scholarly journals Genomic insights into the population history and biological adaptation of Southwestern Chinese Hmong-Mien people

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yan Yan Liu ◽  
Mengge Wang ◽  
Changhui Liu ◽  
Jingrong Zhu ◽  
Xing Zou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dietary Habits ◽  
Evolutionary Genetics ◽  
Population History ◽  
Genomic Diversity ◽  
Genetic Admixture ◽  
Adaptive Landscape ◽  
The North ◽  
Biological Adaptation ◽  
Pilot Work ◽  
Sharing Patterns

Hmong-Mien-speaking (HM) populations, widely distributed in South China, North of Thailand, Laos and Vietnam, have experienced different settlement environments, dietary habits and pathogen exposure. However, their specific biological adaptation also remained largely uncharacterized, which is important in the population evolutionary genetics and Trans-Omics for regional Precision Medicine. Besides, the origin and genetic diversity of HM people and their phylogenetic relationship with surrounding modern and ancient populations are unknown. Here, we reported genome-wide SNPs in 52 representative Miao people and combined them with 144 HM people from 13 geographically representative populations to characterize the full genetic admixture and adaptive landscape of HM speakers. We found that obvious genetic substructures existed in geographically different HM populations and also identified one new ancestral lineage specifically exited in HM people, which spatially distributed from Sichuan and Guizhou in the North to Thailand in the South and temporally dated to at least 500 years. The sharing patterns of the newly-identified homogeneous ancestry component combined the estimated admixture times via the decay of Linkage Disequilibrium and haplotype sharing in GLOBETROTTER suggested that the modern HM-speaking populations originated from Southwest China and migrated southward recently, which is consistent with the reconstructed phenomena of linguistic and archeological documents. Additionally, we identified specific adaptive signatures associated with several important human nervous system biological functions. Our pilot work emphasized the importance of anthropologically-informed sampling and deeply genetic structure reconstruction via whole-genome sequencing in the next step in the deep Chinese population genomic diversity project (CPGDP), especially in the ethnolinguistic regions.

scholarly journals Genomic Insights Into the Population History and Biological Adaptation of Southwestern Chinese Hmong–Mien People

2022 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yan Liu ◽  
Jie Xie ◽  
Mengge Wang ◽  
Changhui Liu ◽  
Jingrong Zhu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dietary Habits ◽  
Evolutionary Genetics ◽  
Population History ◽  
Genomic Diversity ◽  
Genetic Admixture ◽  
Adaptive Landscape ◽  
The North ◽  
Biological Adaptation ◽  
Pilot Work ◽  
Sharing Patterns

Hmong–Mien (HM) -speaking populations, widely distributed in South China, the north of Thailand, Laos, and Vietnam, have experienced different settlement environments, dietary habits, and pathogenic exposure. However, their specific biological adaptation remained largely uncharacterized, which is important in the population evolutionary genetics and Trans-Omics for regional Precision Medicine. Besides, the origin and genetic diversity of HM people and their phylogenetic relationship with surrounding modern and ancient populations are also unknown. Here, we reported genome-wide SNPs in 52 representative Miao people and combined them with 144 HM people from 13 geographically representative populations to characterize the full genetic admixture and adaptive landscape of HM speakers. We found that obvious genetic substructures existed in geographically different HM populations; one localized in the HM clines, and others possessed affinity with Han Chinese. We also identified one new ancestral lineage specifically existed in HM people, which spatially distributed from Sichuan and Guizhou in the north to Thailand in the south. The sharing patterns of the newly identified homogenous ancestry component combined the estimated admixture times via the decay of linkage disequilibrium and haplotype sharing in GLOBETROTTER suggested that the modern HM-speaking populations originated from Southwest China and migrated southward in the historic period, which is consistent with the reconstructed phenomena of linguistic and archeological documents. Additionally, we identified specific adaptive signatures associated with several important human nervous system biological functions. Our pilot work emphasized the importance of anthropologically informed sampling and deeply genetic structure reconstruction via whole-genome sequencing in the next step in the deep Chinese Population Genomic Diversity Project (CPGDP), especially in the regions with rich ethnolinguistic diversity.

