scholarly journals Impact of the Vulnerable Preterm Heart and Circulation on Adult Cardiovascular Disease Risk

Hypertension ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 76 (4) ◽  
pp. 1028-1037
Author(s):  
Adam J. Lewandowski ◽  
Philip T. Levy ◽  
Melissa L. Bates ◽  
Patrick J. McNamara ◽  
Anne Monique Nuyt ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Preterm Birth ◽  
Disease Risk ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease Risk ◽  
Early Adulthood ◽  
Driving Mechanisms ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Preterm Born ◽  
Long Term Impact ◽  
And Function

Preterm birth accounts for over 15 million global births per year. Perinatal interventions introduced since the early 1980s, such as antenatal glucocorticoids, surfactant, and invasive ventilation strategies, have dramatically improved survival of even the smallest, most vulnerable neonates. As a result, a new generation of preterm-born individuals has now reached early adulthood, and they are at increased risk of cardiovascular diseases. To better understand the sequelae of preterm birth, cardiovascular follow-up studies in adolescents and young adults born preterm have focused on characterizing changes in cardiac, vascular, and pulmonary structure and function. Being born preterm associates with a reduced cardiac reserve and smaller left and right ventricular volumes, as well as decreased vascularity, increased vascular stiffness, and higher pressure of both the pulmonary and systemic vasculature. The purpose of this review is to present major epidemiological evidence linking preterm birth with cardiovascular disease; to discuss findings from clinical studies showing a long-term impact of preterm birth on cardiac remodeling, as well as the systemic and pulmonary vascular systems; to discuss differences across gestational ages; and to consider possible driving mechanisms and therapeutic approaches for reducing cardiovascular burden in individuals born preterm.

scholarly journals Plasma Dehydroepiandrosterone Sulfate and Cardiovascular Disease Risk in Older Men and Women

2020 ◽  
Vol 105 (12) ◽  
pp. e4304-e4327 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaoming Jia ◽  
Caroline Sun ◽  
Olive Tang ◽  
Ivan Gorlov ◽  
Vijay Nambi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Disease Risk ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease Risk ◽  
Dehydroepiandrosterone Sulfate ◽  
Mortality Data ◽  
Atherosclerosis Risk In Communities ◽  
Percentage Decrease ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Study Population

Abstract Context Lower dehydroepiandrosterone-sulfate (DHEA-S) levels have been inconsistently associated with coronary heart disease (CHD) and mortality. Data are limited for heart failure (HF) and association between DHEA-S change and events. Objective Assess associations between low DHEA-S/DHEA-S change and incident HF hospitalization, CHD, and mortality in older adults. Design DHEA-S was measured in stored plasma from visits 4 (1996-1998) and 5 (2011-2013) of the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities study. Follow-up for incident events: 18 years for DHEA-S level; 5.5 years for DHEA-S change. Setting General community. Participants Individuals without prevalent cardiovascular disease (n = 8143, mean age 63 years). Main Outcome Measure Associations between DHEA-S and incident HF hospitalization, CHD, or mortality; associations between 15-year change in DHEA-S (n = 3706) and cardiovascular events. Results DHEA-S below the 15th sex-specific percentile of the study population (men: 55.4 µg/dL; women: 27.4 µg/dL) was associated with increased HF hospitalization (men: hazard ratio [HR] 1.30, 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.07-1.58; women: HR 1.42, 95% CI, 1.13-1.79); DHEA-S below the 25th sex-specific percentile (men: 70.0 µg/dL; women: 37.1 µg/dL) was associated with increased death (men: HR 1.12, 95% CI, 1.01-1.25; women: HR 1.19, 95% CI, 1.03-1.37). In men, but not women, greater percentage decrease in DHEA-S was associated with increased HF hospitalization (HR 1.94, 95% CI, 1.11-3.39). Low DHEA-S and change in DHEA-S were not associated with incident CHD. Conclusions Low DHEA-S is associated with increased risk for HF and mortality but not CHD. Further investigation is warranted to evaluate mechanisms underlying these associations.

scholarly journals Effects of Bilberry Supplementation on Metabolic and Cardiovascular Disease Risk

Molecules ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (7) ◽  
pp. 1653
Author(s):  
Sze Wa Chan ◽  
Brian Tomlinson
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Vision Loss ◽  
Disease Risk ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease Risk ◽  
Cardiovascular Complications ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Potential Benefits

