scholarly journals Drug resistance pattern analysis of various organisms isolated from neonatal intensive care unit of a tertiary care hospital in Odisha, India

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 678
Author(s):  
Kausik Kumar Sarangi ◽  
Dipti Pattnaik ◽  
Surya Narayan Mishra ◽  
Manas Kumar Nayak ◽  
Jagadananda Jena
Keyword(s):  
Drug Resistance ◽  
Burkholderia Cepacia ◽  
Antibiotic Sensitivity ◽  
Resistance Pattern ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Esbl Production ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Automated Method ◽  
Sensitivity Pattern ◽  
Drug Resistance Pattern

Background: Neonatal septicaemia is characterized by systemic signs and symptoms of generalized bacteraemia with a positive blood culture in the first four weeks of life. This study was designed to detect Multi Drug Resistant pattern from organisms in neonatal septicaemic cases. The aim of the study is to find the antibiotic sensitivity pattern and drug resistance pattern (ESBL, MBL, Carbapenemase, AmpC β-lactamase, MRSA) among the organisms isolated.  Methods: This prospective study was carried out in the Department of Microbiology in association with Dept. of Paediatrics and NICU, of Kalinga Institute of Medical Sciences, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India during the period from November 2012 - April 2014. The study was conducted on 250 patients. The inclusion criteria are neonates with suspected septicaemia, admitted to NICU, of KIMS, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India. Two ml of venous blood from each neonate was collected & cultured by automated method. Phenotypic confirmatory tests for ESBL production and MBL detection was done as per CLSI guideline. MRSA detection was done by Cefoxitin disk (30 mcg) screen test.  Results: All gram positive pathogenic isolates were sensitive to Linezolid, Tigecycline and Vancomycin. Maximum resistance was seen against Benzylpenicilin and Ampicillin. Among the gram-negative isolates maximum antibiotic sensitivity was observed for Tigecycline, Levofloxacin and amikacin & resistance was maximum for cefadroxil and Ampicilin. Among the gram negative bacterial pathogens ESBL production was maximum by E.coli (75%) and Burkholderia cepacia (75%) followed by Enterobacter cloacae (66.7%) and Acinetobacter iwoffi (50%). Metallo- beta- lactamase production was seen maximum in Acinetobacter iwoffi (100%) followed by Burkholderia cepacia (75%). Methicillin resistance was seen maximum by S. epidermidis (58.3%) followed by S. haemolyticus, S. aereus, S. warneri and S. hominis.Conclusions: This study facilitated the screening of MRSA, ESBL and MBL producing pathogens which are an emerging problem. Long term surveillance is needed to combat this emerging global challenge.

scholarly journals A comparative study of Bacterial culture isolates, site of infections and drug resistance pattern between COVID and non COVID patients admitted in a tertiary care hospital: A Pilot study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arup Halder ◽  
Deep Narayan Mukherjee ◽  
Soumyadeep Seal ◽  
Hindol Dasgupta ◽  
Mainak Chakraborty
Keyword(s):  
Drug Resistance ◽  
Pilot Study ◽  
Bacterial Infection ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Antibiotic Sensitivity ◽  
Resistance Pattern ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Secondary Bacterial Infection ◽  
Sensitivity Pattern ◽  
Drug Resistance Pattern

AbstractIntroductionSARS-CoV2 which is a corona virus also predisposes patient to secondary bacterial infection by various mechanisms like-damaging the respiratory epithelium, profoundly affecting the innate and adaptive immunity, antagonising Interferon responses that enhance bacterial adherence, colonisation and invasion to respiratory tissue. In addition, prolonged hospital stay, invasive therapeutic devices, widespread use of empiric antibiotics and most importantly use of immune-suppressants like Steroid or Tocilizumab further increases the chances of bacterial infection. As opposed to this concept-physical distancing, frequent hand washing and use of gloves and protective gear by the healthcare workers also diminishes the chance of secondary bacterial infection. The present study is done to delineate the bacteriological profile, infection site predisposition or to gain knowledge on antibiotic sensitivity pattern.MethodRetrospective data will be analyzed from June 2020, when the first COVID wave came to June 2021, corresponding to second COVID wave. The present study is a pilot study before collecting and analyzing the whole data Only those samples which were positive for bacterial isolates were randomly selected and the COVID status and drug resistance patterns were checked.Results and discussionThe most common organism found was Klebsiella. Acinetobacter was also found in few patients. But most striking finding was that COVID positive patients showed higher incidence of antibiotic resistance with Acinetobacter. Though E Coli was also found commonly in COVID positive patients, they were not drug resistant.ConclusionMDR infections are common in COVID patients. Acinetobacter and Klebsiella are prone to develope MDR infections. While E.Coli is also common in COVID patients, chance of drug resistance is less among them.

