scholarly journals Posterior integration and thalamo-frontotemporal broadcasting are impaired in disorders of consciousness

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rajanikant Panda ◽  
Ane Lopez-Gonzalez ◽  
Matthieu Gilson ◽  
Olivia Gosseries ◽  
Aurore Thibaut ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Brain Injury ◽  
Clinical Diagnosis ◽  
Resting State ◽  
In Silico ◽  
Neural Circuits ◽  
Resting State Fmri ◽  
Clinical Applications ◽  
Disorders Of Consciousness ◽  
Loss Of Consciousness ◽  
Cortical Regions

The study of the brain's dynamical activity is opening a valuable source of assistance for the clinical diagnosis of patients with disorders of consciousness (DOC). For example, dysfunctional spread of naturalistic and synthetic stimuli has proven useful to characterize hampered consciousness. However, understanding of the mechanisms behind loss of consciousness following brain injury is still missing. Here, we study the propagation of endogenous and in-silico exogenous perturbations in patients with DOC, based upon directed and causal interactions estimated from resting-state fMRI. We found that patients with DOC suffer decreased capacity for neural propagation and responsiveness to events. Particularly, that loss of consciousness is related to the malfunctioning of two neural circuits: the posterior cortical regions failing to convey information, in conjunction with reduced broadcasting of information from subcortical, temporal, parietal and frontal regions. These results seed light on the mechanisms behind DOC, thus opening new possibilities for clinical applications.

scholarly journals Posterior integration and thalamo-frontotemporal broadcasting are impaired in disorders of consciousness

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rajanikant Panda ◽  
Ane López-González ◽  
Matthieu Gilson ◽  
Olivia Gosseries ◽  
Aurore Thibaut ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Brain Injury ◽  
Clinical Diagnosis ◽  
Resting State ◽  
In Silico ◽  
Neural Circuits ◽  
Resting State Fmri ◽  
Clinical Applications ◽  
Disorders Of Consciousness ◽  
Loss Of Consciousness ◽  
Cortical Regions

Abstract The study of the brain’s dynamical activity is opening a valuable source of assistance for the clinical diagnosis of patients with disorders of consciousness (DOC). For example, dysfunctional spread of naturalistic and synthetic stimuli has proven useful to characterize hampered consciousness. However, understanding of the mechanisms behind loss of consciousness following brain injury is still missing. Here, we study the propagation of endogenous and in-silico exogenous perturbations in patients with DOC, based upon directed and causal interactions estimated from resting-state fMRI. We found that patients with DOC suffer decreased capacity for neural propagation and responsiveness to events. Particularly, that loss of consciousness is related to the malfunctioning of two neural circuits: the posterior cortical regions failing to convey information, in conjunction with reduced broadcasting of information from subcortical, temporal, parietal and frontal regions. These results seed light on the mechanisms behind DOC, thus opening new possibilities for clinical applications.

scholarly journals Pediatric Anoxic Brain Injury - A Possible Locked-In Syndrome

Neurosurgery ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 66 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mariam Ishaque ◽  
Crystal G Franklin ◽  
Mary D Woolsey ◽  
Peter T Fox
Keyword(s):  
Brain Injury ◽  
White Matter ◽  
Basal Ganglia ◽  
Resting State ◽  
Resting State Fmri ◽  
Disorders Of Consciousness ◽  
Fmri Data ◽  
Imaging Protocol ◽  
Microstructural Investigation ◽  
Anoxic Brain Injury

