scholarly journals A spatial fingerprint of land-water linkage of biodiversity uncovered by remote sensing and environmental DNA

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Heng Zhang ◽  
Elvira Mächler ◽  
Felix Morsdorf ◽  
Pascal A. Niklaus ◽  
Michael E. Schaepman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Remote Sensing ◽  
Spatial Association ◽  
Landscape Management ◽  
Environmental Dna ◽  
Terrestrial Ecosystems ◽  
Mountainous Catchment ◽  
Functional Understanding ◽  
Terrestrial Biodiversity ◽  
Spatial Flows ◽  
Land Water

Aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems are tightly connected via spatial flows of organisms and resources. Such land-water linkages integrate biodiversity across ecosystems and suggest a spatial association of aquatic and terrestrial biodiversity. However, knowledge about this spatial extent is limited. By combining satellite remote sensing (RS) and environmental DNA (eDNA) extraction from river water across a 740-km2 mountainous catchment, we identify a characteristic spatial land-water fingerprint. Specifically, we find a spatial association of riverine eDNA diversity with RS spectral diversity of terrestrial ecosystems upstream, peaking at a 400 m distance yet still detectable up to a 3.3 km radius. Our findings testify that biodiversity patterns in rivers can be linked to the functional diversity of surrounding terrestrial ecosystems and provide a dominant scale at which these linkages are strongest. Such spatially explicit information is necessary for a functional understanding of land-water linkages and provides a reference scale for adequate conservation and landscape management decisions.

scholarly journals Airborne environmental DNA metabarcoding for the monitoring of terrestrial insects - a proof of concept

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fabian Roger ◽  
Hamid Ghanavi ◽  
Natalie N. Danielsson ◽  
Niklas Wahlberg ◽  
Jakob Löndahl ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Light Trapping ◽  
Environmental Dna ◽  
Terrestrial Ecosystems ◽  
Wild Bees ◽  
Traditional Methods ◽  
Human Land Use ◽  
Dna Metabarcoding ◽  
Transect Counts ◽  
Terrestrial Insects ◽  
Terrestrial Biodiversity

Biodiversity is in decline due to human land use, exploitation, and climate change. To be able to counteract this alarming trend it is paramount to closely monitor biodiversity at global scales. Because this is practically impossible with traditional methods, the last decade has seen a strong push for solutions. In aquatic ecosystems the monitoring of species from environmental DNA (eDNA) has emerged as one of the most powerful tools at our disposal but in terrestrial ecosystems the power of eDNA for monitoring has so far been hampered by the local scale of the samples. In this study we report the first attempt to detect insects from airborne eDNA. We compare our results to two traditional insect monitoring projects (1) using light trapping for moth monitoring and (2) transect counts for the monitoring of butterflies and wild bees. While we failed to detect many of the same species monitored with the traditional methods, airborne eDNA metabarcoding revealed DNA from from six classes of Arthropods, and twelve order of Insects - including representatives from all of the four largest orders: Diptera (flies), Lepidoptera (butterflies and moths), Coleoptera (beetles) and Hymenoptera (bees, wasps and ants). We also recovered DNA from nine species of vertebrates, including frogs, birds and mammals as well as from 12 other phyla. We suggest that airborne eDNA has the potential to become a powerful tool for terrestrial biodiversity monitoring, with many impactful applications including the monitoring of pests, invasive or endangered species or disease vectors.

scholarly journals Plant ecophysiological processes in spectral profiles: perspective from a deciduous broadleaf forest

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hibiki M. Noda ◽  
Hiroyuki Muraoka ◽  
Kenlo Nishida Nasahara
Keyword(s):  
Remote Sensing ◽  
Optical Properties ◽  
Spectral Reflectance ◽  
Canopy Structure ◽  
Terrestrial Ecosystems ◽  
Optical Remote Sensing ◽  
Canopy Reflectance ◽  
Broadleaf Forest ◽  
Leaf Optical Properties ◽  
Deciduous Broadleaf Forest

