scholarly journals A comparative study of Bacterial culture isolates, site of infections and drug resistance pattern between COVID and non COVID patients admitted in a tertiary care hospital: A Pilot study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arup Halder ◽  
Deep Narayan Mukherjee ◽  
Soumyadeep Seal ◽  
Hindol Dasgupta ◽  
Mainak Chakraborty
Keyword(s):  
Drug Resistance ◽  
Pilot Study ◽  
Bacterial Infection ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Antibiotic Sensitivity ◽  
Resistance Pattern ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Secondary Bacterial Infection ◽  
Sensitivity Pattern ◽  
Drug Resistance Pattern

AbstractIntroductionSARS-CoV2 which is a corona virus also predisposes patient to secondary bacterial infection by various mechanisms like-damaging the respiratory epithelium, profoundly affecting the innate and adaptive immunity, antagonising Interferon responses that enhance bacterial adherence, colonisation and invasion to respiratory tissue. In addition, prolonged hospital stay, invasive therapeutic devices, widespread use of empiric antibiotics and most importantly use of immune-suppressants like Steroid or Tocilizumab further increases the chances of bacterial infection. As opposed to this concept-physical distancing, frequent hand washing and use of gloves and protective gear by the healthcare workers also diminishes the chance of secondary bacterial infection. The present study is done to delineate the bacteriological profile, infection site predisposition or to gain knowledge on antibiotic sensitivity pattern.MethodRetrospective data will be analyzed from June 2020, when the first COVID wave came to June 2021, corresponding to second COVID wave. The present study is a pilot study before collecting and analyzing the whole data Only those samples which were positive for bacterial isolates were randomly selected and the COVID status and drug resistance patterns were checked.Results and discussionThe most common organism found was Klebsiella. Acinetobacter was also found in few patients. But most striking finding was that COVID positive patients showed higher incidence of antibiotic resistance with Acinetobacter. Though E Coli was also found commonly in COVID positive patients, they were not drug resistant.ConclusionMDR infections are common in COVID patients. Acinetobacter and Klebsiella are prone to develope MDR infections. While E.Coli is also common in COVID patients, chance of drug resistance is less among them.

scholarly journals Drug resistance pattern analysis of various organisms isolated from neonatal intensive care unit of a tertiary care hospital in Odisha, India

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 678
Author(s):  
Kausik Kumar Sarangi ◽  
Dipti Pattnaik ◽  
Surya Narayan Mishra ◽  
Manas Kumar Nayak ◽  
Jagadananda Jena
Keyword(s):  
Drug Resistance ◽  
Burkholderia Cepacia ◽  
Antibiotic Sensitivity ◽  
Resistance Pattern ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Esbl Production ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Automated Method ◽  
Sensitivity Pattern ◽  
Drug Resistance Pattern

Background: Neonatal septicaemia is characterized by systemic signs and symptoms of generalized bacteraemia with a positive blood culture in the first four weeks of life. This study was designed to detect Multi Drug Resistant pattern from organisms in neonatal septicaemic cases. The aim of the study is to find the antibiotic sensitivity pattern and drug resistance pattern (ESBL, MBL, Carbapenemase, AmpC β-lactamase, MRSA) among the organisms isolated.  Methods: This prospective study was carried out in the Department of Microbiology in association with Dept. of Paediatrics and NICU, of Kalinga Institute of Medical Sciences, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India during the period from November 2012 - April 2014. The study was conducted on 250 patients. The inclusion criteria are neonates with suspected septicaemia, admitted to NICU, of KIMS, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India. Two ml of venous blood from each neonate was collected & cultured by automated method. Phenotypic confirmatory tests for ESBL production and MBL detection was done as per CLSI guideline. MRSA detection was done by Cefoxitin disk (30 mcg) screen test.  Results: All gram positive pathogenic isolates were sensitive to Linezolid, Tigecycline and Vancomycin. Maximum resistance was seen against Benzylpenicilin and Ampicillin. Among the gram-negative isolates maximum antibiotic sensitivity was observed for Tigecycline, Levofloxacin and amikacin & resistance was maximum for cefadroxil and Ampicilin. Among the gram negative bacterial pathogens ESBL production was maximum by E.coli (75%) and Burkholderia cepacia (75%) followed by Enterobacter cloacae (66.7%) and Acinetobacter iwoffi (50%). Metallo- beta- lactamase production was seen maximum in Acinetobacter iwoffi (100%) followed by Burkholderia cepacia (75%). Methicillin resistance was seen maximum by S. epidermidis (58.3%) followed by S. haemolyticus, S. aereus, S. warneri and S. hominis.Conclusions: This study facilitated the screening of MRSA, ESBL and MBL producing pathogens which are an emerging problem. Long term surveillance is needed to combat this emerging global challenge.

