scholarly journals Non-Invasive Dengue Diagnostics—The Use of Saliva and Urine for Different Stages of the Illness

Diagnostics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 1345
Author(s):  
Mahathir Humaidi ◽  
Wei Ping Tien ◽  
Grace Yap ◽  
Choon Rong Chua ◽  
Lee Ching Ng
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Detection Algorithm ◽  
Acute Stage ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Fever Onset ◽  
Dengue Transmission ◽  
Dengue Diagnostics ◽  
Potential Tool

Dengue diagnosis is largely dependent on clinical symptoms and routinely confirmed with laboratory detection of dengue virus in patient serum samples collected via phlebotomy. This presents a challenge to patients not amenable to venipuncture. Non-invasive methods of dengue diagnosis have the potential to enhance the current dengue detection algorithm. In this study, samples from dengue infected patients were collected between January 2012 until September 2012 and September 2013 until December 2013 in two different setups. Panel A samples (blood, urine, and saliva) were collected daily when the 39 patients were hospitalised and during their follow-up visits while Panel B samples (saliva) were collected from 23 patients during the acute stage of dengue. Using DENV PCR on Panel A, from day 2 to day 4 post fever onset, serum showed the best overall positivity followed by saliva and urine (100%/82.1%/67.9%). From day 5 until day 10 post fever onset, serum and urine had similar positivity (67.4%/61.2%), followed by saliva (51.3%). Beyond day 10 post fever onset, DENV was undetectable in sera, but urine and saliva showed 56.8% and 28.6% positivity, respectively. DENV in urine was detectable up until 32 days post fever. Panel B results showed overall sensitivity of 32.4%/36% (RNA/NS1) for DENV detection in saliva. Our results suggest that the urine-based detection method is useful especially for late dengue detection, where DENV is undetected in sera but still detectable in urine. This provides a potential tool for the physician to pick up new cases in an area where there is ongoing dengue transmission and subsequently prompt for intensified vector control activities.

The Risk of Transfusion-Transmitted Babesiosis Due to Babesia microti in Connecticut.

Blood ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 110 (11) ◽  
pp. 2900-2900
Author(s):  
Ritchard G. Cable ◽  
Yan-Yun Wu ◽  
Stephanie Johnson ◽  
Kerri Dorsey ◽  
Russell Melmed ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Endemic Area ◽  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Babesia Microti ◽  
Blood Transfusions ◽  
Upper Midwest ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Tick Borne Disease ◽  
Rbc Transfusion

