.9) min/day, respectively; p&lt;0.005 for both) after adjusting for demographics, behavioral factors, medical conditions, and intracranial volume. Higher white matter in the temporal region was associated with lower fragmentation (-0.15 (0.05) %, p=0.004). Our results suggest sensorimotor-related brain morphometry is connected with both the amount and manner in which PA is performed throughout the day in well-functioning older adults.

scholarly journals Impact of the Vulnerable Preterm Heart and Circulation on Adult Cardiovascular Disease Risk

Hypertension ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 76 (4) ◽  
pp. 1028-1037
Author(s):  
Adam J. Lewandowski ◽  
Philip T. Levy ◽  
Melissa L. Bates ◽  
Patrick J. McNamara ◽  
Anne Monique Nuyt ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Preterm Birth ◽  
Disease Risk ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease Risk ◽  
Early Adulthood ◽  
Driving Mechanisms ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Preterm Born ◽  
Long Term Impact ◽  
And Function

Preterm birth accounts for over 15 million global births per year. Perinatal interventions introduced since the early 1980s, such as antenatal glucocorticoids, surfactant, and invasive ventilation strategies, have dramatically improved survival of even the smallest, most vulnerable neonates. As a result, a new generation of preterm-born individuals has now reached early adulthood, and they are at increased risk of cardiovascular diseases. To better understand the sequelae of preterm birth, cardiovascular follow-up studies in adolescents and young adults born preterm have focused on characterizing changes in cardiac, vascular, and pulmonary structure and function. Being born preterm associates with a reduced cardiac reserve and smaller left and right ventricular volumes, as well as decreased vascularity, increased vascular stiffness, and higher pressure of both the pulmonary and systemic vasculature. The purpose of this review is to present major epidemiological evidence linking preterm birth with cardiovascular disease; to discuss findings from clinical studies showing a long-term impact of preterm birth on cardiac remodeling, as well as the systemic and pulmonary vascular systems; to discuss differences across gestational ages; and to consider possible driving mechanisms and therapeutic approaches for reducing cardiovascular burden in individuals born preterm.

scholarly journals Preterm birth and the risk of chronic disease multimorbidity in adolescence and early adulthood: A population-based cohort study

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (12) ◽  
pp. e0261952
Author(s):  
Katriina Heikkilä ◽  
Anna Pulakka ◽  
Johanna Metsälä ◽  
Suvi Alenius ◽  
Petteri Hovi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Disease ◽  
Preterm Birth ◽  
Gestational Age ◽  
Early Adulthood ◽  
Full Term ◽  
The Life Course ◽  
Gestational Age At Birth ◽  
Age At Birth

Background People who were born prematurely have high risks of many individual diseases and conditions in the early part of the life course. However, our knowledge of the burden of multiple diseases (multimorbidity) among prematurely born individuals is limited. We aimed to investigate the risk and patterns of chronic disease multimorbidity in adolescence and early adulthood among individuals born across the spectrum of gestational ages, comparing preterm and full-term born individuals. Methods and findings We used individual-level data from linked nationwide registers to examine the associations of gestational age at birth with specialised healthcare records of ≥2 chronic diseases (multimorbidity) in adolescence (age 10–17 years) and early adulthood (age 18–30 years). Our study population comprised 951,116 individuals (50.2% females) born alive in Finland between 1st January 1987 and 31st December 2006, inclusive. All individuals were followed from age 10 years to the onset of multimorbidity, emigration, death, or 31 December 2016 (up to age 30 years). We estimated hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for multimorbidity using flexible parametric survival models. During 6,417,903 person-years at risk (median follow-up: 7.9 years), 11,919 individuals (1.3%) had multimorbidity in adolescence (18.6 per 10,000 person-years). During 3,967,419 person-years at risk (median follow-up: 6.2 years), 15,664 individuals (1.7%) had multimorbidity in early adulthood (39.5 per 10,000 person-years). Adjusted HRs for adolescent multimorbidity, comparing preterm to full-term born individuals, were 1.29 (95% CI: 1.22 to 1.36) and 1.26 (95% CI: 1.18 to 1.35) in females and males, respectively. The associations of preterm birth with early adult multimorbidity were less marked, with the adjusted HRs indicating 1.18-fold risk in females (95% CI: 1.12 to 1.24) and 1.10-fold risk in males (95% CI: 1.04 to 1.17). We observed a consistent dose-response relationship between earlier gestational age at birth and increasing risks of both multimorbidity outcomes. Compared to full-term born males, those born at 37–38 weeks (early term) had a 1.06-fold risk of multimorbidity in adolescence (95% CI: 0.98 to 1.14) and this risk increased in a graded manner up to 6.85-fold (95% CI: 5.39 to 8.71) in those born at 23–27 weeks (extremely premature), independently of covariates. Among females, the same risks ranged from 1.16-fold (95% CI: 1.09 to 1.23) among those born at 37–38 weeks to 5.65-fold (95% CI: 4.45 to 7.18) among those born at 23–27 weeks. The corresponding risks of early adult multimorbidity were similar in direction but less marked in magnitude, with little difference in risks between males and females born at 36–37 weeks but up to 3-fold risks observed among those born at 23–27 weeks. Conclusions Our findings indicate that an earlier gestational age at birth is associated with increased risks of chronic disease multimorbidity in the early part of the life course. There are currently no clinical guidelines for follow-up of prematurely born individuals beyond childhood, but these observations suggest that information on gestational age would be a useful characteristic to include in a medical history when assessing the risk of multiple chronic diseases in adolescent and young adult patients.

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