AbstractThe need for progress in satellite remote sensing of terrestrial ecosystems is intensifying under climate change. Further progress in Earth observations of photosynthetic activity and primary production from local to global scales is fundamental to the analysis of the current status and changes in the photosynthetic productivity of terrestrial ecosystems. In this paper, we review plant ecophysiological processes affecting optical properties of the forest canopy which can be measured with optical remote sensing by Earth-observation satellites. Spectral reflectance measured by optical remote sensing is utilized to estimate the temporal and spatial variations in the canopy structure and primary productivity. Optical information reflects the physical characteristics of the targeted vegetation; to use this information efficiently, mechanistic understanding of the basic consequences of plant ecophysiological and optical properties is essential over broad scales, from single leaf to canopy and landscape. In theory, canopy spectral reflectance is regulated by leaf optical properties (reflectance and transmittance spectra) and canopy structure (geometrical distributions of leaf area and angle). In a deciduous broadleaf forest, our measurements and modeling analysis of leaf-level characteristics showed that seasonal changes in chlorophyll content and mesophyll structure of deciduous tree species lead to a seasonal change in leaf optical properties. The canopy reflectance spectrum of the deciduous forest also changes with season. In particular, canopy reflectance in the green region showed a unique pattern in the early growing season: green reflectance increased rapidly after leaf emergence and decreased rapidly after canopy closure. Our model simulation showed that the seasonal change in the leaf optical properties and leaf area index caused this pattern. Based on this understanding we discuss how we can gain ecophysiological information from satellite images at the landscape level. Finally, we discuss the challenges and opportunities of ecophysiological remote sensing by satellites.

SOURCES OF GLOBAL SCALE SOIL MOISTURE MONITORING DATA BY SATELLITE BASED REMOTE SENSING OF EARTH’S SURFACE

2021 ◽  
Vol 100 (1) ◽  
pp. 36-41
Author(s):  
A.A. Volchek ◽  
◽  
D.O. Petrov ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Remote Sensing ◽  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Global Scale ◽  
Research Papers ◽  
Equivalent Thickness ◽  
Satellite Gravimetry ◽  
Volumetric Soil Moisture ◽  
Characteristic Features ◽  
Agricultural Regions ◽  
Land Water

A review of modern tools of global monitoring of soil moisture by means of remote sensing of the Earth’s surface is presented. The characteristic features of the use of orbital radiometers and radars of C, X and L microwave bands for estimating the volumetric soil moisture at a depth of 5 cm and the root layer of vegetation are considered. A review of the capabilities of satellite gravimetry to assess the land water equivalent thickness is made. A number of sources have been proposed for obtaining estimates of soil water content from satellite based radiometric devices and orbital gravimetric systems. Based on the analysis of scientific research papers, the complexity of monitoring the level of fire danger indices in forests is shown, and the prospects of assessing soil moisture in agricultural regions using microwave orbital instruments are demonstrated, and the adequacy of calculating the moisture content in soil at a depth of up to one meter using satellite gravimetry is described.

scholarly journals Indicative landscape monitoring of the national nature park (case study the territory of Slobozhansky National Nature Park)

2018 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Remote Sensing ◽  
Remote Sensing Data ◽  
Terrestrial Ecosystems ◽  
Gis Technology ◽  
Landscape Indicators ◽  
Monitoring Method ◽  
Sensing Data ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Nature Park ◽  
Landscape Monitoring

