scholarly journals A multifaceted ecological assessment reveals the invasion of the freshwater red macroalga Montagnia macrospora (Batrachospermales, Rhodophyta) in Taiwan

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Silvia Fontana ◽  
Lan-Wei Yeh ◽  
Shing Hei Zhan ◽  
Shao-Lun Liu
Keyword(s):  
South America ◽  
Asexual Reproduction ◽  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Population Genetic ◽  
Freshwater Ecosystems ◽  
Total Evidence ◽  
Freshwater Algae ◽  
Population Genetic Analysis ◽  
Wide Range

Invasive freshwater macroalgae are rarely described. Recently, a freshwater red alga, Montagnia macrospora, was introduced from South America to East Asia via the global aquarium trade. The earliest reported occurrence of this alga in Taiwan was dated 2005. To determine whether or not M. macrospora has become an invasive species in Taiwan and to understand its traits that facilitated its invasion, we took a total-evidence approach that combines ecological background examination and population genetic analysis. Our island-wide survey showed that this alga is widespread in the field in Taiwan, where the climate greatly differs from that of South America. Our population genetic analyses showed that the cox2-3 sequences were identical in all the samples of M. macrospora from Taiwan, consistent with our observations that the alga mainly expanded through asexual reproduction. Furthermore, our long-term ecological assessments and field observations revealed that M. macrospora can grow under a wide range of environmental conditions (e.g., temperature, pH, and light conditions), self-sustain for nearly a decade, and bloom in polluted waters. Taken together, these data suggest that M. macrospora has successfully invaded the freshwater ecosystems in Taiwan due to its ability to undergo asexual reproduction and to self-sustain under broad environmental conditions. We hope that our study brings attention to invasive freshwater algae, which have been overlooked in conservation planning and management.

scholarly journals A multifaceted ecological assessment reveals the invasion of the freshwater red macroalga Montagnia macrospora (Batrachospermales, Rhodophyta) in Taiwan

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Silvia Fontana ◽  
Lanwai Yeh ◽  
Shing Hei Zhan ◽  
Shao-Lun Liu
Keyword(s):  
South America ◽  
Genetic Analysis ◽  
Population Genetic ◽  
Ecological Assessment ◽  
Freshwater Ecosystems ◽  
Total Evidence ◽  
Freshwater Algae ◽  
Population Genetic Analysis ◽  
Field Surveys

Invasive freshwater macroalgae are rarely described. Recently, a freshwater red alga, Montagnia macrospora, was introduced from South America to East Asia via the global aquarium trade. The earliest occurrence record of this alga in Taiwan is dated 2005. To determine whether M. macrospora has become an invasive species in Taiwan and to understand its traits that facilitated its invasion, we took a total-evidence approach that combines examination of ecological background and population genetic analysis. Our island-wide survey showed that M. macrospora alga was widespread in the field across Taiwan, where the climate greatly differs from that of South America. Our population genetic analysis revealed that the cox2-3 sequences of all the specimens of M. macrospora from Taiwan were identical, consistent with the hypothesis that the alga expanded through asexual reproduction. Moreover, during our long-term ecological assessments and field surveys, we observed that M. macrospora is an ecological generalist that can self-sustain for a decade and bloom. Taken together, our data suggest that M. macrospora has successfully invaded the freshwater ecosystems in Taiwan due to its ability to disperse asexually and to grow under broad environmental conditions. We hope that our study brings attention to invasive freshwater algae, which have been overlooked in conservation planning and management.

Analysis of high yielding maize production - a study based on a commercial crop

2008 ◽  
Vol 48 (3) ◽  
pp. 296 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. J. Birch ◽  
G. McLean ◽  
A. Sawers
Keyword(s):  
Retrospective Analysis ◽  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Sowing Date ◽  
Plant Population ◽  
Higher Plant ◽  
Maize Crop ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Commercial Crop ◽  
Reduced Temperature