Abstract Babesia microti (Bm) is a tick-borne intra-erythrocytic parasite endemic in NE and the upper Midwest. Although primarily a tick-borne disease, Bm has been transmitted by transfusion in at least 50 documented cases. Symptoms include fever, hemolytic anemia, and thrombocytopenia, typically arising 2–8 weeks following transfusion. In order to assess the risk of Bm transmission by blood transfusion in Connecticut (CT), we tested a repository of donor and recipient samples collected in 2004–2007. METHODS: The repository consisted of frozen whole blood and serum samples collected generally 1, 3, 6, and 12 months after blood transfusions in a chronically transfused population, along with associated donor serum samples, collected at blood drives in CT. All recipient follow-up samples were screened for antibodies to Babesia microti by IFA, as were the initial samples of any seropositive recipient, using a 1:64 cut-off titer. If recipients tested IFA positive after being seronegative (seroconversion), corresponding donor sera were screened for Bm antibody to identify transfusion-transmission. Stored DNA from serial seroconverting recipient samples were also assessed by real-time PCR for Bm. We defined an evaluable transfusion for Bm as a platelet or RBC transfusion with at least one follow-up sample 14–180 days later. 107 recipients received evaluable transfusions. Altogether these recipients received 1920 evaluable RBC transfusions and 1634 evaluable platelet transfusions. RESULTS: All follow-up samples were seronegative for Bm except for a single follow-up sample in a recipient with sickle cell anemia transfused with 45 RBC over 24 months. This sample was reproducibly seropositive in 2 labs with a titer of 1:64 and was PCR negative. Blood samples 6 weeks before and 11 weeks after the seropositive sample were seronegative, but PCR +. To investigate, 11 earlier recipient samples taken 5–21 months before the seroconversion were tested and all were seronegative, although 2/11 were PCR + (one strongly positive). Donor serum samples from 18/21 RBC transfused prior to the strongly PCR + recipient sample were negative for Bm. Three donor samples were not available. The recipient reported no exposure to ticks and lived in a non-endemic area of Connecticut. The patient had received 41 units of red cells in the two years before enrollment in the study. There were no clinical symptoms attributable to Bm. CONCLUSION: This may be a case of transfusion-transmitted Babesia microti, despite our inability to identify a seropositive blood donor. However, the recipient may have acquired Bm from a tick bite or from earlier transfusions. The risk of Babesia microti transmission by transfusion in CT has thus been measured either as zero cases in 1920 RBC transfusions (95% CI 0.0 - 0.0016 per RBC) or as 1 case per 1920 RBC transfusions (0.005, CI 0.000013 - 0.0029 per RBC). A previous report (Gerber, et al. JID1994; 170:231–234) directly measured the risk of transfusion transmission of Babesia microti in CT as 1 in 601 RBC (.0017). A recent risk estimate based on the prevalence of PCR positive CT donor samples is 1/1800 RBC (0.0006) (Cable RG, et al. Transfusion2001: 41(suppl):12S–13S.) This current study of chronically transfused recipients is consistent with these earlier estimates.

Serum NFL discriminates Parkinson disease from atypical parkinsonisms

Neurology ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 92 (13) ◽  
pp. e1479-e1486 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tainá M. Marques ◽  
Anouke van Rumund ◽  
Patrick Oeckl ◽  
H. Bea Kuiperij ◽  
Rianne A.J. Esselink ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Parkinson Disease ◽  
Single Molecule ◽  
Predictive Value ◽  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Diagnostic Value ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Neurofilament Light Chain ◽  
Neurofilament Light ◽  
Clinical Diagnoses

ObjectiveTo investigate the diagnostic value of serum neurofilament light chain (NFL) in patients with clear signs of parkinsonism but whose specific diagnosis was yet uncertain.MethodsSerum samples were collected from patients with clear signs of parkinsonism but with uncertain diagnosis at the inclusion. Clinical diagnoses of Parkinson disease (PD) and atypical parkinsonism disorders (APDs) were established after 3 years of follow-up and updated again after a maximum of 12 years in case longer follow-up data were available. Serum NFL was quantified by single molecule array in patients with PD (n = 55) and APD (n = 29, multiple system atrophy = 22, progressive supranuclear palsy = 7) and 53 nonneurologic controls.ResultsSerum NFL levels were elevated and differentiated the APD group (mean 23.8 ± 10.3 ng/L) from PD (mean 10.4 ± 4.9 ng/L) and controls (mean 11.5 ± 6.5 ng/L, p < 0.0001) with accuracy levels up to 91% (sensitivity = 86% and specificity = 85%). Serum NFL strongly correlated with CSF NFL levels (r = 0.72, p < 0.0001) in all groups and with age in PD (r = 0.78, p < 0.0001) and controls (r = 0.66, p < 0.0001). In our cohort, the probability of having APD was 76% (positive predictive value) and of having PD 92% (negative predictive value).ConclusionSerum NFL levels are markedly elevated in APD compared to PD and discriminate APDs from PD with high accuracy. Serum NFL may be a useful clinical biomarker to identify APD, even at stages when clinical symptoms are not yet conclusive.Classification of evidenceThis study provides Class II evidence that serum NFL levels accurately discriminate APDs from PD.

