scholarly journals Heat stress prevented the biomass and yield stimulation caused by elevated CO2 in two well-watered wheat cultivars

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sachin Gorakshnath Chavan ◽  
Remko Duursma ◽  
Michael Tausz ◽  
Oula Ghannoum
Keyword(s):  
Heat Stress ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Elevated Co2 ◽  
Electron Transport Rate ◽  
Interactive Effects ◽  
Yield Response ◽  
Wheat Cultivars ◽  
Early Maturing ◽  
Grain Nitrogen ◽  
High Tillering

To investigate the interactive effects of elevated CO2 and heat stress (HS), we grew two contrasting wheat cultivars, early-maturing Scout and high-tillering Yitpi, under non-limiting water and nutrients at ambient (aCO2, 450 ppm) or elevated (eCO2, 650 ppm) CO2 and 22°C in the glasshouse. Plants were exposed to two 3-day HS cycles at the vegetative (38.1°C) and/or flowering (33.5°C) stage. At aCO2, both wheat cultivars showed similar responses of photosynthesis and mesophyll conductance to temperature and produced similar grain yield. Relative to aCO2, eCO2 enhanced photosynthesis rate and reduced stomatal conductance and maximal carboxylation rate (Vcmax). During HS, high temperature stimulated photosynthesis at eCO2 in both cultivars, while eCO2 stimulated photosynthesis in Scout. Electron transport rate (Jmax) was unaffected by any treatment. eCO2 equally enhanced biomass and grain yield of both cultivars in control, but not HS, plants. HS reduced biomass and yield of Scout at eCO2. Yitpi, the cultivar with higher grain nitrogen, underwent a trade-off between grain yield and nitrogen. In conclusion, eCO2 improved photosynthesis of control and HS wheat, and improved biomass and grain yield of control plants only. Under well-watered conditions, HS was not detrimental to photosynthesis or growth but precluded a yield response to eCO2.

scholarly journals Heat Stress Prevented the Biomass and Yield Stimulation Caused by Elevated CO2 in Two Well-Watered Wheat Cultivars

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sachin G. Chavan ◽  
Remko A. Duursma ◽  
Michael Tausz ◽  
Oula Ghannoum
Keyword(s):  
Heat Stress ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Electron Transport Rate ◽  
Interactive Effects ◽  
Yield Response ◽  
Wheat Cultivars ◽  
Trade Off ◽  
Early Maturing ◽  
Grain Nitrogen ◽  
High Tillering

Abstract To investigate the interactive effects of elevated CO2 and heat stress (HS), we grew two contrasting wheat cultivars, early-maturing Scout and high-tillering Yitpi, under non-limiting water and nutrients at ambient (aCO2, 450 ppm) or elevated (eCO2, 650 ppm) CO2 and 22°C in the glasshouse. Plants were exposed to two 3-day HS cycles at the vegetative (38.1°C) and/or flowering (33.5°C) stage. At aCO2, both wheat cultivars showed similar responses of photosynthesis and mesophyll conductance to temperature and produced similar grain yield. Relative to aCO2, eCO2 enhanced photosynthesis rate and reduced stomatal conductance and maximal carboxylation rate (Vcmax). During HS, high temperature stimulated photosynthesis at eCO2 in both cultivars, while eCO2 stimulated photosynthesis in Scout. Electron transport rate (Jmax) was unaffected by any treatment. eCO2 equally enhanced biomass and grain yield of both cultivars in control, but not HS, plants. HS reduced biomass and yield of Scout at eCO2. Yitpi, the cultivar with higher grain nitrogen, underwent a trade-off between grain yield and nitrogen. In conclusion, eCO2 improved photosynthesis of control and HS wheat, and improved biomass and grain yield of control plants only. Under well-watered conditions, HS was not detrimental to photosynthesis or growth but precluded a yield response to eCO2.

