Metabolic endotoxemia is dictated by the type of lipopolysaccharide

Lipopolysaccharides (LPS) can promote metabolic endotoxemia, which is considered inflammatory and metabolically detrimental based on Toll-like receptor (TLR)4 agonists such as Escherichia coli-derived LPS. LPS from certain bacteria antagonize TLR4 yet contribute to endotoxemia measured by Endotoxin Units (EU). We found that E. coli LPS impaired gut barrier function and worsened glycemic control in mice, but equal doses of LPS from other bacteria did not. Matching the LPS dose from R. sphaeroides and E. coli by EU revealed that only E. coli LPS promoted dysglycemia, adipose inflammation, delayed intestinal glucose absorption, and augmented insulin and GLP-1 secretion. Metabolically beneficial endotoxemia promoted by R. sphaeroides LPS counteracted dysglycemia caused by an equal dose of E. coli LPS and promoted insulin sensitivity in obese mice. The concept of metabolic endotoxemia should be expanded beyond LPS load (EU) to include LPS characteristics, where the balance of deleterious and beneficial endotoxemia regulates host metabolism.

Download Full-text

Bofutsushosan Improves Gut Barrier Function with a Bloom of Akkermansia Muciniphila and Improves Glucose Metabolism in Diet-Induced Obese Mice

Diabetes ◽

10.2337/db18-1990-p ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 67 (Supplement 1) ◽

pp. 1990-P ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

SHIHO FUJISAKA ◽

ISAO USUI ◽

ALLAH NAWAZ ◽

YOSHIKO IGARASHI ◽

TOMONOBU KADO ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Glucose Metabolism ◽

Barrier Function ◽

Obese Mice ◽

Gut Barrier ◽

Akkermansia Muciniphila ◽

Gut Barrier Function

Download Full-text

Faculty Opinions recommendation of Intestinal glucose absorption was reduced by vertical sleeve gastrectomy via decreased gastric leptin secretion.

Faculty Opinions – Post-Publication Peer Review of the Biomedical Literature ◽

10.3410/f.733477907.793547693 ◽

2018 ◽

Author(s):

Richard J Naftalin

Keyword(s):

Sleeve Gastrectomy ◽

Glucose Absorption ◽

Vertical Sleeve Gastrectomy ◽

Intestinal Glucose Absorption

Download Full-text

Mechanisms of Glucose Absorption in the Small Intestine in Health and Metabolic Diseases and Their Role in Appetite Regulation

Nutrients ◽

10.3390/nu13072474 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (7) ◽

pp. 2474

Author(s):

Lyudmila V. Gromova ◽

Serguei O. Fetissov ◽

Andrey A. Gruzdkov

Keyword(s):

Small Intestine ◽

Blood Glucose ◽

Metabolic Diseases ◽

Glucose Absorption ◽

Cellular Mechanisms ◽

Physiological Conditions ◽

Glucose Levels ◽

Blood Glucose Levels ◽

New Strategy ◽

Intestinal Glucose Absorption

The worldwide prevalence of metabolic diseases such as obesity, metabolic syndrome and type 2 diabetes shows an upward trend in recent decades. A characteristic feature of these diseases is hyperglycemia which can be associated with hyperphagia. Absorption of glucose in the small intestine physiologically contributes to the regulation of blood glucose levels, and hence, appears as a putative target for treatment of hyperglycemia. In fact, recent progress in understanding the molecular and cellular mechanisms of glucose absorption in the gut and its reabsorption in the kidney helped to develop a new strategy of diabetes treatment. Changes in blood glucose levels are also involved in regulation of appetite, suggesting that glucose absorption may be relevant to hyperphagia in metabolic diseases. In this review we discuss the mechanisms of glucose absorption in the small intestine in physiological conditions and their alterations in metabolic diseases as well as their relevance to the regulation of appetite. The key role of SGLT1 transporter in intestinal glucose absorption in both physiological conditions and in diabetes was clearly established. We conclude that although inhibition of small intestinal glucose absorption represents a valuable target for the treatment of hyperglycemia, it is not always suitable for the treatment of hyperphagia. In fact, independent regulation of glucose absorption and appetite requires a more complex approach for the treatment of metabolic diseases.