scholarly journals SERUM MYELOPEROXIDASE, MALONDIALDEHYDE, ALPHA-SYNUCLEIN LEVELS IN PATIENTS WITH EPILEPSY

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 93-97
Author(s):  
Fatma Şimşek ◽  
Mustafa Ceylan ◽  
Seda Aşkın ◽  
Ahmet Kızıltunç
Keyword(s):  
Disease Duration ◽  
Alpha Synuclein ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Barrier Dysfunction ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Suitable Parameter ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Patients With Epilepsy

Background: Processes such as neurodegeneration, hypoxia, blood brain barrier dysfunction and oxidative changes are effective for epileptogenesis.There is no non-invasive biomarker that can be used in the follow-up of patients with epilepsy, which is a neurodegenerative disease. Objective: In our study, it was aimed to investigate the relationship between inflammatory, oxidative, neurodegenerative processes, and antiepileptic use in patients with epilepsy. Methods: The groups were formed from the patients who were followed up in the epilepsy outpatient clinic between April 2019-June 2019, and the age-gender-matched control group.The study included 30 patients and 30 healthy volunteers. Venous serum samples were collected from groups to study myeloperoxidase, malondialdehyde and alpha-synuclein. Results: The levels of myeloperoxidase and malondialdehyde were higher in the control group and this difference was statistically significant (p=0.003, p<0.001). The level of α-syn was higher in the epilepsy group and there was no statistically significant difference between the two groups (p=0.52). There was a positive correlation between the α-syn level and disease duration and as the disease duration increased, the level of α-syn increased (r=0.379, p=0.03). Conclusion: Although the α-syn level increases with the duration of the disease in epilepsy patients, it is not a suitable parameter for use as a biomarker in the follow-up.

Congenital vascular malformations: The persistence of marginal and embryonal veins

VASA ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 35 (2) ◽  
pp. 67-77 ◽  
Author(s):  
Weber ◽  
Daffinger
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Vascular Malformations ◽  
Imaging Techniques ◽  
Venous Blood ◽  
Interventional Treatment ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Step Procedure ◽  
Av Fistulas

Background: In about 18% of cases with conginental vascular malformations we find a perspective of an atypical truncular vein, located along the outside of the leg, frequently extended from the dorsal foot up to the bottom. In presence of a normally developed system of the deep collecting veins of the lower limb and within the pelvic outflow we are talking about a persisting marginal vein (MV). Hypoplasia or even aplasia of the main deep veins in contrary defines the persisting embryonal vein (EV). Already in childhood these truncular dysplastic veins tend to develop varicose enlargement, causing severe reflux of a huge volume of blood – even more when being associated with av-fistulas (46%). In consequence a rapidly growing chronic venous insufficiency will guide to additional injuries. Patients and results: We have analysed 97 patients showing a persisting MV (n: 92 ) within a total of 102 legs. A persistent embryonal vein (EV) was seen 10 times within this clientel. The persisting truncular veins, associated with phlebectasias and typical clinical symptoms have been examined in a diagnostic “step-by-step” procedure, mainly phlebographically (ascending leg phlebography and varicography), including direct venous blood pressure measurements (phlebodynamometry) and – if needed – by arteriography, showing av-shunting fistulae in 46% of cases. CT and MRI were consulted for the exact therapy planing (frequently initially offered as a non-invasive, however, inadequate key of diagnostic). Actually now these techniques cannot replace pre-operatively the angiographic imaging techniques. Conclusions: The analysis of clinical, morphologic and functional signs, guiding to a specific therapy-relevant classification of MV’s and EV’s will be presented. And a specific strategy of surgical repair, interventional treatment of av-fistulas and conservative compressive follow-up treatment attempting palliative recompensation of the diseased venous outflow will be discussed also.