This paper reports on the use of APSIM – Maize for retrospective analysis of performance of a high input, high yielding maize crop and analysis of predicted performance of maize grown with high inputs over the long-term (>100 years) for specified scenarios of environmental conditions (temperature and radiation) and agronomic inputs (sowing date, plant population, nitrogen fertiliser and irrigation) at Boort, Victoria, Australia. It uses a high yielding (17 400 kg/ha dry grain, 20 500 kg/ha at 15% water) commercial crop grown in 2004–05 as the basis of the study. Yield for the agronomic and environmental conditions of 2004–05 was predicted accurately, giving confidence that the model could be used for the detailed analyses undertaken. The analysis showed that the yield achieved was close to that possible with the conditions and agronomic inputs of 2004–05. Sowing dates during 21 September to 26 October had little effect on predicted yield, except when combined with reduced temperature. Single year and long-term analyses concluded that a higher plant population (11 plants/m2) is needed to optimise yield, but that slightly lower N and irrigation inputs are appropriate for the plant population used commercially (8.4 plants/m2). Also, compared with changes in agronomic inputs increases in temperature and/or radiation had relatively minor effects, except that reduced temperature reduces predicted yield substantially. This study provides an approach for the use of models for both retrospective analysis of crop performance and assessment of long-term variability of crop yield under a wide range of agronomic and environmental conditions.

scholarly journals Population genetic analysis of Caiman crocodilus (Linnaeus, 1758) from South America

2006 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
pp. 220-230 ◽  
Author(s):  
William R. Vasconcelos ◽  
Tomas Hrbek ◽  
Ronis da Silveira ◽  
Benoit de Thoisy ◽  
Boris Marioni ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
South America ◽  
Genetic Analysis ◽  
Population Genetic ◽  
Population Genetic Analysis ◽  
Caiman Crocodilus

scholarly journals Population genetic analysis reveals a long-term decline of a threatened endemic Australian marsupial

2009 ◽  
Vol 18 (16) ◽  
pp. 3346-3362 ◽  
Author(s):  
BIRGITA D. HANSEN ◽  
DANIEL K. P. HARLEY ◽  
DAVID B. LINDENMAYER ◽  
ANDREA C. TAYLOR
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Analysis ◽  
Population Genetic ◽  
Population Genetic Analysis ◽  
Australian Marsupial

A simple device for field studies of animal activity

1983 ◽  
Vol 61 (6) ◽  
pp. 1401-1404 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lucius Stebbins ◽  
David Daisley
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Simple Device ◽  
Electronic Components ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Animal Activity

A reliable and simple device suitable for long-term recording of activity in natural environmental conditions is described. It is inexpensive to make, assembled with standard electronic components, and adaptable for a wide range of animal sizes. Instructions for assembly which can be interpreted with a minimum of electronics knowledge and parts lists with catalog numbers for a common Canadian electronics retailer are provided.

Diversity and Integration in Private International Law

2019 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
South America ◽  
International Law ◽  
Value Systems ◽  
Private International Law ◽  
Diverse Range ◽  
Cross Border ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Depth Analysis ◽  
And Shifts ◽  
Substantive Law

This book opens a cross-regional dialogue and shifts the Eurocentric discussion on diversity and integration to a more inclusive engagement with South America in private international law issues. It promotes a contemporary vision of private international law as a discipline enabling legal interconnectivity, with the potential to transcend its disciplinary boundaries to further promote the reality of cross-border integration, with its focus on the ever-increasing cross-border mobility of individuals. Private international law embraces legal diversity and pluralism. Different legal traditions continue to meet, interact and integrate in different forms, at the national, regional and international levels. Different systems of substantive law couple with divergent systems of private international law (designed to accommodate the former in cross-border situations). This complex legal landscape impacts individuals and families in cross-border scenarios, and international commerce broadly conceived. Private international law methodologies and techniques offer means for the coordination of this constellation of legal orders and value systems in cross-border situations. Bringing together world-renowned academics and experienced private international lawyers from a wide range of jurisdictions in Europe and South America, this edited collection focuses on the connective capabilities of private international law in bridging and balancing legal diversity as a corollary for the development of integration. The book provides in-depth analysis of the role of private international law in dealing with legal diversity across a diverse range of topics and jurisdictions.