Formulation of the problem. National Natural Parks (NNP) – protected areas where anthropogenic and natural landscapes are combined in the same territory. In addition, the main functions of such objects are significantly competitive, which requires monitoring of changes in existing landscapes. It is necessary to define the local objects which, being the most sensitive, at the same time have small plasticity, therefore, are capable to react quickly and adequately to any changes. That is what we call indicative. Analysis of recent research and publications. Many researchers of the USA, Great Britain, Germany, Australia conduct landscape monitoring using remote sensing data and GIS technologies. For example, D. Keith, S. Rodoreda, L. Holman, R. Noss, U. Walz, and others. The National Inventory of Landscapes in Sweden studies development of modern landscape monitoring in countries of Europe. Landscape Monitoring of Terrestrial Ecosystems, studied by researches R. Kennedy, J. Jons, K. Jones and others allow using data of satellite for selection of plant contours using Gis-technology. Landscape monitoring of the territory of NNP «Slobozhanskiy» has never been carried out. The aim of the study is to choose satellite images, taking into account the area of the study, the choice of optimal methods of their processing for the compilation of a database of landscape structure facies for landscape monitoring based on long-term observations on the ground, comparing their results with geodata. We have determined wetlands, as landscape indicators. Presentation of the main material of the study. Comprehensive analysis of remote sensing data carried out by the authors, allowed us to make sure that vegetation cover is the most indicative, except for the contours of wetlands, which are clearly identified and easily compared in multi-spectral images. It is reliably determined by the characteristic features combine with the corresponding spectral ranges and the image structure. In addition, changes in vegetation allows you to visually determine changes in landscape groupings and the speed of these changes. Summary. The indicative features of landscape monitoring are wetlands, and there are two direct indicators: the contours of wetlands and the change in the aspect of vegetation. The monitoring method is a multispectral analysis of images obtained by processing combinations of spectral channels, which showed the ability to determine the changes in the selection, taking into account reflectivity of the surface. Limitations of the method are the following: there is no established method of meticulous analysis of changes in the structure of vegetation, which is observed visually, but is not reflected instrumentally; inability to take into account random features of the territory conditions and space scanning at a certain point, which is interesting for the study. Finally, the types of monitoring objects, indicative signs of changes and ways to track them according to high-precision and generally available satellite information are determined.

scholarly journals The use of environmental DNA in monitoring aquatic biodiversity for conservation: a review of challenges and opportunities

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
Author(s):  
PJ Stephenson
Keyword(s):  
Remote Sensing ◽  
Species Diversity ◽  
Community Composition ◽  
Natural Resource ◽  
Environmental Dna ◽  
Camera Traps ◽  
Biodiversity Monitoring ◽  
Aquatic Biodiversity ◽  
Resource Managers ◽  
Global Biodiversity

Evidence-based decision-making in conservation and natural resource management is often constrained by lack of robust biodiversity data. Technology offers opportunities for enhanced data collection, with satellite-based remote sensing increasingly complemented by Earth-based sensors such as camera traps, acoustic recording devices and drones. In aquatic as well as terrestrial systems, environmental DNA is increasingly promoted as a tool to monitor species diversity and community composition. But if conservationists and natural resource managers are to know when to use eDNA, they need to understand its relative advantages and disadvantages, and when it can be used with or instead of other tools. In this paper, I expand on two recent publications (Stephenson 2020; Stephenson et al. 2020) to review lessons learned from the application of eDNA, especially metabarcoding, to the monitoring of aquatic biodiversity for conservation and to identify factors affecting its relevance and applicability. Over the past decade there have been many advances in technological solutions for biodiversity monitoring. eDNA and various remote sensing tools offer opportunities to create the enabling conditions for enhanced biodiversity monitoring, and are becoming cheaper and easier to use for scientists, public and private sector resource managers, and citizen scientists. Nonetheless, a number of challenges need to be addressed to, for example, improve the standardisation of tool use and to enhance capacity for the use, storage, sharing and analysis of huge volumes of data, especially in high-biodiversity countries. More studies comparing the relative efficiency and cost-effectiveness of different tools with different species in different habitats would help managers choose the right tools for their needs and capacity and better integrate them into monitoring schemes. eDNA is becoming the go-to option for the monitoring of aquatic species diversity and community composition and has also proven successful in some terrestrial settings. eDNA is especially useful for monitoring species that are in low densities or difficult to observe with traditional observer-based methods; indeed, several studies show eDNA metabarcoding techniques have a much better detection probability overall for taxa such as amphibians and fish. In some cases, eDNA has been shown to complement other tools when used together, by either increasing animal detection probabilities or increasing the number of indicators that can be measured at one site. This suggests that, in future, more effort should be made to test the effectiveness of integrating eDNA with one or more other tools to enhance the efficiency and effectiveness of measuring indicators and to increase the diversity of species detected. For example, eDNA could be combined with camera traps for monitoring vertebrates visiting waterholes. Testing multiple tools would also provide better opportunity to quantify when and how traditional observer-based methods can complement the technological solutions and when they are more cost-effective. However, it is noteworthy that, in general, the taxa for which data are most lacking, such as invertebrates, plants and fungi, are still those less easily monitored by eDNA and other new technologies. This suggests a focus only on technological solutions for biodiversity monitoring may perpetuate existing taxonomic data biases. I conclude by discussing the international policy context and the relevance of eDNA for monitoring global biodiversity indicators. Several opportunities exist to integrate eDNA into monitoring programmes to measure government, business and civil society contributions towards delivery of the post-2020 global biodiversity framework and the Sustainable Development Goals.

