scholarly journals The Foster method: Rapid and non-invasive detection of clinically relevant American Foulbrood disease levels using eDNA sampling and a dual-target qPCR assay, with its potential for other hive pathogens.

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Mackay ◽  
Rebecca E Hewett ◽  
Noa T Smith ◽  
Tammy L Waters ◽  
John S Scandrett
Keyword(s):  
Sampling Method ◽  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Environmental Dna ◽  
American Foulbrood ◽  
Testing Methods ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Dna Sampling ◽  
American Foulbrood Disease ◽  
Dual Target

Clinical signs of American Foulbrood can be difficult to diagnose and thus disease is missed and leads to further spread. Diagnosis is centred on the beekeeper's skill in recognising clinical symptoms – a highly subjective and time-consuming activity. Previous testing methods have relied on sampling that necessitates dismantling the hive and/or requires multiple visits to retrieve passive samples. The Foster method is a new environmental DNA sampling method using entrance swabs together with a dual-target qPCR for AFB. The quantification data generated can be used to detect hives with clinically relevant infections, even when no visual symptoms are apparent. Such a method will be applicable to other bee pathogens and incursion pests.

scholarly journals A new non-invasive in situ underwater DNA sampling method for estimating genetic diversity

2020 ◽  
Vol 34 (4) ◽  
pp. 633-644
Author(s):  
Gergely Balázs ◽  
Judit Vörös ◽  
Brian Lewarne ◽  
Gábor Herczeg
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Sampling Method ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Dna Sampling

Development of tetranucleotide microsatellite loci and a non-invasive DNA sampling method for Texas horned lizards (Phrynosoma cornutum)

2011 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 43-45 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dean A. Williams ◽  
Cory Leach ◽  
Amanda M. Hale ◽  
Kristopher B. Karsten ◽  
Emmanuela Mujica ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Microsatellite Loci ◽  
Sampling Method ◽  
Phrynosoma Cornutum ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Dna Sampling ◽  
Horned Lizards

scholarly journals An environmental DNA sampling method for aye-ayes from their feeding traces

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (18) ◽  
pp. 9229-9240 ◽  
Author(s):  
Megan L. Aylward ◽  
Alexis P. Sullivan ◽  
George H. Perry ◽  
Steig E. Johnson ◽  
Edward E. Louis
Keyword(s):  
Sampling Method ◽  
Environmental Dna ◽  
Dna Sampling

Validation of swabs as a non‐destructive and relatively non‐invasive DNA sampling method in fish

2010 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 107-109 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. L. LE VIN ◽  
A. ADAM ◽  
A. TEDDER ◽  
K. E. ARNOLD ◽  
B. K. MABLE
Keyword(s):  
Sampling Method ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Dna Sampling ◽  
Non Destructive

scholarly journals NewPaenibacillus larvaebacterial isolates from honey bee colonies infected with American foulbrood disease in Egypt

2014 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 271-276 ◽  
Author(s):  
Saad Hamdy Daif Masry ◽  
Sanaa Soliman Kabeil ◽  
Elsayed Elsayed Hafez
Keyword(s):  
Honey Bee ◽  
American Foulbrood ◽  
American Foulbrood Disease ◽  
Bee Colonies

scholarly journals Value and Unmet Needs in Non-Invasive Human Papillomavirus (HPV) Testing for Oropharyngeal Cancer

Cancers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 562
Author(s):  
Alec J. Kacew ◽  
Glenn J. Hanna
Keyword(s):  
Human Papillomavirus ◽  
Oropharyngeal Cancer ◽  
Unmet Needs ◽  
Hpv Testing ◽  
Testing Methods ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Non Invasive

The burden of human papillomavirus (HPV)-related oropharyngeal cancer (OPC) has risen, now representing the most common HPV-related malignancy. For years, researchers have explored the utility of measuring HPV-related markers from mouth, throat, and blood samples, often with the aim of gathering more information about an existing HPV-related tumor in a given patient. We review the widely varying methods for collecting and testing saliva and blood samples and offer guidance for standardizing these practices. We then review an array of clinical contexts in which non-invasive testing holds the most promise for potentially addressing unmet needs. In particular, such testing could help clinicians and researchers monitor the effects of vaccination and treatment. Meanwhile, due to the currently incomplete understanding of how carrying HPV relates to infection and subsequent oncogenesis, non-invasive testing methods may not be suitable for the screening setting at this time.

scholarly journals Non-Invasive Dengue Diagnostics—The Use of Saliva and Urine for Different Stages of the Illness

Diagnostics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 1345
Author(s):  
Mahathir Humaidi ◽  
Wei Ping Tien ◽  
Grace Yap ◽  
Choon Rong Chua ◽  
Lee Ching Ng
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Detection Algorithm ◽  
Acute Stage ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Fever Onset ◽  
Dengue Transmission ◽  
Dengue Diagnostics ◽  
Potential Tool

