scholarly journals Anatomically-based skeleton kinetics and pose estimation in freely-moving rodents

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arne Monsees ◽  
Kay-Michael Voit ◽  
Damian J Wallace ◽  
Juergen Sawinski ◽  
Edyta Leks ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Detailed Knowledge ◽  
Joint Kinetics ◽  
Surface Anatomy ◽  
Joint Biomechanics ◽  
Complex Decision Making ◽  
Complex Decision ◽  
Freely Behaving ◽  
Constrained Model ◽  
The Relationship

Forming a complete picture of the relationship between neural activity and body kinetics requires quantification of skeletal joint biomechanics during behavior. However, without detailed knowledge of the underlying skeletal motion, inferring joint kinetics from surface tracking approaches is difficult, especially for animals where the relationship between surface anatomy and skeleton changes during motion. Here we developed a videography-based method enabling detailed three-dimensional kinetic quantification of an anatomically defined skeleton in untethered freely-behaving animals. This skeleton-based model has been constrained by anatomical principles and joint motion limits and provided skeletal pose estimates for a range of rodent sizes, even when limbs were occluded. Model-inferred joint kinetics for both gait and gap-crossing behaviors were verified by direct measurement of limb placement, showing that complex decision making behaviors can be accurately reconstructed at the level of skeletal kinetics using our anatomically constrained model.

Some Determinants of Multidimensional Points of View: Two Studies

1970 ◽  
Vol 31 (2) ◽  
pp. 659-670 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Landis ◽  
Robert M. Slivka
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Extensive Study ◽  
Stepwise Multiple Regression ◽  
Perceptual Style ◽  
Complex Decision Making ◽  
Complex Decision ◽  
Points Of View ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
I 31

Two studies are reported bearing on the relationship of multidimensional points-of-view to cognitive perceptual style and complex decision-making performance. In Study I, 31 Ss scaled two sets of stimuli. Factor loadings from a points-of-view analysis were correlated with scores from 8 cognitive perceptual style measures. Sufficient significant correlations were found to warrant a more extensive study. In Study II, 120 Ss scaled 12 problem maps after solving the problems. Each S was also administered the measures used in Study I. The scaling data were subjected to a points-of-view analysis and related to the solution and style data by a stepwise multiple regression procedure. Results indicated that: (1) multidimensional points of view are related to style data; (2) points of view are also related to complex decision-making performance; and (3) some of the previously reported style groups break down into sub-groups.

Fear of Death in Medical Students 1998-2019

2021 ◽  
Vol 66 (Special Issue) ◽  
pp. 74-75
Author(s):  
Montserrat Esquerda ◽  
◽  
Ana Isabel Parra ◽  
Anna M. Agustí ◽  
Josep Pifarre ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Medical Student ◽  
Medical Students ◽  
End Of Life ◽  
Ethical Decision Making ◽  
Fear Of Death ◽  
Daily Work ◽  
Complex Decision Making ◽  
Complex Decision ◽  
The Relationship

"Medical students are close in their daily work with the world of suffering and death, living with pain and loss, without having received in general any regulated preparation to face it. This lack of training is associated with a sociocultural context that avoids speaking or approaching death, making it difficult for the medical student and the professionals themselves to develop the concept of death, adequate coping strategies, talking about complex decision-making at the end of life, acceptance of limitations or more generally to palliative medicine. This fear of death can hinder ethical decision-making and end-of-life conversations. The aim of the study is to assess fear of death in a sample of medical students, from 1998 to 2019, the relationship between fear of death and age, gender, course, beliefs or experiences of death and assess the evolution of death during these 20 years. Method The study included 756 medical students, from the courses between 1998 and 2019, who were given Collet-Lester revised Scale of Fear of Death and a questionnaire of sociodemographic and biographical variables. Results The analysis of the variables surveyed indicates that medical students present an intermediate level of fear of death and the process of dying. Fear of death has increased in these decades; it also increases during medical courses. Conclusions With the results obtained, medical schools should include a more oriented a specific approach in death and suffering that allows the medical student to obtain greater knowledge and be trained in accompanying death and talking about death. "