Anticardiolipin Antibodies Are Elevated in HIV-1 Infected Haemophiliacs but Do Not Predict for Disease Progression

1989 ◽  
Vol 61 (01) ◽  
pp. 081-085 ◽  
Author(s):  
Simon Panzer ◽  
Christoph Stain ◽  
Hubert Hartl ◽  
Robert Dudczak ◽  
Klaus Lechner
Keyword(s):  
Normal Values ◽  
Anticardiolipin Antibodies ◽  
Haemophilia A ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Factor Viii Concentrates ◽  
Patient Groups ◽  
Anti Hiv ◽  
Hiv 1 ◽  
Cd4 Lymphocytes

SummaryLevels of anticardiolipin antibodies (ACA) were measured in 55 patients with haemophilia A in serum samples obtained in 1983 and in 1987. Twenty-one patients were negative for anti HIV-1 antibodies in 1983 and remained negative in 1987; 34 patients had anti HIV-1 antibodies in 1983; 17 of these latter patients remained asymptomatic, whereas 17 patients developed ARC or AIDS during the 4 years follow-up. Thirteen anti HIV-1 negative patients had elevated ACA levels in 1983; subsequently, a significant decrease was observed in all these subjects (p <0.001). All anti HIV-1 positive patients had elevated ACA levels in 1983; normal values were found in 9 patients in 1987. Yet, these changes were not significant (p >0.05). ACA levels were significantly higher in HIV-1 infected patients than in those without anti HIV-1 antibodies (p <0.05). There was no difference of ACA levels between the two anti HIV-1 positive patient groups, be it in 1983 or be it in 1987 (p >0.05). There was no correlation of ACA levels with serum IgG concentrations, CD4+ lymphocytes, or the consumption of factor VIII concentrates.

Scoring System for the Diagnosis of COVID-19

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 413-414 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohamed Farouk Allam
Keyword(s):  
Scoring System ◽  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
False Negative ◽  
Nasopharyngeal Swab ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Pcr Assay ◽  
Negative Results ◽  
False Negative Results ◽  
Symptoms And Signs

Due to the international spread of COVID-19, the difficulty of collecting nasopharyngeal swab specimen from all suspected patients, the costs of RT-PCR and CT, and the false negative results of RT-PCR assay in 41% of COVID-19 patients, a scoring system is needed to classify the suspected patients in order to determine the need for follow-up, home isolation, quarantine or the conduction of further investigations. A scoring system is proposed as a diagnostic tool for suspected patients. It includes Epidemiological Evidence of Exposure, Clinical Symptoms and Signs, and Investigations (if available). This scoring system is simple, could be calculated in a few minutes, and incorporates the main possible data/findings of any patient.

scholarly journals Chinese Herbal Medicine Dingji Fumai Decoction for Ventricular Premature Contraction: A Real-World Trial

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Bo Liang ◽  
Fei-Hu Zou ◽  
Ling Fu ◽  
Hui-Ling Liao
Keyword(s):  
Herbal Medicine ◽  
Chinese Herbal Medicine ◽  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Medication Compliance ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Ventricular Premature Contraction ◽  
Traditional Chinese Medicine Syndrome ◽  
Chinese Herbal ◽  
Double Blinded

Background. Chinese herbal medicine Dingji Fumai Decoction (DFD) is widely clinically used for ventricular premature contraction (VPC). This real-word trial was designed to assess the safety and effectiveness of DFD for VPC. Methods. This was a double-blinded, randomized placebo-controlled trial. Patients with VPC were randomized (1 : 1) to treatment with DFD combined with metoprolol (DFD arm) or metoprolol combined with placebo (MET arm). A primary end point was a composite of clinical symptoms and signs determined by the traditionalChinese medicine syndrome score and the number of VPC determined by the Holter examination. Second outcomes were adverse events, medication compliance, and laboratory examination. Results. 144 patients were randomized to DFD arm (76 patients) or MET arm (68 patients), and 136 cases (71 in DFD arm and 65 in MET arm) finally completed this trial. After a 12-week follow-up, DFD arm significantly decreased traditional Chinese medicine syndrome score and the number of VPC compared with MET arm (P=0.003 and 0.034, respectively). There was no adverse drug effect and patient medication compliance was good. Conclusions. Superiority with DFD arm for VPC was demonstrated over MET arm for both the safety and effectiveness end points.