Dengue diagnosis is largely dependent on clinical symptoms and routinely confirmed with laboratory detection of dengue virus in patient serum samples collected via phlebotomy. This presents a challenge to patients not amenable to venipuncture. Non-invasive methods of dengue diagnosis have the potential to enhance the current dengue detection algorithm. In this study, samples from dengue infected patients were collected between January 2012 until September 2012 and September 2013 until December 2013 in two different setups. Panel A samples (blood, urine, and saliva) were collected daily when the 39 patients were hospitalised and during their follow-up visits while Panel B samples (saliva) were collected from 23 patients during the acute stage of dengue. Using DENV PCR on Panel A, from day 2 to day 4 post fever onset, serum showed the best overall positivity followed by saliva and urine (100%/82.1%/67.9%). From day 5 until day 10 post fever onset, serum and urine had similar positivity (67.4%/61.2%), followed by saliva (51.3%). Beyond day 10 post fever onset, DENV was undetectable in sera, but urine and saliva showed 56.8% and 28.6% positivity, respectively. DENV in urine was detectable up until 32 days post fever. Panel B results showed overall sensitivity of 32.4%/36% (RNA/NS1) for DENV detection in saliva. Our results suggest that the urine-based detection method is useful especially for late dengue detection, where DENV is undetected in sera but still detectable in urine. This provides a potential tool for the physician to pick up new cases in an area where there is ongoing dengue transmission and subsequently prompt for intensified vector control activities.

scholarly journals Circulating miRNAs Related to Epithelial–Mesenchymal Transitions (EMT) as the New Molecular Markers in Endometriosis

2021 ◽  
Vol 43 (2) ◽  
pp. 900-916
Author(s):  
Anna Zubrzycka ◽  
Monika Migdalska-Sęk ◽  
Sławomir Jędrzejczyk ◽  
Ewa Brzeziańska-Lasota
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Immune Cell ◽  
Epithelial Mesenchymal Transition ◽  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Diagnostic Tools ◽  
Endometrial Stromal Cells ◽  
Disease Etiology ◽  
Diagnostic Biomarkers ◽  
Mesenchymal Transition ◽  
Non Invasive

Endometriosis is a chronic gynecological disease defined by the presence of endometrial-like tissue found outside the uterus, most commonly in the peritoneal cavity. Endometriosis lesions are heterogenous but usually contain endometrial stromal cells and epithelial glands, immune cell infiltrates and are vascularized and innervated by nerves. The complex etiopathogenesis and heterogenity of the clinical symptoms, as well as the lack of a specific non-invasive diagnostic biomarkers, underline the need for more advanced diagnostic tools. Unfortunately, the contribution of environmental, hormonal and immunological factors in the disease etiology is insufficient, and the contribution of genetic/epigenetic factors is still fragmentary. Therefore, there is a need for more focused study on the molecular mechanisms of endometriosis and non-invasive diagnostic monitoring systems. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) demonstrate high stability and tissue specificity and play a significant role in modulating a range of molecular pathways, and hence may be suitable diagnostic biomarkers for the origin and development of endometriosis. Of these, the most frequently studied are those related to endometriosis, including those involved in epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT), whose expression is altered in plasma or endometriotic lesion biopsies; however, the results are ambiguous. Specific miRNAs expressed in endometriosis may serve as diagnostics markers with prognostic value, and they have been proposed as molecular targets for treatment. The aim of this review is to present selected miRNAs associated with EMT known to have experimentally confirmed significance, and discuss their utility as biomarkers in endometriosis.

scholarly journals Concentrations of canine prostate specific esterase, CPSE, at baseline are associated with the relative size of the prostate at three-year follow-up

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Bodil S. Holst ◽  
Sofia Carlin ◽  
Virginie Fouriez-Lablée ◽  
Sofia Hanås ◽  
Sofie Ödling ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Specific Antigen ◽  
Relative Size ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Serum Concentrations ◽  
Prostatic Disease ◽  
Follow Up Study ◽  
Prostate Size ◽  
Prostate Growth

Abstract Background Enlargement of the prostate is associated with prostatic diseases in dogs, and an estimation of prostatic size is a central part in the diagnostic workup. Ultrasonography is often the method of choice, but biomarkers constitute an alternative. Canine prostate specific esterase (CPSE) shares many characteristics with human prostate specific antigen (PSA) and is related to prostate size. In men with clinical symptoms of prostatic disease, PSA concentrations are related to prostate growth. The aims of the present follow-up study were to evaluate if the concentration of CPSE is associated with future growth of the prostate, and if analysis of a panel of 16 steroids gives further information on prostatic growth. Owners of dogs included in a previous study were 3 years later contacted for a follow-up study that included an interview and a clinical examination. The prostate was examined by ultrasonography. Serum concentrations of CPSE were measured, as was a panel of steroids. Results Of the 79 dogs included at baseline, owners of 77 dogs (97%) were reached for an interview, and 22 were available for a follow-up examination. Six of the 79 dogs had clinical signs of prostatic disease at baseline, and eight of the remaining 73 dogs (11%) developed clinical signs between baseline and follow-up, information was lacking for two dogs. Development of clinical signs was significantly more common in dogs with a relative prostate size of ≥2.5 at baseline (n = 20) than in dogs with smaller prostates (n = 51). Serum concentrations of CPSE at baseline were not associated with the change in prostatic size between baseline and follow-up. Serum concentrations of CPSE at baseline and at follow-up were positively associated with the relative prostatic size (Srel) at follow-up. Concentrations of corticosterone (P = 0.024), and the class corticosteroids (P = 0.0035) were positively associated with the difference in Srel between baseline and follow-up. Conclusions The results support the use of CPSE for estimating present and future prostatic size in dogs ≥4 years, and the clinical usefulness of prostatic size for predicting development of clinical signs of prostatic disease in the dog. The association between corticosteroids and prostate growth warrants further investigation.

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