Metabolic syndrome is a cluster of interrelated conditions that is associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Oxidative stress may impair normal physiological functions, leading to various illnesses. T2DM is considered to be associated with increased oxidative stress, inflammation, and dyslipidemia, which may play a significant role in the development of cardiovascular complications, cancer and vision loss through cataracts and retinopathy. While conventional therapies are a cornerstone for the management of the major risk factors of metabolic syndrome, increasing antioxidant defense by increasing intake of antioxidant-rich foods may improve long term prospects in CVD, obesity and T2DM. Bilberry (Vaccinium myrtillus L.) is one of the richest natural sources of anthocyanins which give berries their red/purple/blue coloration. Anthocyanins are powerful antioxidants and are reported to play an important role in the prevention of metabolic disease and CVD as well as cancer and other conditions. This review focuses on the potential effects of bilberry supplementation on metabolic and cardiovascular risk factors. Although there is evidence to support the use of bilberry supplementation as part of a healthy diet, the potential benefits from the use of bilberry supplementation in patients with T2DM or CVD needs to be clarified in large clinical trials.

scholarly journals Early or Recurrent Preterm Birth and Maternal Cardiovascular Disease Risk

2010 ◽  
Vol 20 (8) ◽  
pp. 604-609 ◽  
Author(s):  
Janet M. Catov ◽  
Chun Sen Wu ◽  
Jorn Olsen ◽  
Kim Sutton-Tyrrell ◽  
Jiong Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Preterm Birth ◽  
Disease Risk ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease Risk

scholarly journals Novel Cardiovascular Biomarkers Associated with Increased Cardiovascular Risk in Women With Prior Preeclampsia/HELLP Syndrome: A Narrative Review

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Esmee ME Bovee ◽  
Martha Gulati ◽  
Angela HEM Maas
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk ◽  
Hellp Syndrome ◽  
Troponin I ◽  
Disease Risk ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease Risk ◽  
Narrative Review ◽  
Elevated Liver Enzymes ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Cardiovascular Biomarkers

Evidence has shown that women with a history of preeclampsia or haemolysis, elevated liver enzymes and low platelets (HELLP) syndrome have an increased risk of cardiovascular disease later in life. Recommendations for screening, prevention and management after such pregnancies are not yet defined. The identification of promising non-traditional cardiovascular biomarkers might be useful to predict which women are at greatest risk. Many studies are inconsistent and an overview of the most promising biomarkers is currently lacking. This narrative review provides an update of the current literature on circulating cardiovascular biomarkers that may be associated with an increased cardiovascular disease risk in women after previous preeclampsia/HELLP syndrome. Fifty-six studies on 53 biomarkers were included. From the summary of evidence, soluble fms-like tyrosine kinase-1, placental growth factor, interleukin (IL)-6, IL-6/IL-10 ratio, high-sensitivity cardiac troponin I, activin A, soluble human leukocyte antigen G, pregnancy-associated plasma protein A and norepinephrine show potential and are interesting candidate biomarkers to further explore. These biomarkers might be potentially eligible for cardiovascular risk stratification after preeclampsia/HELLP syndrome and may contribute to the development of adequate strategies for prevention of hypertension and adverse events in this population.

Should we Consider Lipoprotein (a) in Cardiovascular Disease Risk Assessment in Patients with Familial Hypercholesterolaemia?

2019 ◽  
Vol 24 (31) ◽  
pp. 3665-3671 ◽  
Author(s):  
Panagiotis Anagnostis ◽  
Pavlos Siolos ◽  
Dimitrios Krikidis ◽  
Dimitrios G. Goulis ◽  
John C. Stevenson
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Familial Hypercholesterolaemia ◽  
Disease Risk ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease Risk ◽  
Low Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Pcsk9 Inhibitors ◽  
Cvd Risk ◽  
Lipoprotein A ◽  
Increased Risk