scholarly journals TO STUDY ANTIBIOTIC SENSITIVITY PATTERN OF NONFERMENTATIVE GRAM NEGATIVE BACILLI FROM VARIOUS CLINICAL SAMPLES IN A TERTIARY CARE HOSPITAL, JAIPUR.

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kirti Hemwani ◽  
P. S. Nirwan ◽  
Preeti Shrivastava ◽  
Abhiraj Ramchandani
Keyword(s):  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Antibiotic Sensitivity ◽  
Polymyxin B ◽  
Hospital Environment ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Clinical Samples ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Pathogenic Potential ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Sensitivity Pattern

Background: Nonfermentative gram negative bacilli (NFGNB) frequently considered as commensals or contaminants but the pathogenic potential of nonfermenters has been proved beyond doubt. They are resistant to commonly used antimicrobials. Aim: This study was undertaken to identify the nonfermenters isolated from various clinical samples and to know their Antibiotic sensitivity pattern. Materials and Methods: The present study was carried out on 150 strains of Nonfermenters isolated from 1200 various non repetitive clinical samples received in Department of Microbiology, NIMS Jaipur. Nonfermenters were identified using a standard protocol and their antibiotic susceptibility testing was performed with the help of the modified Bauer disc diffusion method. Results: Out of 150 nonfermenters isolated, Pseudomonas aeruginosa was the most common isolate 134 (89.33%) followed by Acinetobacter baumannii 16 (10.67%). Among all clinical samples Pus and Wound Discharge yield maximum isolates of NFGNB i.e. 54 (36%) % followed by sputum (39.0%). Most sensitive drug against NFGNB was Polymyxin-B (100%) followed by Imipenem (86 %) and Amikacin (71.33 %). Conclusion: Nonfermenters have a great potential to survive in a hospital environment so implementation of antibiotic stewardship programs and strict infection control practices will be required to prevent or slow down their emergence and spread. Keywords:  Nonfermenters,  Polymyxin-B, Pseudomonas, Acinetobacter.

scholarly journals Non fermentative gram negative bacilli as nosocomial pathogens: Identification and antibiotic sensitivity in clinical samples of indoor patients

2015 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 101-105 ◽  
Author(s):  
D Sharma ◽  
N Vyas ◽  
P Sinha ◽  
A Mathur
Keyword(s):  
Burkholderia Cepacia ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Antibiotic Sensitivity ◽  
Burkholderia Cepacia Complex ◽  
Clinical Samples ◽  
Sensitivity Testing ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Nosocomial Pathogens ◽  
Sensitivity Pattern ◽  
Medical Icus