Some Determinants of Certitude Judgments in a Complex Decision-Making Task

1969 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 447-460 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Landis ◽  
Robert M. Slivka ◽  
Carl A. Silver
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Situation ◽  
Complex Problem ◽  
Complex Problem Solving ◽  
Perceptual Style ◽  
Male College ◽  
Complex Decision Making ◽  
Complex Decision ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Problem Data ◽  
Problem Solving Task

This research investigated the relationship between certitude and decision adequacy using a complex problem-solving task. 120 male college Ss, serving with pay, solved 12 problems which varied in amount of information and method of coding. Each S also estimated the adequacy of his solution as well as the affective tone of the situation after the solution of each problem. Data were also available from a set of cognitive-perceptual-style measures. Results indicated that: (1) the correlation between decision adequacy and certitude is low and probably of negligible significance; (2) certitude is closely related to affective aspects of the stimulus; and, (3) level of certitude is related to the level of cognitive and perceptual scanning employed by S. It is suggested that (1) the correlation between certitude and decision adequacy may also be a function of the extensiveness of the response repertoire permitted S in the experimental situation, and (2) more intensive examination of individual differences with respect to accuracy of certitude judgments may be necessary.

scholarly journals A Delphi Study Investigating Clinicians’ Views on Access to, Delivery of, and Adaptations of MBCT in the UK Clinical Settings

Mindfulness ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kate Williams ◽  
Samantha Hartley ◽  
Peter Taylor
Keyword(s):  
Delphi Study ◽  
Good Practice ◽  
Evidence Base ◽  
Clinical Settings ◽  
Training Support ◽  
Decision Making Processes ◽  
Complex Decision Making ◽  
Complex Decision ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Clinical Populations

Abstract Objectives Mindfulness-based cognitive therapy (MBCT) is a well-evidenced relapse-prevention intervention for depression with a growing evidence-base for use in other clinical populations. The UK initiatives have outlined plans for increasing access to MBCT in clinical settings, although evidence suggests that access remains limited. Given the increased popularity and access to MBCT, there may be deviations from the evidence-base and potential risks of harm. We aimed to understand what clinicians believe should be best clinical practice regarding access to, delivery of, and adaptations to MBCT. Methods We employed a two-stage Delphi methodology. First, to develop statements around best practices, we consulted five mindfulness-based experts and reviewed the literature. Second, a total of 59 statements were taken forward into three survey rating rounds. Results Twenty-nine clinicians completed round one, with 25 subsequently completing both rounds two and three. Forty-four statements reached consensus; 15 statements did not. Clinicians agreed with statements regarding sufficient preparation for accessing MBCT, adherence to the evidence-base and good practice guidelines, consideration of risks, sufficient access to training, support, and resources within services, and carefully considered adaptations. The consensus was not reached on statements which reflected a lack of evidence-base for specific clinical populations or the complex decision-making processes involved in delivering and making adaptations to MBCT. Conclusions Our findings highlight the delicate balance of maintaining a client-centred and transparent approach whilst adhering to the evidence-base in clinical decisions around access to, delivery of, and adaptations in MBCT and have important wide-reaching implications.

scholarly journals Dynamics of Single Droplet Splashing on Liquid Film by Coupling FVM with VOF

Processes ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 841
Author(s):  
Yuzhen Jin ◽  
Huang Zhou ◽  
Linhang Zhu ◽  
Zeqing Li
Keyword(s):  
Liquid Film ◽  
Weber Number ◽  
Stokes Equations ◽  
Numerical Study ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Navier Stokes ◽  
Single Droplet ◽  
Navier Stokes Equations ◽  
Volume Method ◽  
The Relationship

A three-dimensional numerical study of a single droplet splashing vertically on a liquid film is presented. The numerical method is based on the finite volume method (FVM) of Navier–Stokes equations coupled with the volume of fluid (VOF) method, and the adaptive local mesh refinement technology is adopted. It enables the liquid–gas interface to be tracked more accurately, and to be less computationally expensive. The relationship between the diameter of the free rim, the height of the crown with different numbers of collision Weber, and the thickness of the liquid film is explored. The results indicate that the crown height increases as the Weber number increases, and the diameter of the crown rim is inversely proportional to the collision Weber number. It can also be concluded that the dimensionless height of the crown decreases with the increase in the thickness of the dimensionless liquid film, which has little effect on the diameter of the crown rim during its growth.

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