Background: Familial hypercholesterolaemia (FH) is a genetically determined lipid disorder, affecting 1 per 200-500 individuals in the general population. It is significantly and independently associated with an increased risk of Cardiovascular Disease (CVD), although it remains still an underrecognized and undertreated disease. Lipoprotein (a) [Lp(a)] is a low-density-lipoprotein (LDL)-like molecule, containing an additional protein, apolipoprotein (a). Objective: This review aims to present and discuss available data on the role of Lp(a) in patients with FH, in terms of its potential augmentation of CVD risk. Methods: A comprehensive search of the literature was performed to identify studies evaluating the CV effects of Lp(a) in patients with FH. Results: Lp(a) has been recognised as an independent risk factor for CVD, mainly coronary artery disease (CAD). Most, but not all, studies show increased Lp(a) concentrations in adults and children with FH. There is also evidence of an independent association between Lp(a) and CVD (mainly CAD) risk in these patients. Conclusion: Some therapeutic modalities, such as niacin, oestrogens, tibolone and proprotein convertase subtilisin/ kexin type 9 (PCSK9) inhibitors may effectively reduce Lp(a) concentrations by 25-30%, although their clinical benefit of this effect remains to be established.

scholarly journals Cohort study on the effects of depression on atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease risk in Korea

BMJ Open ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. e026913 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yon Ho Jee ◽  
Hyoungyoon Chang ◽  
Keum Ji Jung ◽  
Sun Ha Jee
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Cohort Study ◽  
Disease Risk ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease Risk ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Western World ◽  
Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Cvd Risk ◽  
National Health Insurance System ◽  
Increased Risk

ObjectivesDepression has been reported to be a risk factor of cardiovascular disease in the western world, but the association has not yet been studied among Asian populations. The aim of this study was to investigate whether depression increases the risk of developing atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) in a large Korean cohort study.DesignPopulation based cohort study.SettingDatabase of National Health Insurance System, Republic of Korea.Participants481 355 Koreans (260 695 men and 220 660 women) aged 40–80 years who had a biennial health check-up between 2002 and 2005.Main outcome measureThe main outcome in this study was the first ASCVD event (hospital admission or death).ResultsDepression increased the risk of developing ASCVD by 41% for men and 48% for women. In men, 3–4 outpatient visits for depression increased the risk of angina pectoris by 2.12 times (95% CI 1.55 to 2.90) and acute myocardial infarction by 2.29 times (95% CI 1.33 to 3.95). Depression was also associated with stroke in men (HR 1.29, 95% CI 1.19 to 1.39) and in women (HR 1.37, 95% CI 1.29 to 1.46). However, no increased risk of ASCVD was found for men who received 10 or more depressive treatments, compared with those without any outpatient visit for depression.ConclusionsIn this cohort, depressed people were at increased risk of ASCVD incidence. Therefore, individuals with depression may need routine monitoring of heart health that may prevent their future CVD risk.

scholarly journals Association of the Novel Inflammatory Marker GlycA and Incident Heart Failure and Its Subtypes of Preserved and Reduced Ejection Fraction

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (8) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sunyoung Jang ◽  
Oluseye Ogunmoroti ◽  
Chiadi E. Ndumele ◽  
Di Zhao ◽  
Vishal N. Rao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Failure ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Ejection Fraction ◽  
Disease Risk ◽  
Inflammatory Marker ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease Risk ◽  
Unique Identifier ◽  
Acute Phase Reactants ◽  
Reduced Ejection Fraction ◽  
Increased Risk

Background: GlycA, a nuclear magnetic resonance composite marker of systemic inflammation, reflects serum concentration and glycosylation state of main acute phase reactants. Prior studies have shown plasma GlycA levels were associated with cardiovascular disease even after adjusting for other inflammatory markers. However, little is known about the association of GlycA with the heart failure (HF) subtypes: heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) or heart failure with reduced ejection fraction. We examined the association of GlycA with incident HF and its subtypes in a multiethnic cohort. Methods: We studied 6507 Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis participants aged 45 to 84 without baseline cardiovascular disease or HF who had data on GlycA and incident hospitalized HF. We used multivariable-adjusted Cox hazards models to evaluate the association of GlycA with incident total HF, HFpEF, and heart failure with reduced ejection fraction. Models were adjusted for sociodemographics, cardiovascular disease risk factors, and inflammatory biomarkers. Results: The mean (SD) for age was 62 (10) years and for GlycA was 375 (82) μmol/L; 53% women. Over a median follow-up of 14.0 years, participants in the highest quartile of GlycA, compared with the lowest, experienced increased risk of developing any HF (hazard ratio, 1.48 [95% CI, 1.01–2.18]) in fully adjusted models. However, this increased risk was only seen for HFpEF (2.18 [1.15–4.13]) and not heart failure with reduced ejection fraction [1.06 (0.63–1.79)]. There was no significant interaction by sex, age, or race/ethnicity. Conclusions: GlycA was associated with an increased risk of any HF, and in particular, HFpEF. Future studies should examine mechanisms that might explain differential association of GlycA with HF subtypes, and whether therapeutic lowering of GlycA can prevent HFpEF development. Registration: URL: https://www.clinicaltrials.gov ; Unique identifier: NCT00005487.

