scholarly journals Geographical concentration of COVID-19 cases by social determinants of health in 16 large metropolitan areas in Canada - a cross-sectional study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yiqing Xia ◽  
Huiting Ma ◽  
Gary Moloney ◽  
Héctor A. Velásquez García ◽  
Monica Sirski ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Social Determinants Of Health ◽  
Social Determinants ◽  
Census Data ◽  
Metropolitan Areas ◽  
Determinants Of Health ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Geographic Concentration ◽  
Gini Coefficients ◽  
Geographical Concentration ◽  
Visible Minorities

Background: There is a growing recognition that strategies to reduce SARS-CoV-2 transmission should be responsive to local transmission dynamics. Studies have revealed inequalities along social determinants of health, but little investigation was conducted surrounding geographic concentration within cities. We quantified social determinants of geographic concentration of COVID-19 cases across sixteen census metropolitan areas (CMA) in four Canadian provinces. Methods: We used surveillance data on confirmed COVID-19 cases at the level of dissemination area. Gini (co-Gini) coefficients were calculated by CMA based on the proportion of the population in ranks of diagnosed cases and each social determinant using census data (income, education, visible minority, recent immigration, suitable housing, and essential workers) and the corresponding share of cases. Heterogeneity was visualized using Lorenz (concentration) curves. Results: Geographic concentration was observed in all CMAs (half of the cumulative cases were concentrated among 21-35% of each city's population): with the greatest geographic heterogeneity in Ontario CMAs (Gini coefficients, 0.32-0.47), followed by British Columbia (0.23-0.36), Manitoba (0.32), and Québec (0.28-0.37). Cases were disproportionately concentrated in areas with lower income, education attainment, and suitable housing; and higher proportion of visible minorities, recent immigrants, and essential workers. Although a consistent feature across CMAs was concentration by proportion visible minorities, the magnitude of concentration by social determinants varied across CMAs. Interpretation: The feature of geographical concentration of COVID-19 cases was consistent across CMAs, but the pattern by social determinants varied. Geographically-prioritized allocation of resources and services should be tailored to the local drivers of inequalities in transmission in response to SARS-CoV-2's resurgence.

scholarly journals Riesgo de diabetes mellitus tipo 2 y sus determinantes

2022 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 179-202
Author(s):  
Mariel Heredia ◽  
Esther Carlota Gallegos Cabriales
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Social Determinants Of Health ◽  
Social Determinants ◽  
Healthcare Providers ◽  
Determinants Of Health ◽  
Risk Indicators ◽  
Short Version ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Factores De Riesgo

Objective: Describe the relationship between social determinants of health and risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus in Mexican population.Methods: This was a cross-sectional descriptive correlational study of a sample of 256 individuals from a rural community in Sinaloa, Mexico. Data collection was carried out from October 2020 to February 2021. A snowball non-probability sampling method was used. The Instruments used were the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ), short version, the IPAQ-A for adults, the IPAQ-C for children, and a sociodemographic, anthropometric, and clinical data sheet.Results: The most frequent risk indicators for T2DM for adults are hypertension (81.7%) and overweight/obesity (68.6%); in children, it was overweight/obesity (34.9%). The risk of T2DM increased according to age (r = .560, p < .01) but decreased as education level increased (r = −.127, p < .05)Conclusions: The approach to T2DM risk factors from the perspective of social determinants of health allows strategic healthcare planning that considers the contextual factors associated with a lifestyle that reinforces the actions of healthcare providers. Objetivo: Describir la relación de los determinantes sociales de salud con el riesgo de DMT2 en población mexicana.Métodos: Estudio descriptivo correlacional transversal, con una muestra de 256 individuos de una comunidad rural de Sinaloa, México. La recolección de datos se realizó durante octubre de 2020 y febrero de 2021. El muestreo fue no probabilístico por bola de nieve. Los instrumentos utilizados fueron el cuestionario internacional de actividad física (IPAQ) versión corta, IPAQ-A, IPAQ-C y una hoja de registro datos sociodemográficos, antropométricos y clínicos.Resultados: Los indicadores de riesgo de DMT2 con mayor frecuencia para adultos fue padecer hipertensión arterial (81.7%) y SP/OB (68.6%) y para menores de edad fue tener SP/OB (34.9%). Resultó que el riesgo de DMT2 se acrecentaba según lo hacía la edad (r = .560, p < .01) pero disminuía al aumentar la escolaridad de las personas (r = -.127, p < .05).Conclusiones: El abordaje de factores de riesgo de DMT2 bajo la perspectiva de los DSS brinda la oportunidad de plantear estrategias de salud que contemplen factores contextuales simultáneos al estilo de vida que refuercen las acciones del personal de salud para contribuir a la reducción de los índices de morbimortalidad causados por la DMT2.