Physiological and Proteomic Evidence for the Interactive Effects of Post-Anthesis Heat Stress and Elevated CO2 on Wheat

PROTEOMICS ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 18 (23) ◽  
pp. 1800262 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaxiang Zhang ◽  
Petra Högy ◽  
Xuna Wu ◽  
Iris Schmid ◽  
Xiulin Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heat Stress ◽  
Elevated Co2 ◽  
Interactive Effects

scholarly journals Effect of two‐week heat stress during grain filling on stem reserves, senescence, and grain yield of European winter wheat cultivars

2020 ◽  
Vol 206 (6) ◽  
pp. 722-733 ◽  
Author(s):  
Siegfried Schittenhelm ◽  
Tina Langkamp‐Wedde ◽  
Martin Kraft ◽  
Lorenz Kottmann ◽  
Katja Matschiner
Keyword(s):  
Heat Stress ◽  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Grain Filling ◽  
Wheat Cultivars ◽  
Winter Wheat Cultivars ◽  
European Winter Wheat ◽  
Stem Reserves

scholarly journals Genetic divergence and path analysis in wheat cultivars under heat stress

2020 ◽  
Vol 50 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carlos Eduardo da Silva Oliveira ◽  
Agner de Freitas Andrade ◽  
André Zoz ◽  
Renato Lustosa Sobrinho ◽  
Tiago Zoz
Keyword(s):  
Heat Stress ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Path Analysis ◽  
Genetic Divergence ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Wheat Breeding ◽  
Wheat Crop ◽  
Wheat Cultivars ◽  
Tropical Regions ◽  
Randomized Block Design

ABSTRACT One of the biggest limitations for the wheat crop expansion to Brazilian tropical regions is the high temperature in the rainy season. This study aimed to select, based on genetic divergence and path analysis, cultivars that tolerate cultivation in the summer (heat stress). Nine wheat cultivars were sown, using a randomized block design with three replications, with plots consisting of 10 rows of 6 m and row spacing of 0.15 m. The highest grain yield and number of ears m-2 were observed for the CD 150 cultivar and the largest 1,000-grain weight for CD 116. BRS 220, IPR 136, IPR 144 and BRS Pardela had the highest number of sterile spikelets. The highest number of grains per ear was observed for CD 150, CD 116, BRS Pardela, IPR 130 and IPR 85, showing direct effects on grain yield, evidenced by the path analysis. CD 116 and CD 150 were the most productive cultivars and can be considered as possible parents in wheat breeding programs. IPR 85, CD 116, CD 108 and CD 150 showed a greater tolerance to high temperatures.

scholarly journals Grain yield response of some agronomy practices on contemporary common winter wheat cultivars (Triticum aestivum L.)

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 308-314
Author(s):  
M. Nankova ◽  
A. Atanasov
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Oilseed Rape ◽  
Yield Response ◽  
Wheat Cultivars ◽  
Mineral Fertilization ◽  
Previous Crop ◽  
Winter Wheat Cultivars ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Four Levels

Abstract. During 2014–2017, the influence of some main agronomy factors on the size of the resultant agronomic effect from their application to contemporary common winter wheat cultivars was investigated. The study was carried out in the experimental field (Haplic Chernozems soil type) of Dobrudzha Agricultural Institute – General Toshevo. The trial was designed by the split plot method, in four replications, on harvest area of 12m2. Cultivars Sadovo 1, Pryaspa, Kami, Kalina, Kiara, Kossara and Katarjina were grown after winter oilseed rape, spring pea, sunflower and grain maize at four levels of nutrition regime. The nutrition regime was differentiated depending on the previous crop. After spring pea, 30, 60 and 90 kg N/ha were used, and after the rest of the previous crops – 60, 120 and 180 kg N/ha. With the exception of the check variant all fertilizer variants were against background fertilization with 60 kg P2O5/ha and 60 kg K2O/ha. The positive reaction from the complex interaction of the tested agronomy factors was best expressed in 2015 – 2409.2 kg/ha, while during the extremely unfavorable year 2016, the effect was only 628.2 kg/ha. The independent and combined action of the mineral fertilization and the year conditions had determining influence on the size of the agronomic effect (AE). The positive effect from the mineral fertilization on the values of AE was accompanied by slight differentiation between the tested fertilization norms. Within this study, the highest mean value of AE was determined after fertilization with N180P60K60 – 2274.2 kg/ha. The variation in the mean size of AE depending on the type of previous crop was high – from 900.6 kg/ha (pea) to 2031.2 kg/ha (oilseed rape). The applied agronomy practices caused differentiation in the mean values of AE according to the type of cultivar. The cultivars Kiara (1796.1 kg/ha) and Kalina (1704.5 kg/ha) were with the highest size of AE. They exceeded the AE values of the two standard cultivars Sadovo 1 and Pryaspa by 30.26% and 23.62%, respectively. Averaged for the research, it was found that AE was in positive statistically significant correlation with grain yield and its physical properties.