Download Full-text

Bile deficiency induces changes in intestinal glucose absorption in mice

Surgery ◽

10.1016/j.surg.2016.05.040 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 160 (6) ◽

pp. 1496-1507 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Yehui Du ◽

Hao Chen ◽

Zefeng Xuan ◽

Wenfeng Song ◽

Liangjie Hong ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Glucose Absorption ◽

Intestinal Glucose Absorption

Download Full-text

Loss of toll-like receptor 3 function improves glucose tolerance and reduces liver steatosis in obese mice

Metabolism ◽

10.1016/j.metabol.2012.04.015 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 61 (11) ◽

pp. 1633-1645 ◽

Cited By ~ 24

Author(s):

Linda H. Wu ◽

C. Chris Huang ◽

Sree Adhikarakunnathu ◽

Lani R. San Mateo ◽

Karen E. Duffy ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Glucose Tolerance ◽

Liver Steatosis ◽

Obese Mice ◽

Toll Like Receptor

Download Full-text

Bisphenol S exposure affects gene expression related to intestinal glucose absorption and glucose metabolism in mice

Environmental Science and Pollution Research ◽

10.1007/s11356-018-3823-z ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 26 (4) ◽

pp. 3636-3642 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Raja Rezg ◽

Anne Abot ◽

Bessem Mornagui ◽

Claude Knauf

Keyword(s):

Gene Expression ◽

Glucose Metabolism ◽

Glucose Absorption ◽

Bisphenol S ◽

Intestinal Glucose Absorption

Download Full-text

Francisella tularensis LPS induces the production of cytokines in human monocytes and signals via Toll-like receptor 4 with much lower potency than E. coli LPS

International Immunology ◽

10.1093/intimm/dxl015 ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 18 (5) ◽

pp. 785-795 ◽

Cited By ~ 47

Author(s):

Ana I Dueñas ◽

Mónica Aceves ◽

Antonio Orduña ◽

Ramón Díaz ◽

Mariano Sánchez Crespo ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Francisella Tularensis ◽

Human Monocytes ◽

Toll Like Receptor ◽

Toll Like Receptor 4 ◽

E Coli

Download Full-text

Potential of Syzygium polyanthum (Daun Salam) in Lowering Blood Glucose Level: A Review

Pertanika Journal of Science and Technology ◽

10.47836/pjst.29.4.02 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 29 (4) ◽

Author(s):

Nur Salsabeela Mohd Rahim ◽

Ida Farah Ahmad ◽

Terence Yew Chin Tan

Keyword(s):

Blood Glucose ◽

Scientific Evidence ◽

Safety Evaluation ◽

Underlying Mechanism ◽

Glucose Absorption ◽

Diabetic Patients ◽

Glucose Levels ◽

Blood Glucose Levels ◽

Herbal Decoction ◽

Intestinal Glucose Absorption

Syzygium polyanthum is a herb widely used in Malaysia and Indonesia in cuisines. Traditionally, the herbal decoction of S. polyanthum (daun salam) leaves is often used by diabetic patients in Indonesia. Therefore, our objective is to evaluate the scientific evidence available for S. polyanthum in lowering blood glucose levels (BGL). We systematically searched Pubmed, Google Scholar, Scopus, CENTRAL. LILAC and clinicaltrials.gov databases up to 23rd October 2020 using the keywords “Syzygium polyanthum” and “antidiabetic”. From the selected 413 articles, eight studies involving rodents were included. All results showed a significant effect in lowering BGL without any adverse effects. The possible underlying mechanism of action is attributed to inhibiting intestinal glucose absorption and enhancing glucose uptake by the muscles. Chemical families responsible for the effect were determined as flavonoids, alkaloids and terpenoids. Thus, S. polyanthum leaves showed potential antidiabetic properties, but further research is required to identify the active compounds followed by the safety evaluation of this compound.

Download Full-text