scholarly journals COT-04 Circulating biomarker for glioblastoma and primary central nervous system lymphoma -Next Generation Sequencing of small noncoding RNA-

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (Supplement_3) ◽  
pp. ii21-ii21
Author(s):  
Shumpei Onishi ◽  
Fumiyuki Yamasaki ◽  
Motoki Takano ◽  
Ushio Yonezawa ◽  
Kazuhiko Sugiyama ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Noncoding Rna ◽  
Central Nervous System Lymphoma ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Small Noncoding Rna ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Diagnostic Models ◽  
Healthy Control ◽  
Generation Sequencing

Abstract Objective: Glioblastoma (GBM) and Primary Central Nervous System Lymphoma (PCNSL) are common intracranial malignant tumors. They sometimes present similar radiological findings and diagnoses could be difficult without surgical biopsy. For improving the current management, development of non-invasive biomarkers are desired. In this study, we explored the differently expressed circulating small noncoding RNA (sncRNA) in serum for specific diagnostic tool of GBM and PCNSL. Material & Methods: Serum samples were obtained from three groups: 1) GBM patients (N=26), 2) PCNSL patients (N=14) 3) healthy control (N=114). The total small RNAs were extracted from serum. The whole expression profiles of serum sncRNAs were measured using Next-Generation Sequencing System. We analyzed serum levels of sncRNAs (15–55 nt) in each serum samples. The difference of sncRNAs expression profile among three groups were compared. Data analysis was performed by logistic regression analysis followed by leave-one-out cross-validation (LOOCV). The accuracy of diagnostic models of sncRNAs combination were evaluated by receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis. Results: We created the combination models using three sncRNA in each models based on the logistic regression analysis. The model 1 (based on sncRNA-X1, X2 and X3) enabled to differentiate GBM patients form healthy control with a sensitivity of 92.3% and a specificity of 99.2% (AUC: 0.993). The model 2 (based on sncRNA-Y1, Y2 and Y3) enabled to differentiate PCNSL patients form healthy control with a sensitivity of 100% and a specificity of 93.9% (AUC: 0.984). The model 3 (based on sncRNA-Z1, Z2 and Z3) enabled to differentiate GBM patients form PCNSL patients with a sensitivity of 92.3% and a specificity of 78.6% (AUC: 0.920). Conclusion: We found three diagnostic models of serum sncRNAs as non-invasive biomarkers potentially useful for detection of GBM and PCNSL from healthy control, and for differentiation GBM from PCNSL.

scholarly journals Taxonomic signatures of cause-specific mortality risk in human gut microbiome

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Aaro Salosensaari ◽  
Ville Laitinen ◽  
Aki S. Havulinna ◽  
Guillaume Meric ◽  
Susan Cheng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mortality Risk ◽  
Gut Microbiome ◽  
Human Gut ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Microbiome Composition ◽  
Human Gut Microbiome ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Sequencing Technologies

AbstractThe collection of fecal material and developments in sequencing technologies have enabled standardised and non-invasive gut microbiome profiling. Microbiome composition from several large cohorts have been cross-sectionally linked to various lifestyle factors and diseases. In spite of these advances, prospective associations between microbiome composition and health have remained uncharacterised due to the lack of sufficiently large and representative population cohorts with comprehensive follow-up data. Here, we analyse the long-term association between gut microbiome variation and mortality in a well-phenotyped and representative population cohort from Finland (n = 7211). We report robust taxonomic and functional microbiome signatures related to the Enterobacteriaceae family that are associated with mortality risk during a 15-year follow-up. Our results extend previous cross-sectional studies, and help to establish the basis for examining long-term associations between human gut microbiome composition, incident outcomes, and general health status.

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