Evidence for differences between three wheat cultivars in yield response to plant population

1991 ◽  
Vol 42 (5) ◽  
pp. 701 ◽  
Author(s):  
WK Anderson ◽  
J Barclay
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Western Australia ◽  
Plant Population ◽  
The Other ◽  
Yield Response ◽  
Small Populations ◽  
Wheat Cultivars ◽  
Optimum Population

Three wheat cultivars were grown at five seed levels in 15 experiments under rain-fed conditions in the central wheatbelt of Western Australia in the 1986, 1987 and 1988 seasons. Guthea (released in 1982, 87 cm tall) required less seed and fewer plants on average to achieve its maximum grain yield than either Gamenya (released in 1960, 82 cm) or Aroona (released in 1981, 73 cm). At sites where Gutha was best adapted its optimum population was 65 plants m-2, about half of the population required by the other two cultivars. At sites where Aroona was best adapted its optimum population was 110 plants m-2. Gutha produced larger ears, especially at small populations, but did not increase kernel numbers per m2 in response to increased populations as much as Aroona. It is suggested that when a new cultivar is released its optimum plant population should be assessed in the area for which it is recommended.

Nitrogen fertilizer and wheat in a semi-arid environment. 2. Climatic factors affecting response

1968 ◽  
Vol 8 (31) ◽  
pp. 223 ◽  
Author(s):  
JS Russell
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Nitrogen Fertilizer ◽  
Climatic Factors ◽  
Yield Response ◽  
Straw Yield ◽  
Growing Period ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Nitrogen Yield ◽  
Grain Nitrogen ◽  
Applied Nitrogen

The response of Gabo wheat to nitrogen fertilizer at 52 sites in the wheat growing areas of South Australia during 1956-61 was examined in relation to climatic factors by a stepwise multiple regression analysis using a computer. The ten dependent variables were the linear and quadratic coefficients obtained by fitting orthogonal polynomials to response curves of various parameters (grain yield, grain + straw yield, harvest index, grain nitrogen percentage, and grain nitrogen yield) to applied nitrogen at each of the 52 sites. The 23 independent variables were the amounts of rainfall and evaporation during the growing period, maximum and minimum temperatures and estimates of high temperature stress during spring and amount of rainfall immediately after sowing at each site. The climatic variables examined explained 46.5, 64.3, and 64.3 per cent of the variation in the response to nitrogen fertilizer of grain yield, grain + straw yield, and grain nitrogen yield respectively. The positive effects of increasing amounts of winter rainfall on yield response to applied nitrogen were marked. On the other hand, the negative effects of high maximum temperatures in the latter part of the growing period, particularly during October, on yield response were also evident.

