scholarly journals Targeting current species ranges and carbon stocks fails to conserve biodiversity in a changing climate: opportunities to support climate adaptation under 30x30

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lindsay M Dreiss ◽  
L Mae Lacey ◽  
Theodore C Weber ◽  
Aimee Delach ◽  
Talia E Niederman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Protected Areas ◽  
Spatial Patterns ◽  
Climate Adaptation ◽  
Species Conservation ◽  
Strategic Decisions ◽  
Species Ranges ◽  
Ample Opportunity ◽  
Current Species ◽  
Weighted Combination ◽  
Imperiled Species

Protecting areas for climate adaptation will be essential to ensuring greater opportunity for species conservation well into the future. However, many proposals for protected areas expansion focus on our understanding of current spatial patterns, which may be ineffective surrogates for future needs. A science-driven call to address the biodiversity and climate crises by conserving at least 30% of lands and waters by 2030, 30x30, presents new opportunities to inform the siting of new protections globally and in the U.S. Here we identify climate refugia and corridors based on a weighted combination of currently available models; compare them to current biodiversity hotspots and carbon-rich areas to understand how 30x30 protections siting may be biased by data omission; and compare identified refugia and corridors to the Protected Areas Database to assess current levels of protection. Available data indicate that 20.5% and 27.5% of identified climate adaptation areas (refugia and/or corridor) coincides with current imperiled species hotspots and carbon-rich areas, respectively. With only 12.5% of climate refugia and corridors protected, a continued focus on current spatial patterns in species and carbon richness will not inherently conserve places critical for climate adaptation. However, there is ample opportunity for establishing future-minded protections: 52% of the contiguous U.S. falls into the top quartile of values for at least one class of climate refugia. Nearly 27% is already part of the protected areas network, but managed for multiple uses that may limit their ability to contribute to the goals of 30x30. Additionally, nearly two-thirds of nationally identified refugia coincide with ecoregion-specific refugia suggesting representation of nearly all ecoregions in national efforts focused on conserving climate refugia. Based on these results, we recommend that land planners and managers make more explicit policy priorities and strategic decisions for future-minded protections and climate adaptation.

scholarly journals Vulnerability Visualization to Support Adaptation to Heat and Floods: Towards the EXTRA Interactive Tool in Norrköping, Sweden

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 1179
Author(s):  
Tomasz Opach ◽  
Erik Glaas ◽  
Mattias Hjerpe ◽  
Carlo Navarra
Keyword(s):  
Primary Schools ◽  
Climate Adaptation ◽  
Residential Buildings ◽  
Strategic Decisions ◽  
Adaptation Measures ◽  
Governance Capacity ◽  
Local Climate ◽  
Climate Risks ◽  
Digital Environments ◽  
Adaptation Action

Municipal actors are increasingly expected to consider climate adaptation in operative and strategic work. Here, digital environments can support strategic decisions and planning through visual representations of local climate risks and vulnerabilities. This study targets visualization of vulnerability to heat and floods as a means of supporting adaptation action in preschools, primary schools, caring units, and municipal residential buildings in Norrköping, Sweden. Workshops with sector leaders identified vulnerability indicators used as a basis for collecting, calculating and representing self-assessed vulnerability of individual units and buildings. Informed by user inputs, a map-based interactive visual tool representing resulting vulnerability scores and risk maps was developed to support (1) planners and sector leaders in strategic prioritization and investments, and (2) unit heads in identifying adaptation measures to reduce local flood and heat risks. The tool was tested with adaptation coordinators from targeted sectors. The study finds that the tool made it possible to overview climate risks and adaptation measures, which arguably increases general governance capacity Allowing yearly updates of set scores, the tool was also found to be useful for monitoring how vulnerability in the municipality evolves over time, and for evaluating how adaptive efforts influence calculated risks.