Modern prevention and active longevity programs on the basis of disruptive domestic technologies: positive experience and prospects for application

2020 ◽  
pp. 66-73
Author(s):  
A. Simonova ◽  
S. Chudakov ◽  
R. Gorenkov ◽  
V. Egorov ◽  
A. Gostry ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Personalized Medicine ◽  
Early Detection ◽  
Laboratory Diagnostics ◽  
Positive Experience ◽  
Practical Application ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Integrated Program ◽  
Long Term Experience ◽  
Early Detection And Prevention

The article summarizes the long-term experience of practical application of domestic breakthrough technologies of preventive personalized medicine for laboratory diagnostics of a wide range of socially significant non-infectious diseases. Conceptual approaches to the formation of an integrated program for early detection and prevention of civilization diseases based on these technologies are given. A vision of the prospects for the development of this area in domestic and foreign medicine has been formed.

To the 70th anniversary of World Meteorological Organization. Scientific and technical cooperation of Hydrometeorological Center of the USSR/Russia in the Programs of World Meteorological Organization

2020 ◽  
pp. 117-138
Author(s):  
S.V. Borshch ◽  
◽  
R.M. Vil’fand ◽  
D.B. Kiktev ◽  
V.M. Khan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Monitoring ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
World Meteorological Organization ◽  
70Th Anniversary ◽  
Technical Level ◽  
Technical Cooperation ◽  
Wide Range

The paper presents the summary and results of long-term and multi-faceted experience of international scientific and technical cooperation of Hydrometeorological Center of Russia in the field of hydrometeorology and environmental monitoring within the framework of WMO programs, which indicates its high efficiency in performing a wide range of works at a high scientific and technical level. Keywords: World Meteorological Organization, major WMO programs, representatives of Hydrometeorological Center of Russia in WMO

Research on the Economic Organization Environmental Impact

2017 ◽  
Vol 68 (3) ◽  
pp. 599-601
Author(s):  
Dan Paul Stefanescu ◽  
Oana Roxana Chivu ◽  
Claudiu Babis ◽  
Augustin Semenescu ◽  
Alina Gligor
Keyword(s):  
Economic Activity ◽  
Economic Organization ◽  
Economic Activities ◽  
Environmental Implications ◽  
Minimal Impact ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Material Environment ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Harmful Effects

Any economic activity carried out by an organization, can generate a wide range of environmental implications. Particularly important, must be considered the activities that have a significant negative effect on the environment, meaning those which pollute. Being known the harmful effects of pollution on the human health, the paper presents two models of utmost importance, one of the material environment-economy interactions balance and the other of the material flows between environmental factors and socio-economic activities. The study of these models enable specific conditions that must be satisfied for the economic processes friendly coexist to the environment for long term, meaning to have a minimal impact in that the residues resulting from the economic activity of the organization to be as less harmful to the environment.

Long-term Effects of Triazol Growth Regulators on Stem Elongation of Rhododendron and Kalmia

HortScience ◽  
1997 ◽  
Vol 32 (3) ◽  
pp. 436E-436
Author(s):  
Martin P.N. Gent
Keyword(s):  
Dose Response ◽  
Growth Regulator ◽  
Stem Elongation ◽  
Spray Application ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Potted Plants ◽  
Response Coefficient ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Second Year

The persistence of effects of paclobutrazol or uniconazol on stem elongation was determined for several years after large-leaf Rhododendron and Kalmia latifolia were treated with a single-spray application of these triazol growth-regulator chemicals. Potted plants were treated in the second year from propagation, and transplanted into the field in the following spring. The elongation of stems was measured in the year of application and in the following 2 to 4 years. Treatments with a wide range of doses were applied in 1991, 1992, or 1995. For all except the most-dilute applications, stem elongation was retarded in the year following application. At the highest doses, stem growth was inhibited 2 years following application. The results could be explained by a model of growth regulator action that assumed stem elongation was inversely related to amount of growth regulator applied. The dose response coefficient for paclobutrazol was less than that for uniconazol. The dose that inhibited stem elongation one-half as much as a saturating dose was about 0.5 and 0.05 mg/plant, for paclobutrazol and uniconazol, respectively. The dose response coefficient decreased exponentially with time after application, with an exponential time constant of about 2/year. The model predicted a dose of growth regulator that inhibited 0.9 of stem elongation immediately after application would continue to inhibit 0.5 of stem elongation in the following year.

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