scholarly journals Nonlinear dynamics in auditory cortical activity reveal the neural basis of perceptual warping in speech categorization

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jared A. Carter ◽  
Eugene H. Buder ◽  
Gavin Bidelman
Keyword(s):  
Event Related Potentials ◽  
Brain Regions ◽  
Phonetic Category ◽  
Neural Basis ◽  
Top Down ◽  
Sequential Order ◽  
Vowel Identification ◽  
History Effects ◽  
Related Potentials ◽  
Speech Categorization

Surrounding context influences speech listening, resulting in dynamic shifts to category percepts. To examine its neural basis, event-related potentials (ERPs) were recorded during vowel identification with continua presented in random, forward, and backward orders to induce perceptual nonlinearities. Behaviorally, sequential order shifted listeners' categorical boundary vs. random delivery revealing perceptual warping (biasing) of the heard phonetic category dependent on recent stimulus history. ERPs revealed later (~300 ms) activity localized to superior temporal and middle/inferior frontal gyri that predicted listeners' hysteresis magnitudes. Findings demonstrate that top-down, stimulus history effects on speech categorization are governed by interactions between frontotemporal brain regions.

Neural Mechanisms of Risky Decision Making in Monetary Gain and Loss Situations

2013 ◽  
Vol 41 (10) ◽  
pp. 1725-1736 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fei He ◽  
Hao Guan ◽  
Zhijing Zhao ◽  
Rong Cao
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Event Related Potentials ◽  
Brain Regions ◽  
Neural Basis ◽  
Chinese Adults ◽  
Risky Decision ◽  
Risk Seeking ◽  
Related Potentials ◽  
Gain And Loss ◽  
Monetary Gain

Our aim was to investigate the cognitive neural basis, the behavioral characteristics, and the cognitive process of decision making with a group of 30 healthy Chinese adults. Two conditions with tasks drawn from prospect theory allowed us to examine how different risky decisions and related behaviors activate specific brain regions. Participants completed 2 decision tasks in which the amount of possible monetary gain and loss differed. Event-related potentials recorded for analysis during these tasks involved the N2 and P3 components. Participants' behaviors showed risk aversion in the monetary gain condition and risk seeking in the loss condition. Reaction time for risk-seeking decisions in a loss condition was significantly slower than for the same decision in a gain condition. The reactions to uncertainty shared a general neural network, but reactions were activated with different intensities in certain brain regions.

Branched chain amino acids decrease top-down event-related potentials in healthy subjects

2007 ◽  
Vol 40 (05) ◽  
Author(s):  
AH Neuhaus ◽  
TE Goldberg ◽  
Y Hassoun ◽  
JA Bates ◽  
KW Nassauer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Healthy Subjects ◽  
Event Related Potentials ◽  
Branched Chain Amino Acids ◽  
Top Down ◽  
Related Potentials ◽  
Branched Chain

Abnormal Neural Basis of Emotional Conflict Control in Treatment-Resistant Depression

2016 ◽  
Vol 48 (2) ◽  
pp. 103-110 ◽  
Author(s):  
Song Xue ◽  
Shanshan Wang ◽  
Xia Kong ◽  
Jiang Qiu
Keyword(s):  
Stroop Task ◽  
Event Related Potentials ◽  
Frontal Region ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Treatment Resistant Depression ◽  
Treatment Resistant ◽  
Neural Basis ◽  
Emotional Conflict ◽  
Related Potentials ◽  
Resistant Depression

Emotional conflict has received increased attention as a research topic. The objective of this study is to confirm that the processing of emotional conflict is impaired in treatment-resistant depression (TRD). We compared the event-related potentials of 17 patients with TRD and 17 healthy controls during the face-word Stroop task, which is an effective way of assessing the effects of emotional conflict directly. Compared with healthy controls, the accuracy scores of the TRD patients were lower in both “congruent stimuli” and “incongruent stimuli” conditions, and their response times were longer. The TRD patients also had larger N2 amplitudes over the frontal region, regardless of stimulus condition, which might reflect that TRD patients pay more attention to emotional information. A larger P3 amplitude over the frontal region for “incongruent stimuli minus congruent stimuli” was also found among patients with TRD, which indicates interference effects in the Stroop task. The results of this study provide novel behavioral and neurophysiological evidence of anomalies in cognitive inhibition among patients with TRD using the word-face task. These findings not only improve our understanding of deficient inhibition in TRD, but also pave the way for a cognitive neuropsychiatric model of depression.

