scholarly journals The influence of sponge-dwelling gobies (Elacatinus horsti) on the feeding efficiency of their Caribbean tube sponge ( Aplysina sp.) hosts

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Megan J Siemann ◽  
Aldo Turco ◽  
Shannon D Brown ◽  
Rita BJ Peachey
Keyword(s):  
Food Availability ◽  
Marine Invertebrates ◽  
Sponge Species ◽  
Feeding Rates ◽  
Feeding Efficiency ◽  
In Situ Methods ◽  
Fluorescein Dye ◽  
Measure Estimate

Mutualistic associations between benthic marine invertebrates and reef taxa are common. Sponge-dwelling gobies benefit from protection within sponge tubes and greater food availability. Sponge-dwelling gobies are hypothesized to increase sponge pump rates by consuming polychaete parasites, but such increases have not yet been demonstrated. We investigated the association between sponge-dwelling gobies (Elacatinus horsti) and two species of tube sponge (Aplysina lacunosa and Aplysina archeri) in Bonaire, Caribbean Netherlands. We visually assessed goby presence in sponges and used in situ methods with fluorescein dye to measure estimate feeding rates via pump rates. Aplysina archeri were more likely to host a goby than A. lacunosa. For both sponge species, pump rates of tubes with gobies were higher on average than those of tubes without gobies. Our observations, therefore, suggest that E. horsti associations with Aplysina are likely mutualistic relationships in which sponges benefit from higher feeding rates when gobies are present.

LIGHTER-THAN-AIR (LTA) UNMANNED AERIAL SYSTEM (UAS) CARRIER CONCEPT FOR SURVAILLANCE AND DISASTER MANAGEMENT

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
pp. 1255
Author(s):  
Ahmad Salahuddin Mohd Harithuddin ◽  
Mohd Fazri Sedan ◽  
Syaril Azrad Md Ali ◽  
Shattri Mansor ◽  
Hamid Reza Jifroudi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Unmanned Aerial Vehicles ◽  
Disaster Management ◽  
Unmanned Aerial Systems ◽  
Unmanned Aerial System ◽  
Border Control ◽  
Aerial Vehicles ◽  
Operational Safety ◽  
In Situ Methods ◽  
Aerial Systems

Unmanned aerial systems (UAS) has many advantages in the fields of SURVAILLANCE and disaster management compared to space-borne observation, manned missions and in situ methods. The reasons include cost effectiveness, operational safety, and mission efficiency. This has in turn underlined the importance of UAS technology and highlighted a growing need in a more robust and efficient unmanned aerial vehicles to serve specific needs in SURVAILLANCE and disaster management. This paper first gives an overview on the framework for SURVAILLANCE particularly in applications of border control and disaster management and lists several phases of SURVAILLANCE and service descriptions. Based on this overview and SURVAILLANCE phases descriptions, we show the areas and services in which UAS can have significant advantage over traditional methods.

Pressure and Temperature Adaptation of Cytosolic Malate Dehydrogenases of Shallowand Deep-Living Marine Invertebrates: Evidence for High Body Temperatures in Hydrothermal Vent Animals

1991 ◽  
Vol 159 (1) ◽  
pp. 473-487 ◽  
Author(s):  
ELIZABETH DAHLHOFF ◽  
GEORGE N. SOMERO
Keyword(s):  
Deep Sea ◽  
Hydrothermal Vents ◽  
Elevated Temperatures ◽  
Marine Invertebrates ◽  
Distribution Patterns ◽  
Pressure Effects ◽  
Temperature Adaptation ◽  
Body Temperatures ◽  
Elevated Pressures

Effects of temperature and hydrostatic pressure were measured on cytosolic malate dehydrogenases (cMDHs) from muscle tissue of a variety of shallow- and deep-living benthic marine invertebrates, including seven species endemic to the deep-sea hydrothermal vents. The apparent Michaelis-Menten constant (Km) of coenzyme (nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide, NADH), used to index temperature and pressure effects, was conserved within a narrow range (approximately 15–25 μmoll−1) at physiological temperatures and pressures for all species. However, at elevated pressures, the Km of NADH rose sharply for cMDHs of shallow species (depths of occurrence >Approximately 500 m), but not for the cMDHs of deep-sea species. Cytosolic MDHs of invertebrates from the deep-sea hydrothermal vents generally were not perturbed by elevated temperatures (15–25°C) at in situ pressures, but cMDHs of cold-adapted deep-sea species were. At a single measurement temperature, the Km of NADH for cMDHs from invertebrates from habitats with well-characterized temperatures was inversely related to maximal sustained body temperature. This correlation was used to predict the maximal sustained body temperatures of vent invertebrates for which maximal habitat and body temperatures are difficult to estimate. Species occurring on the ‘smoker chimneys’, which emit waters with temperatures up to 380°C, are predicted to have sustained body temperatures that are approximately 20–25°C higher than vent species living in cooler vent microhabitats. We conclude that, just as adaptation of enzymes to elevated pressures is important in establishing species’ depth distribution patterns, adaptation of pressure-adapted enzymes to temperature is critical in enabling certain vent species to exploit warm-water microhabitats in the vent environment.