Background: Non fermenting gram negative bacilli (NFGNB) are usually considered to be non pathogenic commensals of little significance, however, data suggest that they are remarkable because of antimicrobial resistance; propensity to cause outbreaks and complex epidemiology. This study was conducted to find out the prevalence and sensitivity pattern of NFGNB from various clinical samples.Methods: A total of 519 samples were received from patients suspected of having hospital acquired infections (HAI), admitted in Sawai Man Singh Hospital, Jaipur, India. Organisms grown on culture were subjected to phenotypic identification along with antimicrobial sensitivity testing by Kirby Bauer’s disc diffusion method.Results: Among 366 culture positive samples, 94 (25.6%) NFGNB were isolated. Maximum pevalence prevalence was found in burn ward i.e. 76.7 % followed by surgical wards 71.0%, surgical ICUs 69.6% and medical ICUs 68.0 %. Highest yield was found in pus/wound samples (95.5%) while it was only 23.7% in blood samples. Pseudomonas aeruginosa was the most common isolate (48.9%), followed by Acinetobacter baumannii (33%), Stenotrophomonas maltophilia (13.8%) and Burkholderia cepacia complex (4.3%). P.aeruginosa and A. baumanii strains were most sensitive to Meropenem. S.maltophilia showed maximum sensitivity with ticarcillin/ clavulanic acid and B. cepacia complex with Piperacillin/ Tazobactam.Conclusion: Isolation of NFGNB and their antibiotic susceptibility pattern should be regarded with all seriousness in clinical practice and epidemiology because they are emerging nosocomial pathogens and by being resistant to multiple antibiotics, their prevalence not only limits the treatment options but also act as a reservoir of drug resistance genes.Nepal Journal of Medical Sciences Vol.3(2) 2014: 101-105

scholarly journals Neonatal Bacterial Sepsis and Its Susceptibility Pattern in Neonatal Care Unit of Tertiary Care Hospital

2020 ◽  
pp. 106-111
Author(s):  
Abdul Hameed Tunio ◽  
Delijan Mugheri ◽  
Muhammad Khan ◽  
Wasim Sarwar Bhatti ◽  
Abdul Majeed Soomro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Neonatal Sepsis ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Antibiotic Sensitivity ◽  
Resistance Pattern ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Gram Positive ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Gram Positive Bacteria

Background: The drug resistance and pathogens are different in various Hospitals of any country. Very high resistance pattern is observed nowadays to the frequently used antibiotics. The important observation has been noted that most of the doctors do not obtain blood cultures before start of the antibiotics, which becomes competent source of resistance. For the same purpose, this study has been done to find out the responsible microbes causing ailment and their susceptibility towards antibiotics to plan early and effective management. Materials and Methods: A number of 100 new borns admitted in the NICU CMC Children Hospital Larkana with signs and symptoms of sepsis were included in this research work. The study will help in provision of a comprehensive record on microorganisms causing sepsis in the neonates and their antibiotic sensitivity. The epidemiology and presence of neonatal sepsis in particular area makes it more easy and convenient to implement the rationale of empirical antibiotic strategy. Results: From100 neonatal blood samples taken for culture, only 21 proved to be positive which stands 21%. In majority gram positive bacteria were found in (85.71%=18 cases) and gram negative bacteria stood (14.28%=3 cases).Staphylococcus species were found on the large scale (52.38%=11 cases) secondly Streptococcus species (33.33%=7 cases) and the remaining were Escherichia species being least common (14.28%=3 cases). Conclusion: Staphylococcus species provided major share as gram positive bacteria and Escherichia species were found to be major gram negative bacterial population responsible for neonatal sepsis. Profound resistance pattern is seen against widely used antibiotics. It is mandatory to have a routine check over the antibiotic resistance.

scholarly journals Bacterial etiology and antimicrobial susceptibility pattern of neonatal sepsis at a tertiary care hospital in Nepal

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (5) ◽  
pp. 830
Author(s):  
Kiran Sharma ◽  
Love Kumar Sah ◽  
Prince Pareek ◽  
Sanjay Shah ◽  
Reema Garegrat
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Neonatal Sepsis ◽  
Late Onset ◽  
Antibiotic Sensitivity ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Common Organism ◽  
Early Onset Sepsis ◽  
Sensitivity Pattern ◽  
Gram Negative Organisms