Effect of Perospirone on p300 Electrophysiological Activity and Social Cognition in Schizophrenia: A Three-dimensional Analysis with (s)loreta

2009 ◽  
Vol 24 (S1) ◽  
pp. 1-1
Author(s):  
T. Sumiyoshi ◽  
Y. Higuchi ◽  
T. Itoh ◽  
M. Matsui ◽  
H. Arai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Social Cognition ◽  
Partial Agonist ◽  
Verbal Learning ◽  
Current Source ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Event Related Potentials ◽  
Brain Regions ◽  
Electrophysiological Activity ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Related Potentials

The purpose of this study was to determine if perospirone, a second generation antipsychotic drug and partial agonist at serotonin-5-HT1A receptors, enhances electrophysiological activity, such as event-related potentials (ERPs), in frontal brain regions, as well as cognitive function in subjects with schizophrenia. P300 current source images were obtained by means of standardized low resolution brain electromagnetic tomography (sLORETA) before and after treatment with perospirone for 6 months. Perospirone significantly increased P300 current source density in the left superior frontal gyrus, and improved positive symptoms and performance on the script tasks, a measure of verbal social cognition. Perospirone also tended to enhance verbal learning memory in patients with schizophrenia. There was a significant correlation between the changes in P300 amplitudes on the left frontal lead and those in social cognition. These results suggest the changes in three-dimensional distribution of cortical activity, as demonstrated by sLORETA, may mediate some of the actions of antipsychotic drugs. the distinct cognition-enhancing profile of perospirone may be related to its actions on 5-HT1A receptors.

scholarly journals Auditory attention alterations in migraine: a behavioral and MEG/EEG study

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rémy Masson ◽  
Yohana Lévêque ◽  
Geneviève Demarquay ◽  
Hesham ElShafei ◽  
Lesly Fornoni ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Event Related Potentials ◽  
Orienting Response ◽  
List Type ◽  
Top Down ◽  
Attention Task ◽  
Bottom Up ◽  
Attentional Processes ◽  
Related Potentials ◽  
The Right ◽  
Task Irrelevant

AbstractObjectivesTo evaluate alterations of top-down and/or bottom-up attention in migraine and their cortical underpinnings.Methods19 migraineurs between attacks and 19 matched control participants performed a task evaluating jointly top-down and bottom-up attention, using visually-cued target sounds and unexpected task-irrelevant distracting sounds. Behavioral responses and MEG/EEG were recorded. Event-related potentials and fields (ERPs/ERFs) were processed and source reconstruction was applied to ERFs.ResultsAt the behavioral level, neither top-down nor bottom-up attentional processes appeared to be altered in migraine. However, migraineurs presented heightened evoked responses following distracting sounds (orienting component of the N1 and Re-Orienting Negativity, RON) and following target sounds (orienting component of the N1), concomitant to an increased recruitment of the right temporo-parietal junction. They also displayed an increased effect of the cue informational value on target processing resulting in the elicitation of a negative difference (Nd).ConclusionsMigraineurs appear to display increased bottom-up orienting response to all incoming sounds, and an enhanced recruitment of top-down attention.SignificanceThe interictal state in migraine is characterized by an exacerbation of the orienting response to attended and unattended sounds. These attentional alterations might participate to the peculiar vulnerability of the migraine brain to all incoming stimuli.HighlightsMigraineurs performed as well as healthy participants in an attention task.However, EEG markers of both bottom-up and top-down attention are increased.Migraine is also associated with a facilitated recruitment of the right temporo-parietal junction.

scholarly journals Electrophysiological differences in older and younger adults’ anaphoric but not cataphoric pronoun processing in the absence of age-related behavioural slowdown

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Seçkin Arslan ◽  
Katerina Palasis ◽  
Fanny Meunier
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Short Term Memory ◽  
Memory Span ◽  
Event Related Potentials ◽  
Brain Regions ◽  
Younger Adults ◽  
Behavioural Responses ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Related Potentials ◽  
Anterior Negativity

Abstract This study reports on an event-related potentials experiment to uncover whether per-millisecond electrophysiological brain activity and analogous behavioural responses are age-sensitive when comprehending anaphoric (referent-first) and cataphoric (pronoun-first) pronouns. Two groups of French speakers were recruited (young n = 18; aged 19–35 and older adults n = 15; aged 57–88) to read sentences where the anaphoric/cataphoric pronouns and their potential referents either matched or mismatched in gender. Our findings indicate that (1) the older adults were not less accurate or slower in their behavioural responses to the mismatches than the younger adults, (2) both anaphoric and cataphoric conditions evoked a central/parietally distributed P600 component with similar timing and amplitude in both the groups. Importantly, mean amplitudes of the P600 effect were modulated by verbal short-term memory span in the older adults but not in the younger adults, (3) nevertheless, the older but not the younger adults displayed an additional anterior negativity emerging on the frontal regions in response to the anaphoric mismatches. These results suggest that pronoun processing is resilient in healthy ageing individuals, but that functional recruitment of additional brain regions, evidenced with the anterior negativity, compensates for increased processing demands in the older adults’ anaphora processing.