Eating NAFTA

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alyshia Gálvez
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Chronic Disease ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Food System ◽  
Dietary Habits ◽  
Trade Agreement ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Health Crisis ◽  
The North ◽  
The World

In the two decades since the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) went into effect, Mexico has seen an epidemic of diet-related illness. While globalization has been associated with an increase in chronic disease around the world, in Mexico, the speed and scope of the rise has been called a public health emergency. The shift in Mexican foodways is happening at a moment when the country’s ancestral cuisine is now more popular and appreciated around the world than ever. What does it mean for their health and well-being when many Mexicans eat fewer tortillas and more instant noodles, while global elites demand tacos made with handmade corn tortillas? This book examines the transformation of the Mexican food system since NAFTA and how it has made it harder for people to eat as they once did. The book contextualizes NAFTA within Mexico’s approach to economic development since the Revolution, noticing the role envisioned for rural and low-income people in the path to modernization. Examination of anti-poverty and public health policies in Mexico reveal how it has become easier for people to consume processed foods and beverages, even when to do so can be harmful to health. The book critiques Mexico’s strategy for addressing the public health crisis generated by rising rates of chronic disease for blaming the dietary habits of those whose lives have been upended by the economic and political shifts of NAFTA.

scholarly journals Multiple recolonization routes towards the north: population history of the Fennoscandian red fox (Vulpes vulpes)

2018 ◽  
Vol 124 (4) ◽  
pp. 621-632 ◽  
Author(s):  
Johan Wallén ◽  
Mark J Statham ◽  
Erik Ågren ◽  
Marja Isomursu ◽  
Øystein Flagstad ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vulpes Vulpes ◽  
Red Fox ◽  
Population History ◽  
The North ◽  
History Of

scholarly journals Childhood involvement in family food preparation and shopping and attitudes towards food: baseline results from Project Daire

2020 ◽  
Vol 79 (OCE2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah F. Brennan ◽  
Fiona Lavelle ◽  
Sarah E. Moore ◽  
Moira Dean ◽  
Michelle C. McKinley ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Primary Schools ◽  
Dietary Habits ◽  
Food Preparation ◽  
Total N ◽  
North West ◽  
The North ◽  
Food Shopping ◽  
Chi Squared ◽  
Randomised Controlled ◽  
Food Involvement

AbstractEvidence suggests that dietary intake of UK children is currently suboptimal. It is therefore imperative to identify effective and sustainable methods of improving dietary habits and knowledge in this population, whilst also promoting the value of healthiness of food products beyond price. Schools are ideally placed to influence children's knowledge and health, and Project Daire, in partnership with schools, food industry partners and stakeholders, aims to improve children's knowledge of, and interest in, food to improve health, wellbeing and educational attainment.Daire is a randomised-controlled, factorial design trial evaluating two interventions. In total, n = 880 Key Stage (KS) 1 and 2 pupils have been recruited from 18 primary schools in the North West of Northern Ireland and will be randomised to one of four 6-month intervention arms: i) ‘Engage’, ii) ‘Nourish’, iii) ‘Engage’ and ‘Nourish’ and iv) Delayed. ‘Engage’ is an age-appropriate, cross-curricular educational intervention on food, agriculture, science and careers linked to the current curriculum. ‘Nourish’ is an intervention aiming to alter schools’ food environments and increase exposure to local foods. Study outcomes include food knowledge, attitudes, trust, diet, behaviour, health and wellbeing and will be collected at baseline and six months. Qualitative data on teacher/pupil opinions will also be collected. The intervention phase is currently ongoing. We present baseline results from our involvement and food attitudes measure from all participating schools. Results were compared by Key Stage and sex using Pearson Chi-Squared test.Baseline results from our food involvement and attitudes measure are presented for n = 880 KS1 (n = 454) and KS2 (n = 426) pupils. KS1 pupils were more likely to always or sometimes help with food shopping (89.0%) whilst KS2 pupils were more likely to always or sometimes help with food preparation (69.0%). A higher proportion of KS1 pupils reported liking to try new foods (66.1%) and that it was important that food looked (64.5%), tasted (71.1%) and smelled good (60.6%) compared with KS2 children (P < 0.01). Girls were more likely to always or sometimes help with food shopping (96.2%) and preparation (73%) when compared with boys; whilst a higher proportion of girls reported they liked to try new foods (48.2%) and that it was important that food looked (68%) smelled (50.5%) and tasted (71.8%) good compared with boys (P < 0.01).Results suggest that involvement in food preparation and shopping, willingness to try new foods and attitudes towards food presentation varied by KS and sex in this cohort.

scholarly journals Conservation genomics of an Australian orchid complex with implications for the taxonomic and conservation status of Corybas dowlingii

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Natascha D. Wagner ◽  
Mark A. Clements ◽  
Lalita Simpson ◽  
Katharina Nargar
Keyword(s):  
Species Complex ◽  
Conservation Status ◽  
Taxonomic Status ◽  
Genomic Diversity ◽  
Hybrid Origin ◽  
Genetic Admixture ◽  
Conservation Genomics ◽  
Closely Related Species ◽  
Genomic Signatures ◽  
Genetic Position