scholarly journals Association between Post-Diagnosis Particulate Matter Exposure among 5-Year Cancer Survivors and Cardiovascular Disease Risk in Three Metropolitan Areas from South Korea

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (8) ◽  
pp. 2841
Author(s):  
Seulggie Choi ◽  
Kyae Hyung Kim ◽  
Kyuwoong Kim ◽  
Jooyoung Chang ◽  
Sung Min Kim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Particulate Matter ◽  
Cancer Survivors ◽  
Disease Risk ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease Risk ◽  
Cox Proportional Hazards ◽  
Cvd Risk ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Yearly Average ◽  
Pm2.5 Exposure

Cancer survivors are at an increased risk for cardiovascular disease (CVD). However, the association between particulate matter (PM) and CVD risk among cancer survivors (alive >5 years since diagnosis) is unclear. We investigated the risk of CVD among 40,899 cancer survivors within the Korean National Health Insurance Service database. Exposure to PM was determined by assessing yearly average PM levels obtained from the Air Korea database from 2008 to 2011. PMs with sizes <2.5 (PM2.5), <10 (PM10), or 2.5–10 (PM2.5–10) μm in diameter were compared, with each PM level exposure further divided into quintiles. Patients were followed up from January 2012 to date of CVD event, death, or December 2017, whichever came earliest. Adjusted hazard ratios (aHRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for CVD were calculated using Cox proportional hazards regression by PM exposure levels. Compared with cancer survivors in the lowest quintile of PM2.5 exposure, those within the highest quintile had a greater risk for CVD (aHR 1.31, 95% CI 1.07–1.59). Conversely, increasing PM10 and PM2.5–10 levels were not associated with increased CVD risk (p for trend 0.078 and 0.361, respectively). Cancer survivors who reduce PM2.5 exposure may benefit from lower risk of developing CVD.

scholarly journals Ultra-processed food intake and cardiovascular disease risk in the NutriNet-Santé prospective cohort

2019 ◽  
Vol 29 (Supplement_4) ◽  
Author(s):  
B Srour ◽  
L K Fezeu ◽  
E Kesse-Guyot ◽  
B Allès ◽  
E Chazelas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Cardiovascular Diseases ◽  
Disease Risk ◽  
Saturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease Risk ◽  
Food Additives ◽  
Cerebrovascular Diseases ◽  
Sensitivity Analyses ◽  
Processed Food ◽  
Increased Risk

Abstract Objective To assess the prospective associations between consumption of ultra-processed foods (UPF) and the risk of cardiovascular diseases. Methods 105159 participants aged at least 18 years (median age 41.5 years) from the French NutriNet-Santé cohort (2009-2018) were included. Dietary intakes were collected using repeated 24 hour dietary records, designed to register participants’ usual consumption for 3300 different food items, and categorized according to their degree of processing by the NOVA classification. Associations between UPF intake and risk of cardiovascular, coronary heart, and cerebrovascular diseases assessed by multivariable Cox proportional hazard models, adjusted for known risk factors. Results UPF intake was associated with higher cardiovascular disease risk (n = 1409 cases; HR for an absolute increment of 10 in the percentage of UPF = 1.12(1.05-1.20); P = 0.0008), coronary heart disease risk (n = 665 cases; HR = 1.13(1.02-1.24); P = 0.02), and cerebrovascular disease risk (n = 829 cases; HR = 1.11(1.01-1.22); P = 0.02). These results remained statistically significant after adjustment for several markers of the nutritional quality of the diet (saturated fatty acids, sodium and sugar intakes, dietary fiber or a Healthy pattern derived by principal component analysis) and after a large range of sensitivity analyses. Conclusions In this large observational prospective study, higher consumption of UPF was associated with higher risks of cardiovascular, coronary heart, and cerebrovascular diseases. These results need to be confirmed in other populations and settings, and causality remains to be established. Key messages The consumption of ultra-processed food is associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular diseases. As the French Public Helath agency recommends, their consumption should be limited. Nutritional composition, food additives, contact materials, or neoformed contaminants might play a role in these associations and further studies are needed to understand their relative contribution.

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