Background: Sepsis is the second major cause of mortality among neonates. Present study was done to identify the common organisms which cause early and late onset neonatal sepsis in neonates admitted in our department and their antibiotic sensitivity patterns.Methods: All neonates weighing more than 1500 gms and born to mothers with pre-existing infection, admitted to neonatal intensive care unit for suspected neonatal sepsis were included in the present study. They underwent blood culture and antibiotic sensitivity profiling.Results: 210 newborns were admitted to the NICU of our department for suspected neonatal sepsis. Longer duration of rupture of membranes was found to be significantly associated with growth of organisms. Amongst the cases with gram positive organisms, most were due to Coagulase-negative staphylococci (CoNS) (n=25), followed by Staphylococcus aureus (n=14), and, Enterococcus (n=4). Gram negative organisms isolated constituted 17 organisms. Amongst the cases with gram negative organisms, mostly were due to Klebsiella (n=10), followed by Pseudomonas (n=5) and E. coli (n=2). The most common organism causing early onset sepsis was CoNS, while Staphylococcus aureus was the most common organism causing late onset sepsis. CoNS was fully sensitive to Vancomycin and Amikacin. Staphylococcus aureus was fully sensitive to Amikacin, α-hemolytic. Streptococcus were sensitive to Amikacin, Vancomycin and Piperacillin and Tazobactum and Enterococcus was sensitive to Amikacin and Vancomycin.Conclusions: Antimicrobial surveillance of neonatal septicaemia is required to know the antibiotic sensitivity pattern and thus to formulate policies on use of antibiotics and to know the changing spectrum of antimicrobial sensitivity patterns.

scholarly journals Plasmid profile and drug resistance pattern of zoonotic Salmonella isolates from Indian buffaloes

2010 ◽  
Vol 4 (08) ◽  
pp. 477-483 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bhoj Raj Singh ◽  
Meenu Agarwal ◽  
Mudit Chandra ◽  
Meena Verma ◽  
Gautam Sharma ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drug Resistance ◽  
Multiple Drug Resistance ◽  
Antibiotic Sensitivity ◽  
Plasmid Profile ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Resistance Pattern ◽  
Multiple Drug ◽  
Virulence Plasmid ◽  
Buffalo Meat ◽  
Drug Resistance Pattern

Background: Buffalo is the major source of animal protein in south-east Asia, including India; therefore, the presence of multiple drug resistance in Salmonella strains of buffalo meat and milk products is of immense public health concern. Methodology: Forty-six strains of Salmonella enterica subspecies enterica  belonging to eight serovars (S. Anatum, 13; S. Weltevreden, 13; S. Rostock, 6; S. Typhimurium, 5; S. Gallinarum, 5; S. Stockholm, 1; S. Dublin, 1; and S. Orion, 2), isolated from buffalo meat and diseased buffaloes were studied for their antibiotic sensitivity and plasmid profile. Results: All except six strains of Salmonella had one or more plasmids. Virulence plasmid of ~35MdA was present in 39 isolates while 19 strains had one to six additional plasmids with molecular weight ranging from 1 Mda > 35 Mda. A plasmid-free S. Anatum strain was resistant to seven drugs including fluoroquinolones, while strains having six to seven plasmids were resistant to fewer antimicrobial drugs. One S. Anatum isolate, resistant to 11 antibiotics, had only one plasmid. Eight serovars of Salmonella could be divided into 28 resistotypes on the basis of antimicrobial sensitivity assay. Most strains were resistant to streptomycin (84.8%) followed by kanamycin (58.7%), gentamicin (52.2%), ampicillin (50%) and oxytetracycline (50%). Few strains were resistant to cefotaxime (2.2%), amoxycillin (2.2%) and newer fluoroquinolones (6.5%). Conclusion: Multiple drug resistance was common among Salmonella isolates of buffalo origin, particularly against aminoglycosides, oxytetracycin, ampicillin and cephalexin. Presence of plasmids is not mandatory for occurrence of multiple drug resistance in S. enterica strains.

scholarly journals Bacteriological Profile and Antibiogram of Blood Culture Isolates from Clinically Suspected Septicemic Cases in A Tertiary Care Hospital Shahjahanpur, UP, India

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 244-251
Author(s):  
Jitendra Kumar Chaudhary
Keyword(s):  
Klebsiella Pneumoniae ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Antibiotic Sensitivity ◽  
Polymyxin B ◽  
Blood Stream ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Sensitivity Pattern ◽  
Appropriate Therapy ◽  
Pathogenic Agents