The effect of cropping after medic and non-medic pastures on total soil nitrogen, and on the grain yield and nitrogen content of wheat

1980 ◽  
Vol 20 (103) ◽  
pp. 220 ◽  
Author(s):  
CL Tuohey ◽  
AD Robson
Keyword(s):  
Seasonal Variation ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Nitrogen Content ◽  
Soil Nitrogen ◽  
Yield Response ◽  
Strongly Correlated ◽  
Nitrogen Response ◽  
Total Soil ◽  
Grain Nitrogen ◽  
Total Soil Nitrogen

The effect of medic and non-medic pastures on grain yield and nitrogen content of wheat was studied over 15 seasons on a friable grey clay in the Wimmera. The effects of length and type of pasture ley on grain yield and nitrogen content were closely related to the effects of these treatments on total soil nitrogen. Grain yield was not increased in any season by increasing total soil nitrogen beyond 0.1 10%. The grain yield response to increased total soil nitrogen varied markedly with seasons and most of the variation could be accounted for by variation in November rainfall; grain yield response was greater in years of higher November rainfall. Grain nitrogen content increased with increasing total soil nitrogen over the range studied (0.078% to 0.1 28%). Seasonal variation in grain nitrogen response to total soil nitrogen was mainly associated with variation in September and November rainfall. Higher September rainfall increased the response and higher November rainfall decreased it. The decline in total soil nitrogen that occurred with cropping was strongly correlated with the level of total soil nitrogen before cropping.

Nutrition of irrigated crops on an alkaline brown clay soil at Trangie, New South Wales. 2. Wheat

1986 ◽  
Vol 26 (4) ◽  
pp. 451 ◽  
Author(s):  
DK Muldoon
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Clay Soil ◽  
Yield Response ◽  
Nitrogen Fertiliser ◽  
Grain Yields ◽  
South Wales ◽  
Irrigated Crops ◽  
Grain Nitrogen ◽  
Irrigated Wheat ◽  
Brown Clay

In a field nutrient-omission experiment, nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, sulfur and zinc were sequentially omitted from a 'complete' fertiliser applied to irrigated wheat on an alkaline brown clay soil. Wheat forage and grain yields were recorded for 3 years following this single application. The chemical composition of forage and grain was determined. A second experiment elucidated the response to nitrogen fertiliser after 2 years of wheat or fallow. Deficiencies of phosphorus and nitrogen were evident in the second and subsequent crops. Forage and grain yields were reduced in the absence of these elements as were the respective concentrations of phosphorus and nitrogen in the forage and grain. The omission of zinc fertiliser reduced the concentration of zinc in the grain but not the grain yield. Omitting sulfur led to lower grain yields in the second year. Both sulfur and nitrogen were required to achieve maximum grain nitrogen and sulfur contents. The response to nitrogen fertiliser peaked at 130 kg/ha N after a fallow. After continuous wheat, however, over 200 kg/ha N was required for maximum yields. A positive tillering response to nitrogen accounted for much of this grain yield response. Grain nitrogen contents remained low until 100kg/ha N was applied.

Wheat Cultivars Vary Widely in Their Responses of Grain Yield and Quality to Short Periods of Post-Anthesis Heat Stress

1994 ◽  
Vol 21 (6) ◽  
pp. 887 ◽  
Author(s):  
PJ Stone ◽  
ME Nicolas
Keyword(s):  
Heat Stress ◽  
High Temperature ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Amylose Content ◽  
High Temperature Treatment ◽  
Wheat Cultivars ◽  
Yield And Quality ◽  
Apparent Amylose Content ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Grain Yield And Quality

Short periods of high temperature (> 35�C) are common during the post-anthesis period in Australian wheat crops and have recently been shown to significantly reduce grain yield and quality. In view of this, 75 cultivars of wheat were screened for tolerance to 3 days of high temperature (max. 40�C). Detailed results for grain yield and quality are presented for five wheat cultivars in order to illustrate the wide range of responses to short periods of high temperature. Individual kernel mass decreased by up to 23%, depending on variety, and the gliadin : glutenin ratio altered in the range -9 to +18% in response to high temperature treatment, also depending on variety. Noodle swelling power was significantly affected by heat in two cultivars, but there was no significant change due to heat in the apparent amylose content in any variety. The marked response of several yield and quality components to a heat treatment lasting only ca 5% of the grain-filling period suggests that starch and protein synthesis do not immediately andlor fully recover from short, severe heat stress. In addition, we conclude that wheat shows considerable genetic variability in tolerance to short periods of high temperature for both grain yield and quality.

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