Nitrate-regulated growth processes involve activation of gibberellin pathway

Nitrate, one of the main nitrogen (N) sources for crops, acts as a nutrient and key signaling molecule coordinating gene expression, metabolism and various growth processes throughout the plant life cycle. It is widely accepted that nitrate-triggered developmental programs cooperate with hormone synthesis and transport, to finely adapt plant architecture to N availability. Here, we report that nitrate, acting through its signaling pathway, promotes growth in Arabidopsis and wheat, in part by modulating the accumulation of gibberellin (GA)-regulated DELLA growth repressors. We show that nitrate reduces the abundance of DELLAs by increasing GA contents through activation of GA metabolism gene expression. Consistently, the growth restraint conferred by nitrate deficiency is partially rescued in global-DELLA mutant that lacks all DELLAs. At the cellular level, we show that nitrate enhances both cell proliferation and elongation in a DELLA-dependent and -independent manner, respectively. Our findings establish a connection between nitrate and GA signaling pathways that allow plants to adapt their growth to nitrate availability.

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The complexity of PRC2 catalysts CLF and SWN in plants

Biochemical Society Transactions ◽

10.1042/bst20200660 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 48 (6) ◽

pp. 2779-2789

Author(s):

Jie Shu ◽

Chen Chen ◽

Chenlong Li ◽

Yuhai Cui

Keyword(s):

Gene Expression ◽

Arabidopsis Thaliana ◽

Molecular Mechanisms ◽

Histone H3 ◽

Catalytic Subunits ◽

Trithorax Group ◽

Polycomb Repressive Complex 2 ◽

Plant Life ◽

Plant Life Cycle ◽

Curly Leaf

Polycomb repressive complex 2 (PRC2) is an evolutionally conserved multisubunit complex essential for the development of eukaryotes. In Arabidopsis thaliana (Arabidopsis), CURLY LEAF (CLF) and SWINGER (SWN) are PRC2 catalytic subunits that repress gene expression through trimethylating histone H3 at lysine 27 (H3K27me3). CLF and SWN function to safeguard the appropriate expression of key developmental regulators throughout the plant life cycle. Recent researches have advanced our knowledge of the biological roles and the regulation of the activity of CLF and SWN. In this review, we summarize these recent findings and highlight the redundant and differential roles of CLF and SWN in plant development. Further, we discuss the molecular mechanisms underlying CLF and SWN recruitment to specific genomic loci, as well as their interplays with Trithorax-group (TrxG) proteins in plants.

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KAI2 regulates seedling development by mediating light-induced remodelling of auxin transport

10.1101/2021.05.06.443001 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Maxime Hamon-Josse ◽

Jose Villaecija-Aguilar ◽

Karin Ljung ◽

Ottoline Leyser ◽

Caroline Gutjahr ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Gene Expression ◽

Seedling Growth ◽

Auxin Transport ◽

Root Meristem ◽

Seedling Development ◽

Protein Abundance ◽

Plant Life ◽

Per Se ◽

Plant Life Cycle ◽

F Box Protein

The photomorphogenic remodelling of seedling growth upon exposure to light is a key developmental transition in the plant life cycle. The α/β-hydrolase signalling protein KARRIKIN-INSENSITIVE2 (KAI2), a close homologue of the strigolactone receptor DWARF14 (D14), is involved in this process, and kai2 mutants have strongly altered seedling growth as a result. KAI2 and D14 both act through the MAX2 (MORE AXILLARY BRANCHING2) F-box protein to target proteins of the SMAX1-LIKE (SUPPRESSOR OF MAX2 1) (SMXL) family for degradation, but the signalling events downstream of this step are unclear in both pathways. Here, we show that kai2 phenotypes arise because of a failure to downregulate auxin transport from the seedling shoot apex towards the root system, rather than a failure to respond to light per se. We demonstrate that KAI2 controls the light-induced remodelling of the PIN-mediated auxin transport system in seedlings, promoting the reduction of PIN3, PIN4, and PIN7 abundance in older tissues, and the increase of PIN1, PIN2, PIN3, and PIN7 abundance in the root meristem, consistent with transition from elongation-mediated growth in the dark to meristematically-mediated growth in the light. We show that removing PIN3, PIN4 and PIN7 from kai2 mutants, or pharmacological inhibition of auxin transport and synthesis, is sufficient to suppress most kai2 seedling phenotypes. KAI2 is not required for the light-mediated changes in PIN gene expression but is required for the changes in PIN protein abundance at the plasma membrane; we thus propose that KAI2 acts to promote vesicle trafficking, consistent with previous suggestions about D14-mediated signalling in the shoot.