Application of the Parallel Spatial Association Rule in Remote Sensing Data Mining

2012 ◽  
Vol 500 ◽  
pp. 598-602
Author(s):  
Jun Ma ◽  
Dong Dong Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Remote Sensing ◽  
Data Mining ◽  
Association Rule ◽  
Spatial Association ◽  
Remote Sensing Data ◽  
Inner Product ◽  
Data Mining Algorithm ◽  
Sensing Data ◽  
The Common ◽  
Frequent Item Sets

Since the remote sensing data are multi-resources and massive, the common data mining algorithm cannot effectively discover the knowledge what people want to know. However, spatial association rule can solve the problem of inefficiency in remote sensing data mining. This paper gives an algorithm to compute the frequent item sets though a method like calculating vectors inner-product. And the algorithm will introduce pruning in the whole running. It reduces the time and resources consumption effectively

Phenology-induced energy and carbon fluxes in land surface models

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jan De Pue ◽  
José Miguel Barrios ◽  
Fabienne Maignan ◽  
Liyang Liu ◽  
Philippe Ciais ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Remote Sensing ◽  
Land Surface ◽  
Terrestrial Ecosystems ◽  
Carbon Fluxes ◽  
Land Surface Models ◽  
Energy Fluxes ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Surface Models ◽  
Modelling Strategies ◽  
Phenological Cycle

<p>The annual phenological cycle is of key importance for the carbon and energy fluxes in terrestrial ecosystems. Although the processes controlling budburst and leaf senescence are fairly well known, the connection between plant phenology and the carbon fluxes remains a challenging aspect in land surface modelling (LSM). In this study, the modelling strategies of three well stablished LSM are compared. The LSM considered in this study were: ORCHIDEE, ISBA-A-gs and the model driving the LSA-SAF evapotranspiration product (https://landsaf.ipma.pt). The latter model does not simulate the carbon fluxes but focuses on the computation of evapotranspiration and energy fluxes.<br>The phenological cycle is simulated explicitly in the ORCHIDEE model, using empirical relations based on temperature sum, water availability, and other variables. In the ISBA-A-gs model, phenology and LAI development is fully photosynthesis-driven. The phenology in the LSA-SAF model is driven by remote sensing forcing variables, such as LAI observations. Alternatively, the assimilation of remote sensing LAI products is a convenient method to improve the simulated phenological cycle in land surface models. A dedicated module for this operation is available in ISBA-A-gs.<br>Simulations were performed over a wide range of climatological conditions and plant functional types. The results were then validated with in-situ measurements conducted at Fluxnet stations. In addition to the comparison between measured and modelled carbon fluxes, the validation in this study included the intra-annual variation in the simulated phenological cycle.</p>

The Technology of Remote Sensing and its Application to Terrestrial Ecosystem Restoration

2013 ◽  
Vol 748 ◽  
pp. 1176-1179
Author(s):  
Si Zhang ◽  
Chun Mei Xiong
Keyword(s):  
Remote Sensing ◽  
Terrestrial Ecosystem ◽  
Terrestrial Ecosystems ◽  
Research Area ◽  
Living Environment ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Local Conditions ◽  
Timing Accuracy ◽  
Remote Sensing Technology ◽  
Sensing Technology

Terrestrial ecosystems as the most important type of ecological system provide humanity with a main part of the living environment, food and clothing. However, many of ecological environmental have been severely damaged by human beings irrational activities, such as mining, deforestation, excavation herbs, etc. Faced with ecological and environmental protection pressure, its urgent to carry out ecological restoration projects according to the local conditions. Remote sensing technology is widely used in terrestrial ecosystems restoration because of its objectivity, real-timing, accuracy, covering a wide area and other unique advantages. This article discusses the restoration of terrestrial ecosystems based on remote sensing technology. At last, it analyses development trends of this research area.

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