scholarly journals Collection of social determinants of health in the community clinic setting: a cross-sectional study

2018 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sheila V. Kusnoor ◽  
Taneya Y. Koonce ◽  
Suzanne T. Hurley ◽  
Kalonji M. McClellan ◽  
Mallory N. Blasingame ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Social Determinants Of Health ◽  
Social Determinants ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Determinants Of Health ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Community Clinic ◽  
Clinic Setting

scholarly journals Evaluating Concussion Nondisclosure in College Athletes using a Health Disparities Framework and Appreciation for Social Determinants of Health

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jessica Wallace ◽  
Erica Beidler ◽  
Johna K. Register-Mihalik ◽  
Tamaria Hibbler ◽  
Abigail Bretzin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High School ◽  
Social Determinants Of Health ◽  
Social Determinants ◽  
College Athletes ◽  
Healthcare Access ◽  
Determinants Of Health ◽  
Athletic Trainer ◽  
Black Athletes ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
History Of

Abstract Context: There is limited research concerning the relationship between social determinants of health, including race, healthcare access, socioeconomic status (SES), and physical environment; and, concussion nondisclosure in college-athletes. However, in high school athletes, disparities have been noted, with Black athletes attending under-resourced schools and lacking access to an athletic trainer (AT) disclosing fewer concussions. Objective: To investigate whether concussion nondisclosure disparities exist by 1) race, 2) SES, and 3) AT healthcare access prior to college; and to understand the differential reasons for concussion nondisclosure between Black and White college-athletes. Design: Cross-sectional Setting: College athletics Participants: 735 college-athletes (84.6% White, 15.4% Black) Main Outcome Measures: Participants completed a questionnaire that directly assessed concussion nondisclosure, including reasons for not reporting a suspected concussion. With the premise of investigating social determinants of health, race was the primary exposure of interest. The outcome of interest, nondisclosure, was assessed with a binary (yes/no) question, “Have you ever sustained a concussion that you did not report to your coach, athletic trainer, parent, teammate, or anyone else?” Results: Overall, among White and Black athletes 15.6% and 17.7% respectively reported a history of concussion nondisclosure. No significant differences were found by race for distributions of history of concussion nondisclosure (p=0.57). Race was not associated with concussion nondisclosure when evaluated as an effect modification measure or confounder; and, no significant associations were noted by SES or high school AT access. Differences by race for reported reasons for nondisclosure were found for: “At the time I did not think it was a concussion” (p=0.045) and “I thought my teammates would think I am weak” (p=0.03) with Black athletes reporting these more frequently than White athletes. Conclusions: These data help to contextualize race and its intersection with other social determinants of health that could influence concussion nondisclosure outcomes in college-athletes.