scholarly journals Who Comes First? The Role of the Prefrontal and Parietal Cortex in Cognitive Control

2005 ◽  
Vol 17 (9) ◽  
pp. 1367-1375 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcel Brass ◽  
Markus Ullsperger ◽  
Thomas R. Knoesche ◽  
D. Yves von Cramon ◽  
Natalie A. Phillips
Keyword(s):  
Prefrontal Cortex ◽  
Cognitive Control ◽  
Parietal Cortex ◽  
Inferior Frontal Gyrus ◽  
Event Related Potentials ◽  
Brain Regions ◽  
High Temporal Resolution ◽  
Cortical Region ◽  
Task Set ◽  
Related Potentials

Cognitive control processes enable us to adjust our behavior to changing environmental demands. Although neuropsychological studies suggest that the critical cortical region for cognitive control is the prefrontal cortex, neuro-imaging studies have emphasized the interplay of prefrontal and parietal cortices. This raises the fundamental question about the different contributions of prefrontal and parietal areas in cognitive control. It was assumed that the prefrontal cortex biases processing in posterior brain regions. This assumption leads to the hypothesis that neural activity in the prefrontal cortex should precede parietal activity in cognitive control. The present study tested this assumption by combining results from functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) providing high spatial resolution and event-related potentials (ERPs) to gain high temporal resolution. We collected ERP data using a modified task-switching paradigm. In this paradigm, a situation where the same task was indicated by two different cues was compared with a situation where two cues indicated different tasks. Only the latter condition required updating of the task set. Task-set updating was associated with a midline negative ERP deflection peaking around 470 msec. We placed dipoles in regions activated in a previous fMRI study that used the same paradigm (left inferior frontal junction, right inferior frontal gyrus, right parietal cortex) and fitted their directions and magnitudes to the ERP effect. The frontal dipoles contributed to the ERP effect earlier than the parietal dipole, providing support for the view that the prefrontal cortex is involved in updating of general task representations and biases relevant stimulus-response associations in the parietal cortex.

scholarly journals Acute dopamine depletion with branched chain amino acids decreases auditory top-down event-related potentials in healthy subjects

2009 ◽  
Vol 111 (1-3) ◽  
pp. 167-173 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andres H. Neuhaus ◽  
Terry E. Goldberg ◽  
Youssef Hassoun ◽  
John A. Bates ◽  
Katharine W. Nassauer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Healthy Subjects ◽  
Event Related Potentials ◽  
Branched Chain Amino Acids ◽  
Dopamine Depletion ◽  
Top Down ◽  
Related Potentials ◽  
Branched Chain

scholarly journals Inhibitory Top-Down Control Deficits in Schizophrenia With Auditory Verbal Hallucinations: A Go/NoGo Task

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qiaoling Sun ◽  
Yehua Fang ◽  
Yongyan Shi ◽  
Lifeng Wang ◽  
Xuemei Peng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Time ◽  
Event Related Potentials ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Top Down ◽  
Auditory Verbal Hallucinations ◽  
Parietal Area ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Related Potentials ◽  
Patient Groups ◽  
P3 Amplitude

Objective: Auditory verbal hallucinations (AVH), with unclear mechanisms, cause extreme distresses to schizophrenia patients. Deficits of inhibitory top-down control may be linked to AVH. Therefore, in this study, we focused on inhibitory top-down control in schizophrenia patients with AVH.Method: The present study recruited 40 schizophrenia patients, including 20 AVH patients and 20 non-AVH patients, and 23 healthy controls. We employed event-related potentials to investigate the N2 and P3 amplitude and latency differences among these participants during a Go/NoGo task.Results: Relative to healthy controls, the two patient groups observed longer reaction time (RT) and reduced accuracy. The two patient groups had smaller NoGo P3 amplitude than the healthy controls, and the AVH patients showed smaller NoGo P3 amplitude than the non-AVH patients. In all the groups, the parietal area showed smaller NoGo P3 than frontal and central areas. However, no significant difference was found in N2 and Go P3 amplitude between the three groups.Conclusions: AVH patients might have worse inhibitory top-down control, which might be involved in the occurrence of AVH. Hopefully, our results could enhance understanding of the pathology of AVH.

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