scholarly journals White matter changes in focal to bilateral tonic-clonic seizures

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christina F Maher ◽  
Arkiev D'Souza ◽  
Rui Zeng ◽  
Michael Barnett ◽  
Omid F Kavehei ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
White Matter ◽  
Focal Epilepsy ◽  
Univariate Analysis ◽  
Predictive Biomarker ◽  
Automated Image Analysis ◽  
Analysis Of Covariance ◽  
White Matter Changes ◽  
Clonic Seizures ◽  
Subcortical Regions ◽  
And Control

Objective: A better understanding of the mechanistic underpinnings of focal to bilateral tonic-clonic seizures (FBTCS) would aid treatment decisions, and improve disease management for drug-refractory patients. We sought to examine the microstructural white matter differences in patients with FBTCS, compared to those with focal epilepsy without FBTCS, and control participants. Methods: We combined a superior tract segmentation model with track-weighted tensor metrics (TW-TM) in an advanced, automated image analysis and tract reconstruction pipeline. Univariate analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) tests were used to compare group differences in both whole-tract metrics and hemispheric tract metrics. Results: We identified a range of white matter regions that displayed significantly altered white matter in patients with and without FBTCS, compared to controls. Specifically, patients without FBTCS had significantly increased white matter disruption in the inferior fronto-occipital fascicle and the striato-occipital tract. In contrast, patients with FBTCS were more similar to healthy controls in most regions, except for distinct alterations in the inferior cerebellar region compared to the non-FBTCS group and controls. Significance: This study exploited track-weighted tensor metrics (TW-TM) to investigate white matter changes in FBTCS. Our findings revealed marked alterations in a range of subcortical regions widely considered critical in the genesis of seizures. Our application of TW-TM in a new clinical dataset allowed the identification of specific tracts that may act as a predictive biomarker to distinguish patients who are likely to develop FBTCS.

scholarly journals White Matter Alterations in Young Children with Prenatal Alcohol Exposure

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Preeti Kar ◽  
Jess E. Reynolds ◽  
Melody N. Grohs ◽  
W. Ben Gibbard ◽  
Carly McMorris ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
White Matter ◽  
Young Children ◽  
Brain Structure ◽  
Prenatal Alcohol Exposure ◽  
Univariate Analysis ◽  
Alcohol Exposure ◽  
The Body ◽  
Analysis Of Covariance ◽  
Pyramidal Tracts ◽  
Prenatal Alcohol

Prenatal alcohol exposure (PAE) can lead to cognitive, behavioural, and social-emotional challenges. Previous neuroimaging research has identified alterations to brain structure in newborns, older children, adolescents, and adults with PAE; however, little is known about brain structure in young children. Extensive brain development takes place during early childhood; therefore, understanding the neurological profiles of young children with PAE is critical for early identification and effective intervention. We studied 54 children (5.21 +/- 1.11 years; 27 males) with confirmed PAE compared to 54 age- and sex-matched children without PAE. Children underwent diffusion tensor imaging between 2 and 7 years of age. Mean fractional anisotropy (FA) and mean diffusivity (MD) were obtained for 10 major white matter tracts, along with tract volume, axial and radial diffusivity (AD, RD). A univariate analysis of covariance was conducted to test for group differences (PAE vs. control) controlling for age, sex and tract volume. Our results reveal white matter microstructural differences between young children with PAE and unexposed controls. The PAE group had higher FA and/or lower MD (as well as lower AD and RD) in the genu and the body of the corpus callosum, as well as the bilateral uncinate fasciculus and pyramidal tracts. Our findings align with studies of newborns with PAE finding lower AD, but contrast those in older populations with PAE, which consistently report lower FA and higher MD. These findings may reflect premature development of white matter that may then plateau too early, leading to the lower FA/higher MD observed at older ages.

scholarly journals Efeitos do polimento na potência aeróbia máxima em atletas de indoor soccer

2016 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 341 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leonardo De Sousa Fortes ◽  
Jeferson Macedo Vianna ◽  
Delton Manoel dos Santos Silva ◽  
Marcio André Gouvea ◽  
Edilson Serpeloni Cyrino
Keyword(s):  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Aerobic Power ◽  
Univariate Analysis ◽  
Young Male ◽  
Analysis Of Covariance ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Maximum Aerobic Power ◽  
Level 1 ◽  
And Control

DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5007/1980-0037.2016v18n3p341 The aim of this study was to analyze the effect of tapering on maximum aerobic power (VO2max) in young male indoor soccer athletes. Participants were 78 athletes aged 12-17 years randomly divided into experimental (EG) and control group (CG). Both groups did the same training planning until the last three weeks (tapering phase). Only EG performed tapering. Tapering lasted three weeks adopting the linear tapering method. VO2max was estimated by Yo-Yo intermittent Recovery Level 1 early in the season and in the last week of each. Univariate analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) was conducted for repeated measures to compare VO2max among groups according to mesocycle. The results presented effect of time (F (4.74)= 42.02, p = 0.01) and group (F (2.76) = 35.87, p = 0.01). Overall, the findings of this study suggest that the implementation of the tapering strategy in the last weeks of training is more efficient to improve VO2max than the constant maintenance of loads.

scholarly journals Characterization of Functional and Structural Integrity in Experimental Focal Epilepsy: Reduced Network Efficiency Coincides with White Matter Changes

PLoS ONE ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 7 (7) ◽  
pp. e39078 ◽  
Author(s):  
Willem M. Otte ◽  
Rick M. Dijkhuizen ◽  
Maurits P. A. van Meer ◽  
Wilhelmina S. van der Hel ◽  
Suzanne A. M. W. Verlinde ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
White Matter ◽  
Structural Integrity ◽  
Focal Epilepsy ◽  
Network Efficiency ◽  
White Matter Changes

A new score for assessing white matter changes in metachromatic leukodystrophy

2008 ◽  
Vol 39 (05) ◽  
Author(s):  
M Wilke ◽  
W Grodd ◽  
C Kehrer ◽  
I Krägeloh-Mann
Keyword(s):  
White Matter ◽  
Metachromatic Leukodystrophy ◽  
White Matter Changes

White matter changes in post-surgical temporal lobe epilepsy

2008 ◽  
Vol 39 (01) ◽  
Author(s):  
JC Schoene-Bake ◽  
J Faber ◽  
CE Elger ◽  
B Weber
Keyword(s):  
White Matter ◽  
Temporal Lobe Epilepsy ◽  
Temporal Lobe ◽  
White Matter Changes

Neurophysiological seizure-onset predictors of epilepsy surgery outcome: a multivariable analysis

2020 ◽  
Vol 133 (6) ◽  
pp. 1863-1872 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hideaki Tanaka ◽  
Jean Gotman ◽  
Hui Ming Khoo ◽  
André Olivier ◽  
Jeffery Hall ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Surgical Outcome ◽  
Focal Epilepsy ◽  
Univariate Analysis ◽  
Multivariable Analysis ◽  
Postoperative Outcome ◽  
Seizure Onset ◽  
Resective Surgery ◽  
Scalp Eeg ◽  
Surgery Outcome ◽  
Intracerebral Eeg

OBJECTIVEThe authors sought to determine which neurophysiological seizure-onset features seen during scalp electroencephalography (EEG) and intracerebral EEG (iEEG) monitoring are predictors of postoperative outcome in a large series of patients with drug-resistant focal epilepsy who underwent resective surgery.METHODSThe authors retrospectively analyzed the records of 75 consecutive patients with focal epilepsy, who first underwent scalp EEG and then iEEG (stereo-EEG) for presurgical assessment and who went on to undergo resective surgery between 2004 and 2015. To determine the independent prognostic factors from the neurophysiological scalp EEG and iEEG seizure-onset information, univariate and standard multivariable logistic regression analyses were used. Since scalp EEG and iEEG data were recorded at different times, the authors matched scalp seizures with intracerebral seizures for each patient using strict criteria.RESULTSA total of 3057 seizures were assessed. Forty-eight percent (36/75) of patients had a favorable outcome (Engel class I–II) after a minimum follow-up of at least 1 year. According to univariate analysis, a localized scalp EEG seizure onset (p < 0.001), a multilobar intracerebral seizure-onset zone (SOZ) (p < 0.001), and an extended SOZ (p = 0.001) were significantly associated with surgical outcome. According to multivariable analysis, the following two independent factors were found: 1) the ability of scalp EEG to localize the seizure onset was a predictor of a favorable postoperative outcome (OR 6.073, 95% CI 2.011–18.339, p = 0.001), and 2) a multilobar SOZ was a predictor of an unfavorable outcome (OR 0.076, 95% CI 0.009–0.663, p = 0.020).CONCLUSIONSThe study findings show that localization at scalp seizure onset and a multilobar SOZ were strong predictors of surgical outcome. These predictors can help to select the better candidates for resective surgery.

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