Using a Social Determinants of Health Summary Measure to Predict General Health Status in the BRFSS

2021 ◽  
pp. 089011712110449
Author(s):  
Candace C. Nelson
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Physical Health ◽  
Social Determinants Of Health ◽  
Social Determinants ◽  
General Health ◽  
Poor Mental Health ◽  
Determinants Of Health ◽  
Social Risk ◽  
Summary Measure ◽  
Cross Sectional

Purpose This study aims to assess the relationship between social determinants of health (SDoH) burden and overall health. Design Three years of Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS) data (2017–2019) were combined for this cross-sectional study. Setting Massachusetts. Subjects Out of a possible 21,312 respondents, 16,929 (79%) were eligible for inclusion. Measures To create the SDoH summary measure, items assessing social risk experiences including financial instability (1 item), housing instability (2 items), perceptions of neighborhood crime (1 item), and food insecurity (2 items) were summed to create a count of risk experiences. Outcome measures included self-rated general health, days of poor physical health, and days of poor mental health. Analysis Multivariable logistic regression was used to evaluate the association between each outcome and the SDoH summary measure, adjusting for demographic confounders. Results In adjusted analyses, respondents who reported experiencing 1, 2, 3, or 4+ SDoH had a 1.6 (95% CI: 1.3–2.0), 2.9 (95% CI: 2.3–3.7), 3.2 (95% CI: 2.4–4.3), or 5.3 (95% CI: 4.0–7.0) increased odds (respectively) of self-rated fair/poor health, compared to those who reported zero SDoH. The adjusted relationship between the SDoH summary measure and physical health and mental health was similar in magnitude and statistically significant. Conclusions These results demonstrate that the overall burden of risk due to SDoH is an important predictor of health.

scholarly journals Quality of life of men with AIDS and the model of social determinants of health

2015 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 183-191 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gilmara Holanda da Cunha ◽  
Maria Luciana Teles Fiuza ◽  
Elucir Gir ◽  
Priscila de Souza Aquino ◽  
Ana Karina Bezerra Pinheiro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Social Determinants Of Health ◽  
Social Determinants ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Determinants Of Health ◽  
University Hospital ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Institutional Review ◽  
One Year

OBJECTIVE: to analyze the quality of life (QoL) of men with AIDS from the perspective of the model of social determinants of health (MSDH). METHOD: cross-sectional study conducted in an outpatient infectious diseases clinic from a Brazilian university hospital over the course of one year with a sample of 138 patients. A form based on the MSDH was used to collect sociodemographic data addressing individual, proximal, intermediate determinants and the influence of social networks together with an instrument used to assess the QoL of people with HIV/AIDS. The project was approved by the Institutional Review Board (Protocol No. 040.06.12). RESULTS: according to MSDH, most men with AIDS were between 30 and 49 years old (68.1%), mixed race (59.4%), heterosexual (46.4%), single (64.5%), Catholic (68.8%), had a bachelor's degree (39.2%), had no children (61.6%), and had a formal job (71.0%). The perception of QoL in the physical, level of independence, environment, and spirituality domains was intermediate, while QoL was perceived to be superior in the domains of psychological and social relationship. A perception of lower QoL was presented by homosexual (p=0.037) and married men (p=0.077), and those with income below one times the minimum wage (p=0.042). A perception of greater QoL was presented by those without a religion (p=0.005), living with a partner (p=0.049), and those who had a formal job (p=0.045). CONCLUSION: social determinants influence the QoL of men with AIDS.

scholarly journals Frailty in older adults and their association with social determinants of Health. The SABE Colombia Study

2019 ◽  
pp. 89-101 ◽  
Author(s):  
José M Ocampo Chaparro ◽  
Carlos A Reyes Ortiz ◽  
Ximena Castro Flórez ◽  
Fernando Gómez
Keyword(s):  
Social Determinants Of Health ◽  
Social Determinants ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Determinants Of Health ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Childhood Health ◽  
The Social ◽  
Urban And Rural Areas ◽  
The Relationship