Blood stream infections mainly by Bacteremia leading to septicemia were the major cause of life threatening sepsis in hospitalized patients. There should be required rapid diagnosis of pathogenic agents and immediate appropriate therapy. These help to decrease of multidrug resistance cases and also morbidity and mortality. During one year period, total 192 blood samples were processed in microbiology laboratory according to standard protocols. Out of 192 samples, 21 were isolated positive and antibiotic sensitivity patterns were performed according to standard CLSI guidelines. The total 10.94% (21/192) were identified as culture positive of these 66.67% were Gram negative and 28.57% Gram positive and 04.76% Candida species. The gram negative bacteria were predominant isolates. The Klebsiella pneumoniae was 100% sensitivity to Ceftazidime, Cefepime, Amikacin, Gentamycin and Aztreonam. All non-fermenter isolates were 100% sensitivity to Ceftazidime, Cefepime, Amikacin, Colistin and Polymyxin-B. Vancomycin sensitivity was seen 100% to all grams positive isolates. Bacteremia was most common causes of septicemia; the most predominant pathogenic agent was Klebsiella pneumoniae in our study. Surveillance of pathogenic agents and their antibiotics sensitivity pattern should be required to reduce drug resistance and for selection of appropriate therapy.

scholarly journals Bacterial profile and multi-drug resistance pattern of bacterial isolates among septicemia suspected cases: a meta-analysis report in Ethiopia

2021 ◽  
Vol 45 (3) ◽  
pp. 167-178
Author(s):  
Mengistu Abayneh ◽  
Shewangizaw HaileMariam ◽  
Molla Asnake
Keyword(s):  
Drug Resistance ◽  
Blood Culture ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Multi Drug Resistance ◽  
Resistance Pattern ◽  
Bacterial Isolates ◽  
Gram Positive ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Drug Resistance Pattern ◽  
Culture Positive

Abstract Background Bloodstream infections (BSIs) are one of the most common infections seen in all age groups and in all locations. The current knowledge on the patterns of bacterial profile, and its antibiotic resistance are essential to design and implement appropriate interventions. This study was conducted to assess the prevalence and multi-drug resistance pattern of bacterial isolates among septicemia and/or bacteremia suspected cases in Ethiopia. Methods Searching was conducted in databases of PubMed, Research Gate, Scopus and Google Scholar. In addition, manual searching is also conducted in bibliographies of included studies and in other meta-analysis studies. Required data were extracted from articles published up to 2020 on the bacterial profile of septicemia in Ethiopia, and analyzed using comprehensive meta-analysis version 3.3.0 software. Results A total of 5,823 septicemia suspected cases were extracted from 18 included studies and the overall blood culture positive rate of 31.9% (95% CI: 0.261–0.382). Of these, the overall Gram positive and Gram negative isolates was 57.8% (95% CI: 0.534–0.584) and 42.2% (95% CI: 0.416–0.466), respectively. Among Gram positives, predominantly reported isolates was Staphylococcus  aureus (47.9%: 480 of 1,003), followed by Coagulase-Negative Staphylococcus (42.7%: 428 of 1,003), whereas among Gram negatives, the most frequently reported isolates was Klebsiella species (29.8%: 218 of 731), followed by Escherichia  coli (23.1%: 169 of 731). Significant levels of resistance was reported against ampicillin, amoxicillin, ceftriaxone, co-trimoxazole and tetracycline with a pooled resistance range of 40.6–55.3% in Gram positive and 52.8–85.7% in Gram negative isolates. The pooled estimates of multi-drugs resistance (MDR) was (66.8%) among Gram positives and (80.5%) among Gram negatives, with the overall MDR rate of (74.2%). Conclusions The reported blood culture positive rates among septicemia cases were relatively high. Second, the level of drug and multi-drug resistant isolates against commonly prescribed antibiotics was significant. However, the scarcity of data on culture confirmed septicemia cases as well as patterns of antimicrobial resistance may overshadow the problem.

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