Abstract INTRODUCTION Although drowning is a leading cause of death and neurological morbidity in young children, clinical management and prognostication following injury is poor. The most devastating disability from drowning results from anoxic brain injury (ABI). Standard-of-care imaging and assessment methods have proven inadequate in the evaluation of brain damage and prediction of functional sequelae, and thus, have had minimal clinical impact in these patients and other patients with disorders of consciousness. METHODS A total of 11 children with drowning-related ABI and 11 age- and gender-matched neurotypical controls (4-12 yr) were scanned during mildly sedated sleep; T1-weighted, DTI, and resting-state fMRI blood oxygen level dependent (BOLD) data were acquired. Voxel-based morphometry (VBM) was implemented on T1 data, tract-based spatial statistics (TBSS) was implemented on DTI data, and independent components analysis (ICA) was implemented at group and per-subject levels on fMRI data to investigate the integrity of resting-state networks (RSNs). Extensive functional evaluations were conducted and a systematic behavioral evaluation form and scoring system were developed to correlate imaging and behavioral measures. RESULTS VBM investigations of grey and white matter respectively revealed predominant central subcortical pathology in the basal ganglia and posterior limbs of the internal capsule (PLIC). White matter microstructural investigation with TBSS of DTI data revealed focal damage in bilateral PLICs. ICA of resting-state fMRI data revealed principal impairment of motor-related cortical networks (basal ganglia, cerebellum) and striking preservation of networks involved in perception (visual, auditory, sensorimotor), cognition, and emotion. These findings closely agreed with neurobehavioral assessments. CONCLUSION Together, our observations suggest that motor deficits underlie the inability to communicate and convey relatively intact cognitive, perceptual, and emotive capabilities in pediatric post-drowning ABI, depicting a locked-in-type syndrome. Several prognostic, therapeutic, and ethical correlates follow. Furthermore, the developed imaging protocol is suitable for clinical use and highly applicable to other patient populations and disorders of consciousness.

scholarly journals Ms Teresa Grimm, MA – The Effect of Music on Patients with Disorders of Consciousness

2020 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Traumatic Brain Injury ◽  
Brain Injury ◽  
Disorders Of Consciousness ◽  
Loss Of Consciousness ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Department Of Music

Disorders of consciousness may arise from a wide range of incidents, diseases and conditions, including traumatic brain injury, infection or tumours. With her collaborators, Ms Teresa Grimm, at the Department of Music in Carl von Ossietzky University, Germany, is exploring the existing literature and delivering novel findings on the effect of exposure to music for patients who are living with a condition which results in a loss of consciousness.

scholarly journals Resting-State Electroencephalography for Prognosis in Disorders of Consciousness Following Traumatic Brain Injury

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ruth Pauli ◽  
Alice O'Donnell ◽  
Damian Cruse
Keyword(s):  
Traumatic Brain Injury ◽  
Brain Injury ◽  
Resting State ◽  
Disorders Of Consciousness ◽  
Alpha Power ◽  
Disorder Of Consciousness ◽  
Term Care ◽  
Prognostic Utility ◽  
Eeg Recordings

Although the majority of patients recover consciousness after a traumatic brain injury (TBI), a minority develop a prolonged disorder of consciousness, which may never fully resolve. For these patients, accurate prognostication is essential to treatment decisions and long-term care planning. In this review, we evaluate the use of resting-state electroencephalography (EEG) as a prognostic measure in disorders of consciousness following TBI. We highlight that routine clinical EEG recordings have prognostic utility in the short to medium term. In particular, measures of alpha power and variability are indicative of relatively better functional outcomes within the first year post-TBI. This is hypothesized to reflect intact thalamocortical loops, and thus the potential for recovery of consciousness even in the apparent absence of current consciousness. However, there is a lack of research into the use of resting-state EEG for predicting longer-term recovery following TBI. We conclude that, given the potential for patients to demonstrate improvements in consciousness and functional capacity even years after TBI, a research focus on EEG-augmented prognostication in very long-term disorders of consciousness is now required.

scholarly journals Posterior Cingulate Cortex-Related Co-Activation Patterns: A Resting State fMRI Study in Propofol-Induced Loss of Consciousness

PLoS ONE ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. e100012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Enrico Amico ◽  
Francisco Gomez ◽  
Carol Di Perri ◽  
Audrey Vanhaudenhuyse ◽  
Damien Lesenfants ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Resting State ◽  
Cingulate Cortex ◽  
Resting State Fmri ◽  
Posterior Cingulate Cortex ◽  
Loss Of Consciousness ◽  
Activation Patterns ◽  
Posterior Cingulate ◽  
Fmri Study ◽  
Co Activation