Objective: To estimate the prevalence of frailty and evaluate the relationship with the social determinants of health in elderly residents in urban and rural areas of Colombia. Methods: The SABE (Health, Wellbeing, and Aging) Colombia project is a cross-sectional study, carried out in 2014-2015, involving 24,553 men and women aged 60 years and older who live in the community in Colombia. For this analysis, we used data from 4,474 participants included as a subsample with grip strength measurements. The frailty syndrome was diagnosed according to the Fried criteria (weakness, low speed, low physical activity, exhaustion, and weight loss). The independent variables were grouped as (a) biological and genetic flow, (b) lifestyle (adverse conditions in childhood) (c) social networks and community, and (d) socio-economic, cultural and environmental conditions. Multiple logistic and linear regression analyses were used to assess the prognostic value of frailty for the outcomes of interest. Results: The prevalence of frailty was 17.9%. The factors significantly associated with frailty were older age, being women, living in rural areas, having low education, a greater number of medical conditions, insufficient current income, childhood health problems and a poor economic situation in childhood. Conclusions: Our results support the need to include frailty prevention programs, to improve the socioeconomic health conditions of infants to avoid future development of frailty.

scholarly journals Relevance of Gender and Social Support in Self-Rated Health and Life Satisfaction in Elderly Spanish People

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (15) ◽  
pp. 2725 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Pilar Matud ◽  
M. Concepción García ◽  
Demelza Fortes
Keyword(s):  
Social Support ◽  
Life Satisfaction ◽  
Social Determinants Of Health ◽  
Social Determinants ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Determinants Of Health ◽  
High Educational Level ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Self Rated Health

Background: Gender and social support are important social determinants of health, but the relevance of such variables in older people’s health has raised less scholarly attention than in younger age groups. This study examines the relevance of gender and social support in the self-rated health and life satisfaction of elderly Spanish people. A cross-sectional study with a sample of 702 men and 754 women aged between 60 and 94 years was conducted. All participants were evaluated through questionnaires that assess gender role traits, social support, and life satisfaction. Results: Men scored higher than women in masculine/instrumental trait and in life satisfaction whereas women scored higher than men in feminine/expressive trait. Results from multiple regression analyses indicated that women and men presenting higher social support had better self-rated health and higher life satisfaction. High scores in masculine/instrumental trait also proved to be an important predictor of men’s and women’s high life satisfaction and of women’s better self-rated health, whereas the high feminine/expressive trait predicted better self-rated health in the men group. A high educational level was associated in the women’s group with better self-rated health and higher life satisfaction. Conclusions: We conclude that gender and social support are important social determinants of health among older people.

US college students’ perceptions of social determinants of health, health equity and racial health disparities

2020 ◽  
Vol 79 (6) ◽  
pp. 700-711
Author(s):  
Rebecca Rich ◽  
Angelia Paschal
Keyword(s):  
College Students ◽  
Health Disparities ◽  
Social Determinants Of Health ◽  
Health Equity ◽  
Social Determinants ◽  
Good Health ◽  
Determinants Of Health ◽  
Racial Health Disparities ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Convenience Sample

Objective: Healthy equity (HE) implies the highest possible standard of health for all people while giving special attention to the needs of those at greatest risk of poor health, based on social conditions. The social determinants of health (SDH) are conditions within the environment in which people live that shape their opportunity to attain good health. Despite efforts to promote HE and address SDH, there is limited research on college students’ perceptions of these concepts. The purpose of this study was to understand college students’ perceptions, awareness and education on HE and SDH with a specific focus on racial health disparities. Methods: A 28-item questionnaire was distributed electronically to a cross-sectional, campus-wide convenience sample of undergraduates at a large public university in the southeast USA. Results: While many students reported having knowledge or understanding about HE, SDH and related concepts, most had negative attitudes and beliefs about them. Students reported good understanding of these terms, but also believed that health disparities were due to individual behaviours. Conclusion: The contradiction in results show that while college students may think they have a good understanding of HE and SDH, their education on the topics could be improved. Study findings should encourage health education specialists to shift their focus from merely providing information to promoting the application of that knowledge. By so doing, students may be able to bridge the gap between understanding health equity and applying their knowledge in everyday life.

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