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Nanoparticle-plasma Membrane Interactions: Thermodynamics, Toxicity and Cellular Response

Current Medicinal Chemistry ◽

10.2174/0929867325666181112090648 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 27 (20) ◽

pp. 3330-3345

Author(s):

Ana G. Rodríguez-Hernández ◽

Rafael Vazquez-Duhalt ◽

Alejandro Huerta-Saquero

Keyword(s):

Gene Expression ◽

Immune Responses ◽

Cellular Response ◽

Cellular Level ◽

Membrane Interactions ◽

Daily Lives ◽

Cellular Physiology ◽

Associated Proteins ◽

First Contact ◽

Insight Into

Nanomaterials have become part of our daily lives, particularly nanoparticles contained in food, water, cosmetics, additives and textiles. Nanoparticles interact with organisms at the cellular level. The cell membrane is the first protective barrier against the potential toxic effect of nanoparticles. This first contact, including the interaction between the cell membranes -and associated proteins- and the nanoparticles is critically reviewed here. Nanoparticles, depending on their toxicity, can cause cellular physiology alterations, such as a disruption in cell signaling or changes in gene expression and they can trigger immune responses and even apoptosis. Additionally, the fundamental thermodynamics behind the nanoparticle-membrane and nanoparticle-proteins-membrane interactions are discussed. The analysis is intended to increase our insight into the mechanisms involved in these interactions. Finally, consequences are reviewed and discussed.

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H2S action in plant life cycle

Plant Growth Regulation ◽

10.1007/s10725-021-00693-w ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Mingjian Zhou ◽

Heng Zhou ◽

Jie Shen ◽

Zhirong Zhang ◽

Cecilia Gotor ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Life Cycle ◽

Plant Life ◽

Plant Life Cycle

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Genome-wide identification and analysis of class III peroxidases in Betula pendula

BMC Genomics ◽

10.1186/s12864-021-07622-1 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 22 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Kewei Cai ◽

Huixin Liu ◽

Song Chen ◽

Yi Liu ◽

Xiyang Zhao ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Stress Responses ◽

Betula Pendula ◽

Expression Patterns ◽

Class Iii ◽

Physiological Processes ◽

Plant Life ◽

Genome Wide ◽

Plant Life Cycle ◽

Class Iii Peroxidases ◽

And Function

Abstract Background Class III peroxidases (POD) proteins are widely present in the plant kingdom that are involved in a broad range of physiological processes including stress responses and lignin polymerization throughout the plant life cycle. At present, POD genes have been studied in Arabidopsis, rice, poplar, maize and Chinese pear, but there are no reports on the identification and function of POD gene family in Betula pendula. Results We identified 90 nonredundant POD genes in Betula pendula. (designated BpPODs). According to phylogenetic relationships, these POD genes were classified into 12 groups. The BpPODs are distributed in different numbers on the 14 chromosomes, and some BpPODs were located sequentially in tandem on chromosomes. In addition, we analyzed the conserved domains of BpPOD proteins and found that they contain highly conserved motifs. We also investigated their expression patterns in different tissues, the results showed that some BpPODs might play an important role in xylem, leaf, root and flower. Furthermore, under low temperature conditions, some BpPODs showed different expression patterns at different times. Conclusions The research on the structure and function of the POD genes in Betula pendula plays a very important role in understanding the growth and development process and the molecular mechanism of stress resistance. These results lay the theoretical foundation for the genetic improvement of Betula pendula.

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Shaped 3D Singular Spectrum Analysis for Quantifying Gene Expression, with Application to the Early Zebrafish Embryo

BioMed Research International ◽

10.1155/2015/986436 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 2015 ◽

pp. 1-18 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Alex Shlemov ◽

Nina Golyandina ◽

David Holloway ◽

Alexander Spirov

Keyword(s):

Gene Expression ◽

Spectrum Analysis ◽

Spherical Surface ◽

Expression Patterns ◽

Singular Spectrum Analysis ◽

Thick Layer ◽

Cellular Level ◽

Grid Pattern ◽

Developmental Gene Expression ◽

Singular Spectrum

Recent progress in microscopy technologies, biological markers, and automated processing methods is making possible the development of gene expression atlases at cellular-level resolution over whole embryos. Raw data on gene expression is usually very noisy. This noise comes from both experimental (technical/methodological) and true biological sources (from stochastic biochemical processes). In addition, the cells or nuclei being imaged are irregularly arranged in 3D space. This makes the processing, extraction, and study of expression signals and intrinsic biological noise a serious challenge for 3D data, requiring new computational approaches. Here, we present a new approach for studying gene expression in nuclei located in a thick layer around a spherical surface. The method includes depth equalization on the sphere, flattening, interpolation to a regular grid, pattern extraction by Shaped 3D singular spectrum analysis (SSA), and interpolation back to original nuclear positions. The approach is demonstrated on several examples of gene expression in the zebrafish egg (a model system in vertebrate development). The method is tested on several different data geometries (e.g., nuclear positions) and different forms of gene expression patterns. Fully 3D datasets for developmental gene expression are becoming increasingly available; we discuss the prospects of applying 3D-SSA to data processing and analysis in this growing field.

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