Material Reliability of Low-Temperature Boron Deposition for PureB Silicon Photodiode Fabrication

MRS Advances ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (57-58) ◽  
pp. 3397-3402 ◽  
Author(s):  
L.K. Nanver ◽  
K. Lyon ◽  
X. Liu ◽  
J. Italiano ◽  
J. Huffman
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Layer Thickness ◽  
Vapor Deposition ◽  
Dark Current ◽  
Deposition Temperature ◽  
Chemical Vapor ◽  
Silicon Photodiode ◽  
In Situ Methods ◽  
Deposition Conditions

ABSTRACTThe chemical-vapor deposition conditions for the growth of pure boron (PureB) layers on silicon at temperatures as low as 400°C were investigated with the purpose of optimizing photodiodes fabricated with PureB anodes for minimal B-layer thickness, low dark current and chemical robustness. The B-deposition is performed in a commercially-available Si epitaxial reactor from a diborane precursor. In-situ methods commonly used to improve the cleanliness of the Si surface before deposition are tested for a deposition temperature of 450°C and PureB layer thickness of 3 nm. Specifically, high-temperature baking in hydrogen, and exposure to HCl are tested. Both material analysis and electrical diode characterization indicate that these extra cleaning steps degrade the properties of the PureB layer and the fabricated diodes.

In Situ Methods for Identifying the Stem Cell of the Normal and Cancerous Breast

2014 ◽  
pp. 151-182 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yanrong Su ◽  
Pedro J. Gutiérrez Diez ◽  
Julia Santucci-Pereira ◽  
Irma H. Russo ◽  
Jose Russo
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cell ◽  
In Situ Methods

scholarly journals DETERMINATION OF MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF REPAIR MORTARS USING IN SITU METHODS UNDER DIFFERENT CURINGS

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
pp. 3-18
Author(s):  
Ali Saberi Varzaneh ◽  
Mahmoud Naderi
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Concrete Structures ◽  
High Impact ◽  
Physical Factors ◽  
High Confidence ◽  
In Situ Methods ◽  
Repair Mortars ◽  
Friction Transfer

Considering the differences between environmental conditions of concrete structures and laboratory conditions, it is important to determine the parameters of the materials at the site of the structure. One of these materials is cement-based repair mortars due to the damage of concrete structures that may arise due to chemical or physical factors, these structures are required to be repaired. For this reason, in this paper, to determine the strength of repair mortars of different ages and under different Curing, Situ methods "Friction-Transfer" and "Pull-off" were used and the relationships between the Flexural Compressive, Tensile and readings obtained from the above methods on cementations mortars are presented. Experiments were performed on mortars at ages 3, 7, 28, 42 and 90 days under the conditions of "waterlogging", "Curing Agent" and "releasing in the outdoor". The results show the high impact of the process on the Flexural Compressive, Tensile of the repair mortars and the results of the "Friction-Transfer" and "Pull-off" methods. Also, a high correlation coefficient was obtained between the mechanical properties of the mortars and the results of the above tests; it is possible to measure the mechanical properties of repair mortars in situ with high confidence and in situ

scholarly journals Habitat traits and food availability determine the response of marine invertebrates to ocean acidification

2014 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 765-777 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christian Pansch ◽  
Iris Schaub ◽  
Jonathan Havenhand ◽  
Martin Wahl
Keyword(s):  
Ocean Acidification ◽  
Food Availability ◽  
Marine Invertebrates

Evidence for Degradation of the Chrome Yellows in Van Gogh’sSunflowers: A Study Using Noninvasive In Situ Methods and Synchrotron-Radiation-Based X-ray Techniques

2015 ◽  
Vol 127 (47) ◽  
pp. 14129-14133 ◽  
Author(s):  
Letizia Monico ◽  
Koen Janssens ◽  
Ella Hendriks ◽  
Frederik Vanmeert ◽  
Geert Van der Snickt ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Synchrotron Radiation ◽  
X Ray ◽  
In Situ Methods
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