Do protected areas networks ensure the supply of ecosystem services? Spatial patterns of two nature reserve systems in semi-arid Spain

2015 ◽  
Vol 60 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antonio J. Castro ◽  
Berta Martín-López ◽  
Enrique López ◽  
Tobias Plieninger ◽  
Domingo Alcaraz-Segura ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ecosystem Services ◽  
Protected Areas ◽  
Spatial Patterns ◽  
Nature Reserve ◽  
Semi Arid

scholarly journals Spatial patterns of grassland–shrubland state transitions: a 74-year record on grazed and protected areas

2014 ◽  
Vol 24 (6) ◽  
pp. 1421-1433 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dawn M. Browning ◽  
Janet Franklin ◽  
Steven R. Archer ◽  
Jeffrey K. Gillan ◽  
D. Phillip Guertin
Keyword(s):  
Protected Areas ◽  
Spatial Patterns ◽  
State Transitions

scholarly journals Differences in personality / temperament in the endangered tortoise Testudo hermanni and their implications on dispersal and conservation

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexandra Rodriguez ◽  
Sebastien Caron ◽  
Jean-Marie Ballouard
Keyword(s):  
Endangered Species ◽  
Personality Traits ◽  
Protected Areas ◽  
Endemic Species ◽  
Mediterranean Region ◽  
Species Conservation ◽  
Human Presence ◽  
Domestic Group ◽  
Testudo Hermanni ◽  
Wild Group

Behavioural studies are more an more implicated in species conservation. Determining individuals personality in the case of reintroduction operations may be very useful. Actually, indiviuals temperament may be associated to their dispersal capacities and their habilities to adapt to novel environments. Considered as asociable species, few studies have been conducted on reptiles and this is even worse in the case of endangered species. Hermann tortoise, Testudo hermanni, an endemic species from Mediterranean region is endangered because of the lost and modification of its habitats. Before conducting reintroduction actions it is important to have more information on individuals personality traits. We have tested the reaction of three groups of tortoises (domestic, wild and from the SOPTOM center) when confronted to a novel environment and to human presence. The aim was to discriminate individuals with bold and shy behaviours. Behavioural profiles are different between the three groups of tortoises, the domestic group appeared to be bolder than the wild one. Moreover, for the wild group, bold individuals travel longer distances in the field, sometimes outside the protected areas. Thus, it is important to take into account the personality of individuals choosen for translocation projects.

scholarly journals Effets combinés des facteurs anthropiques et climatiques sur l’état des populations de trois espèces ligneuses vulnérables

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (5) ◽  
pp. 1763-1785
Author(s):  
Lassina Traore ◽  
Oumarou Sambare ◽  
Salfo Savadogo ◽  
Amadé Ouedraogo ◽  
Adjima Thiombiano
Keyword(s):  
Burkina Faso ◽  
Protected Areas ◽  
Species Conservation ◽  
Woody Species ◽  
Anthropogenic Pressure ◽  
Vulnerable Species ◽  
Climatic Gradient ◽  
Detarium Microcarpum ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Juvenile Individual

Les facteurs climatiques et anthropiques sont à l’origine de la régression de la population de nombreuses espèces ligneuses en zone soudanienne. Anogeissus leiocarpa, Bombax costatum et Detarium microcarpum sont des espèces qui ont une importance socio-économique avérée et donc elles se révèlent être vulnérables. L’évaluation comparée de l’état des peuplements des trois espèces dans les aires protégées et non protégées suivant le gradient climatique permettra de disposer d’informations utiles pour leur gestion durable. La structure des populations a été évaluée à partir d’inventaires forestiers basés sur un échantillonnage aléatoire à travers des parcelles rectangulaires de 1000 m². Les individus dont le diamètre du tronc à 1,3 m de hauteur est supérieur ou égal à 5 cm ont été mesurés. La régénération (individus à D1,3 m < 5 cm) a été comptée par classe de hauteur dans des sous-placettes de 25 m². Les densités et les surfaces terrières des trois espèces varient significativement suivant le gradient de protection dans chaque secteur climatique. A. leiocarpa et D. microcarpum possèdent de bonnes structures démographiques dans les deux secteurs climatiques soudaniens, indépendamment du type d’utilisation de terres. Seule la densité de B. costatum montre une différence significative le long du gradient climatique entre les aires protégées. L’étude révèle l’importance des aires protégées dans la conservation de ces espèces vulnérables.Mots clés : Burkina Faso, zone soudanienne, aires protégées, aires non protégées, espèces vulnérables, conservation.   Climate and land use types are mainly responsible for the decline of many woody species in Sudanian areas. Anogeissus leiocarpa, Bombax costatum and Detarium microcarpum are high-value but vulnerable species due to the anthropogenic pressure. The compared assessment of the state of the targeted species in the protected and unprotected areas along the climatic gradient will provide information that could help implementing sustainable management of these species. The population structures were evaluated from forest inventories based on a random sampling through rectangular plots of 1000 m². The adult individuals of each species with diameters ≥ 5 cm at 1.30 m of heigh were measured. The juvenile individual with diameters that were less than 5 cm were counted and classified into height classes within plots size of 25 m². The structural characteristic of the targeted species vary significantly between land uses within each climatic zone. A. leiocarpa and D. microcarpum showed a stable population structure between the two climatic sectors, irrespective of management regimes. Only density of B. costatum shows a significant difference in the PAs and along climatic gradient. The study reveals the importance of protected areas for these vulnerable species conservations.Keywords: Burkina Faso, Sudanian zone, protected areas, unprotected areas, vulnerable species, conservation.