AbstractThis study assessed genomic diversity in an Australian species complex in the helmet orchids to clarify taxonomic delimitation and conservation status of the threatened species Corybas dowlingii, a narrow endemic from southeast Australia. Taxonomic delimitation between the three closely related species C. aconitiflorus, C. barbarae, and C. dowlingii has been mainly based on floral traits which exhibit varying degrees of overlap, rendering species delimitation in the complex difficult. Genomic data for the species complex was generated using double-digest restriction-site associated DNA (ddRAD) sequencing. Maximum likelihood, NeighborNet, and Bayesian structure analyses showed genetic differentiation within the species complex and retrieved genomic signatures consistent with hybridisation and introgression between C. aconitiflorus and C. barbarae, and an intermediate genetic position of C. dowlingii indicating a hybrid origin of the species. The genetic structure analysis showed varying levels of genetic admixture for several C. aconitiflorus, C. barbarae, and C. dowlingii samples, thus further corroborating the presence of hybridisation and introgression within the species complex. The taxonomic status of C. dowlingii D.L.Jones was revised to C. × dowlingii D.L.Jones stat. nov. to reflect its hybrid origin. The conservation status of C. × dowlingii was assessed based on key ecological and ethical aspects, and recommendations made regarding its conservation status in Australian conservation legislation.

scholarly journals Tracing the biogeographical origin of South Asian populations using DNA SatNav

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ranajit Das ◽  
Priyanka Upadhyai
Keyword(s):  
Population Structure ◽  
South Asian ◽  
South India ◽  
Indian Subcontinent ◽  
Population History ◽  
Genetic Admixture ◽  
Indian Populations ◽  
Asian Populations ◽  
South Indian ◽  
North And South

AbstractThe Indian subcontinent includes India, Bangladesh, Pakistan, Nepal, Bhutan, and Sri Lanka that collectively share common anthropological and cultural roots. Given the enigmatic population structure, complex history and genetic heterogeneity of populations from this region, their biogeographical origin and history remain a fascinating question. In this study we carried out an in-depth genetic comparison of the five South Asian populations available in the 1000 Genomes Project, namely Gujarati Indians from Houston, Texas (GIH), Punjabis from Lahore (PJL), Indian Telugus from UK (ITU), Sri Lankan Tamils from UK (STU) and Bengalis from Bangladesh (BEB), tracing their putative biogeographical origin using a DNA SatNav algorithm - Geographical Population Structure (GPS). GPS positioned >70% of GIH and PJL genomes in North India and >80% of ITU and STU samples in South India. All South Asian genomes appeared to be assigned with reasonable accuracy, along trade routes that thrived in the ancient Mauryan Empire, which had played a significant role in unifying the Indian subcontinent and in the process brought the ancient North and South Indian populations in close proximity, promoting admixture between them, ~2300 years before present (YBP). Our findings suggest that the genetic admixture between ancient North and South Indian populations likely first occurred along the Godavari and Krishna river basin in Central-South India. Finally our biogeographical analyses provide critical insights into the population history and sociocultural forces driving migration patterns that may have been instrumental in shaping the population structure of the Indian subcontinent.

scholarly journals Whales and Men: genetic inferences uncover a detailed history of hunting in bowhead whale

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
TB Hoareau
Keyword(s):  
Population Change ◽  
Natural Populations ◽  
Late Glacial ◽  
Population History ◽  
Bowhead Whale ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Arctic Seas ◽  
The North ◽  
Time Calibration ◽  
History Of

AbstractAfter millennia of hunting and a population collapse, it is still challenging to understand the genetic consequences of whaling on the circumarctic bowhead whale. Here I use published modern mtDNA sequences from the Bering-Chukchi-Beaufort population and a new time calibration to show that late–glacial climate changes and whaling have been the major drivers of population change. Cultures that hunted in the Arctic Seas from as early as 5000 years ago appear to be responsible for successive declines of the population growth, bringing the effective size down to 38% of its pristine population size. The Thules and the Basques (year 1000–1730) who only hunted in the North Atlantic had a major impact on this North Pacific population, indicating that bowhead whale stocks respond to harvesting as a single population unit. Recent positive growth is inferred only after the end of commercial whaling in 1915, and for levels of harvesting that are close to the current annual quota of 67 whales. By unfolding the population history of the bowhead whale, I provide compelling evidence that mtDNA yields critical yet undervalued information for management and conservation of natural populations.

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