scholarly journals Burden of Shigella spp and Vibrio spp, and their antibiotic sensitivity pattern in the patients with acute gastroenteritis in tertiary care hospital in Nepal

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Shiv Kumar Sah ◽  
Shreejana Basnet ◽  
Sushma Shrestha ◽  
Kusum Ghale ◽  
Sabita Tamang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Infection ◽  
Nalidixic Acid ◽  
Acute Gastroenteritis ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Resistance Pattern ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Vibrio Cholera ◽  
Sensitivity Pattern

Abstract Objectives The present study aims to investigate the etiology, clinical profile and resistance pattern of the isolated pathogens in Nepalese adults with acute gastroenteritis. This cross-sectional study was conducted at Sukraraj Tropical and Infectious Disease Hospital, from April 2016 to Sep 2017. Subjects’ ages 14 or above, presenting with gastroenteritis with positive stool culture were enrolled for analysis. Results Of total 153 patients, 47.72% subjects confirmed the presence of bacterial infection. Vibrio cholerae spp and Shigella spp were detected in 36.6% and 23.28% respectively. The most common resistance among Vibrio cholerae was to nitrofurantoin (92.8%), cotrimoxazole (92.8%) and nalidixic acid (92.8%). Among 17 isolates of Shigella spp, the most frequent drug resistant was observed in ampicillin (64.7%), nalidixic acid (58.8%), ceftriaxone (47%). Chloramphenicol (94.1%), tetracycline (88.2%), and cotrimoxazole (82.3%) were found to be the most sensitive towards this pathogen. High rate of diarrhea due to bacterial infection, especially Shigella spp and Vibrio spp and their high rate of drug resistance emphasize an urgent need of designing a surveillance system for antimicrobial resistance in Nepalese setting.

scholarly journals TO STUDY ANTIBIOTIC SENSITIVITY PATTERN OF NONFERMENTATIVE GRAM NEGATIVE BACILLI FROM VARIOUS CLINICAL SAMPLES IN A TERTIARY CARE HOSPITAL, JAIPUR.

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kirti Hemwani ◽  
P. S. Nirwan ◽  
Preeti Shrivastava ◽  
Abhiraj Ramchandani
Keyword(s):  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Antibiotic Sensitivity ◽  
Polymyxin B ◽  
Hospital Environment ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Clinical Samples ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Pathogenic Potential ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Sensitivity Pattern

Background: Nonfermentative gram negative bacilli (NFGNB) frequently considered as commensals or contaminants but the pathogenic potential of nonfermenters has been proved beyond doubt. They are resistant to commonly used antimicrobials. Aim: This study was undertaken to identify the nonfermenters isolated from various clinical samples and to know their Antibiotic sensitivity pattern. Materials and Methods: The present study was carried out on 150 strains of Nonfermenters isolated from 1200 various non repetitive clinical samples received in Department of Microbiology, NIMS Jaipur. Nonfermenters were identified using a standard protocol and their antibiotic susceptibility testing was performed with the help of the modified Bauer disc diffusion method. Results: Out of 150 nonfermenters isolated, Pseudomonas aeruginosa was the most common isolate 134 (89.33%) followed by Acinetobacter baumannii 16 (10.67%). Among all clinical samples Pus and Wound Discharge yield maximum isolates of NFGNB i.e. 54 (36%) % followed by sputum (39.0%). Most sensitive drug against NFGNB was Polymyxin-B (100%) followed by Imipenem (86 %) and Amikacin (71.33 %). Conclusion: Nonfermenters have a great potential to survive in a hospital environment so implementation of antibiotic stewardship programs and strict infection control practices will be required to prevent or slow down their emergence and spread. Keywords:  Nonfermenters,  Polymyxin-B, Pseudomonas, Acinetobacter.

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