scholarly journals Auditing the Marketing and Social Media Communication of Natural Protected Areas. How Marketing Can Contribute to the Sustainability of Tourism

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (15) ◽  
pp. 4014
Author(s):  
Luque-Martínez ◽  
Faraoni ◽  
Doña-Toledo
Keyword(s):  
Social Networks ◽  
Social Media ◽  
Protected Areas ◽  
Strategic Decisions ◽  
Natural Protected Areas ◽  
Media Communication ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Integral Assessment ◽  
Social Media Communication ◽  
First Time

Natural Protected Areas face the challenge of conciliating attractions with satisfaction of their different stakeholders without compromising their own resources. Marketing can play an important role to this challenge from a macromarketing perspective. No studies are found in the literature on the integral assessment of marketing practices in Natural Protected Areas. For the first time, it proposes a marketing audit in Natural Protected Areas to fill that gap applying the Importance-Performance Analysis matrix, useful in strategic decisions, through interviews with directors of Natural Protected Areas. The main strengths, weaknesses, and deficits in the application of marketing are identified. The presence of a restricted and biased attitude towards marketing was noted among directors. In addition, the marketing behaviour is studied in two of the main social networks (Twitter/Facebook), comparisons were established in the USA, Spain, Italy and Mexico, identifying behavioural profiles in five groups in accordance with the 26 indicators under analysis.

scholarly journals Mechanisms driving phenological and range change in migratory species

2019 ◽  
Vol 374 (1781) ◽  
pp. 20180047 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jennifer A. Gill ◽  
José A. Alves ◽  
Tómas G. Gunnarsson
Keyword(s):  
Species Conservation ◽  
Site Occupancy ◽  
Migratory Species ◽  
Term Study ◽  
Species Ranges ◽  
Space And Time ◽  
Long Term Study ◽  
Key Resources ◽  
Dynamics Of Populations

Many migratory systems are changing rapidly in space and time, and these changes present challenges for conservation. Changes in local abundance and site occupancy across species' ranges have raised concerns over the efficacy of the existing protected area networks, while changes in phenology can potentially create mismatches in the timing of annual events with the availability of key resources. These changes could arise either through individuals shifting in space and time or through generational shifts in the frequency of individuals using different locations or on differing migratory schedules. Using a long-term study of a migratory shorebird in which individuals have been tracked through a period of range expansion and phenological change, we show that these changes occur through generational shifts in spatial and phenological distributions, and that individuals are highly consistent in space and time. Predictions of future rates of changes in range size and phenology, and their implications for species conservation, will require an understanding of the processes that can drive generational shifts. We therefore explore the developmental, demographic and environmental processes that could influence generational shifts in phenology and distribution, and the studies that will be needed to distinguish among these mechanisms of change. This article is part of the theme issue ‘Linking behaviour to dynamics of populations and communities: application of novel approaches in behavioural ecology to conservation’.

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