Pedestrian Bridge Evaluation and Modelling Subjected to Running Load Cases

<p>This paper presents the dynamic measurements performed at two pedestrian bridges in Sweden subjected to different loading scenarios. Using accelerometers, the natural frequencies, the experimental mode shapes, and damping properties were determined for each bridge. Analysis were performed using the generalized single degree of freedom theory, the finite element method and the coupled system approach taking into account the flying phase of the running load. Additionaly, a simplified sensitivity analysis is presented in terms of accelerations due to the pedestrian transient event of a running load case. Results indicate that there is an excellent agreement between the aforementioned modelling strategies and, that it is possible to have human structure interaction under running load scenarios.</p>

Exploiting Structural Modelling Tools to Explore Host-Translocated Effector Proteins

Oomycete and fungal interactions with plants can be neutral, symbiotic or pathogenic with different impact on plant health and fitness. Both fungi and oomycetes can generate so-called effector proteins in order to successfully colonize the host plant. These proteins modify stress pathways, developmental processes and the innate immune system to the microbes’ benefit, with a very different outcome for the plant. Investigating the biological and functional roles of effectors during plant–microbe interactions are accessible through bioinformatics and experimental approaches. The next generation protein modeling software RoseTTafold and AlphaFold2 have made significant progress in defining the 3D-structure of proteins by utilizing novel machine-learning algorithms using amino acid sequences as their only input. As these two methods rely on super computers, Google Colabfold alternatives have received significant attention, making the approaches more accessible to users. Here, we focus on current structural biology, sequence motif and domain knowledge of effector proteins from filamentous microbes and discuss the broader use of novel modelling strategies, namely AlphaFold2 and RoseTTafold, in the field of effector biology. Finally, we compare the original programs and their Colab versions to assess current strengths, ease of access, limitations and future applications.

The Frontier of Macroeconomic Modelling: Proceedings of the JRC-IEA Workshop 2017

This chapter discusses the Proceedings of the JRC-IEA Roundtable, which objective was to promote a technical debate on the recent developments of DSGE and alternative modelling strategies, the main mechanisms at play and their effectiveness in assessing the impact of R&D and innovation policies. Leading academics presented state-of-the-art macroeconomic models in the area of economic growth and innovation. It follows a debate between academics and practitioners trying to figure out the key elements of a macro model designed to evaluate innovation policies should include.

Comparison of Modelling Strategies of R.C Walls for Seismic Analysis

Reinforced concrete walls are being widely adopted as lateral load resisting systems for high rise structures. The current practice among design engineers for modelling of such walls is by idealizing the same as ‘wide’ columns, which is uncertain from safety as well as economy point of view. The most efficient modelling strategy of RC walls involves use of shell elements. Such an approach can be computationally much intensive, especially from a seismic analysis perspective. The present study utilizes an equivalent strut approach for modelling RC walls. The modelling strategy is demonstrated on a G + 15 storey residential apartment located in Calicut city. The proposed methodology will be compared with the traditional ‘wide’ column method as well as the one with shell element discretization. Comparison of modal properties such as frequencies and vibration modes from the various models are initially made to assess the model accuracy. Various seismic analyses viz. Equivalent static approach, Response spectrum approach and the assessment the storey shear, inter storey drifts as well as computation times using various models were performed using time history analysis. From preliminary results, it is understood that the modelling strategy could serve as an efficient alternative to more robust and computationally demanding scheme involving use of shell elements.