Remitted major depression is related to increased functional coupling between ventral striatum and cortical regions in resting state fMRI

2011 ◽  
Vol 26 (S2) ◽  
pp. 948-948 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Pail ◽  
C. Scharinger ◽  
K. Kalcher ◽  
W. Huf ◽  
R. Boubela ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Functional Connectivity ◽  
Orbitofrontal Cortex ◽  
Resting State ◽  
Ventral Striatum ◽  
Resting State Fmri ◽  
Anterior Cingulate ◽  
Functional Coupling ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Full Remission ◽  
Cortical Regions

IntroductionDysfunction in the basal ganglia has been related to impaired reward processing and anhedonia, a core symptom of Major Depressive Disorder (MDD). In particular, the ventral striatum including the nucleus accumbens is increasingly implicated in the pathophysiology of MDD, but evidence for a specific role during episodes of full remission is lacking so far.ObjectivesTo investigate functional connectivity patterns of resting-state activity in patients in the remitted phase of MDD (rMDD).AimsTo determine whether rMDD is related to disruptions of functional coupling between the ventral striatum and cortical regions.MethodsForty-three remitted depressed patients and thirty-five healthy controls were recruited at Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria, and performed a six minute resting-state fMRI scan. Seed time series were extracted from the preprocessed data using individual masks for ventral striatum and correlated with all nodes in a surface based analysis using FreeSurfer, AFNI and SUMA. The resulting correlation coefficients were then Fishertransformed, group results were determined by comparing group mean smoothed z-scores with a two-sample ttest.ResultsIncreased resting-state functional connectivity was revealed between ventral striatum (seed region) and anterior cingulate cortex as well as orbitofrontal cortex in the rMDD group compared to healthy controls.ConclusionsOur preliminary data is in accordance with the idea that increased functional coupling between the ventral striatum and two major emotion processing regions, the anterior cingulate cortex and the orbitofrontal cortex, may represent a neural mechanism contributing to the maintenance of full remission of MDD.

scholarly journals Resting state cortico-limbic functional connectivity and dispositional use of emotion regulation strategies: A replication and extension study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Denise Dörfel ◽  
Anne Gärtner ◽  
Christoph Scheffel
Keyword(s):  
Emotion Regulation ◽  
Functional Connectivity ◽  
Resting State ◽  
Resting State Fmri ◽  
Functional Brain Imaging ◽  
Distributed Network ◽  
Regulation Strategies ◽  
Cortical Regions ◽  
Network Approaches ◽  
Negative Coupling

Neuroimaging functional connectivity analyses have shown that the negative coupling between amygdala and cortical regions is linked to better emotion regulation (ER) in experimental task settings. However, less is known about the neural correlates of ER traits or dispositions. The present study aimed to (1) replicate the findings of differential cortico-limbic coupling during resting state depending on the dispositional use of ER strategies. Furthermore, the study aimed to (2) extend prior findings by examining whether differences in cortico-limbic coupling during resting state predict behavioral and neuronal emotion regulation success in a standard emotion regulation task. To this end, N=107 healthy adults completed the Emotion Regulation Questionnaire (ERQ), underwent an 8-min resting-state fMRI acquisition and completed a reappraisal task during fMRI. Functional connectivity maps of basolateral and centromedial amygdala nuclei were estimated with a seed-based approach regarding associations with regions of the prefrontal cortex, and were then correlated with ERQ scores as well as behavioral and neuronal ER success. All hypotheses and the analysis plan are preregistered at https://osf.io/8wsgu. Opposed to prior findings, we were not able to replicate a correlation of habitual ER strategy use with functional connectivity between amygdala and PFC regions (p > 0.05, FWE-corrected). Furthermore, there was no association of behavioral and neuronal reappraisal success with functional connectivity between amygdala and insula as well as PFC (p > 0.05, FWE-corrected). The present preregistered study calls into question the reported association between individual differences in resting state cortico-limbic connectivity and habitual use of ER strategies. However, ongoing advances in functional brain imaging and distributed network approaches may leverage the identification of reliable functional connectivity patterns that underlie successful emotion regulation.

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