scholarly journals Elastin degradation markers are elevated in never-smokers with past history of prolonged exposure to secondhand tobacco smoke and are inversely associated with their lung function

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jelena Mustra Rakic ◽  
Siyang Zeng ◽  
Linnea Rohdin-Bibby ◽  
Erin L Van Blarigan ◽  
Xingjian Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lung Function ◽  
Tobacco Smoke ◽  
Plasma Levels ◽  
Flight Attendants ◽  
Diffusing Capacity ◽  
Elastin Degradation ◽  
Secondhand Tobacco Smoke ◽  
History Of ◽  
Shs Exposure ◽  
Never Smokers

Background- Prolonged past exposure to secondhand tobacco smoke (SHS) in never-smokers is associated with occult obstructive lung disease and abnormal lung function, in particular reduced diffusing capacity. Previous studies have shown ongoing SHS exposure to be associated with increased elastin degradation markers (EDM) desmosine and isodesmosine. Research Question- Are EDM levels elevated in persons with remote history of SHS exposure, and are those levels associated with reduced lung function? Study Design and Methods- We measured the plasma levels of EDM from 193 never-smoking flight attendants with history of remote but prolonged SHS exposure in aircraft cabin and 103 nonsmoking flight attendants or sea-level control participants without history of cabin SHS exposure, and examined those levels versus their lung function with adjustment for covariates. The cabin SHS exposure was estimated based on airline employment history and dates of smoking ban enactment. EDM plasma levels were quantified by high-performance liquid chromatography and tandem mass spectrometry. Results- The median [interquartile range; IQR] plasma EDM level for all participants was 0.30 [0.24 to 0.36] ng/mL with a total range of 0.16 to 0.65 ng/mL. Plasma EDM levels were elevated in those with history of exposure to cabin SHS compared to those not exposed (0.33±0.08 vs. 0.26±0.06 ng/mL; age- and sex-adjusted P<0.001). In those with history of cabin SHS-exposure, higher EDM levels were associated with lower diffusing capacity (parameter estimate (PE) [95%CI]=4.2 [0.4 to 8.0] %predicted decrease per 0.1 ng/mL increase in EDM; P=0.030). Furthermore, EDM levels were inversely associated with FEV1, FEV1/FVC, and FEF25-75 (PE [95%CI]=5.8 [2.1 to 9.4], 4.0 [2.2 to 5.7], and 12.5 [5.8 to 19.2]% predicted decrease per 0.1 ng/mL increase in EDM, respectively) (P<0.001).

scholarly journals Long-term Impact of Prior Secondhand Tobacco Smoke Exposure on Respiratory Health

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fernando Diaz del Valle ◽  
Jonathan K. Zakrajsek ◽  
Sung-Joon Min ◽  
Patricia B. Koff ◽  
Harold W. Bell ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lung Function ◽  
Tobacco Smoke ◽  
Respiratory Symptoms ◽  
Respiratory Health ◽  
Tobacco Smoke Exposure ◽  
Unit Increase ◽  
Secondhand Tobacco Smoke ◽  
Shs Exposure ◽  
Long Term Impact

Rationale: Ongoing secondhand tobacco smoke (SHS) exposure is associated with worsened respiratory health, but little is known about the long-term impact decades after exposure ended. Objective: Determine the long-term consequences of SHS exposure on respiratory health. Methods: Population-based, cohort study in subjects ≥50 years old who had >1 year versus ≤1 year of airline occupational SHS-exposure. Measurements and Main Results: Respiratory health was the primary outcome measured by the St. Georges Respiratory Questionnaire (SGRQ). Key secondary outcomes included respiratory symptoms measured by COPD Assessment Test (CAT) and pre-bronchodilator lung function. The study enrolled 183 SHS-exposed and 59 unexposed subjects. SHS-exposed subjects were exposed to airline SHS for 16.1±9.3 years, which ended 27.5±9.4 years prior to enrollment. Prior SHS-exposure was associated with worse respiratory health based on a 6.7-unit increase in SGRQ (95% CI=[2.7, 10.7]; p=0.001) and 3-unit increase in CAT (95% CI=1.4, 4.6]; p<0.001) versus unexposed subjects, but was not associated with airflow obstruction defined by FEV1:FVC<0.7. Clinically-significant respiratory symptoms (CAT≥10) in SHS-exposed never smokers with preserved lung function (FEV1:FVC ≥0.7 and FVC ≥lower limit of normal) were associated with decreased respiratory and non-respiratory quality-of-life, reduced lung function that remained within the normal range, increased comorbidities and inhaled bronchodilator use, higher plasma CRP and SAA-1 and fewer sinonasal basal stem/progenitor cells versus asymptomatic (CAT<10) SHS-exposed subjects. Conclusion: SHS is associated with a phenotype of impaired respiratory health almost 3 decades after exposure ended, consistent with a symptomatic form of COPD with preserved lung function recently described in smokers.

Assessment of Global Lung Function Initiative (GLI) reference equations for diffusing capacity in relation to respiratory burden in the Swedish CArdioPulmonary bioImage Study (SCAPIS)

2020 ◽  
Vol 56 (2) ◽  
pp. 1901995 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrei Malinovschi ◽  
Xingwu Zhou ◽  
Björn Bake ◽  
Göran Bergström ◽  
Anders Blomberg ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lung Function ◽  
Reference Values ◽  
Airflow Limitation ◽  
Diffusing Capacity ◽  
High Resolution Computed Tomography ◽  
Swedish Population ◽  
Reference Equations ◽  
Lms Method ◽  
Never Smokers ◽  
Lower Limit Of Normal

The Global Lung Function Initiative (GLI) has recently published international reference values for diffusing capacity of the lung for carbon monoxide (DLCO). Lower limit of normal (LLN), i.e. the 5th percentile, usually defines impaired DLCO. We examined if the GLI LLN for DLCO differs from the LLN in a Swedish population of healthy, never-smoking individuals and how any such differences affect identification of subjects with respiratory burden.Spirometry, DLCO, chest high-resolution computed tomography (HRCT) and questionnaires were obtained from the first 15 040 participants, aged 50–64 years, of the Swedish CArdioPulmonary bioImage Study (SCAPIS). Both GLI reference values and the lambda-mu-sigma (LMS) method were used to define the LLN in asymptomatic never-smokers without respiratory disease (n=4903, of which 2329 were women).Both the median and LLN for DLCO from SCAPIS were above the median and LLN from the GLI (p<0.05). The prevalence of DLCO <GLI LLN (and also <SCAPIS LLN) was 3.9%, while the prevalence of DLCO >GLI LLN but <SCAPIS LLN was 5.7%. Subjects with DLCO >GLI LLN but <SCAPIS LLN (n=860) had more emphysema (14.3% versus 4.5%, p<0.001), chronic airflow limitation (8.5% versus 3.9%, p<0.001) and chronic bronchitis (8.3% versus 4.4%, p<0.01) than subjects (n=13 600) with normal DLCO (>GLI LLN and >SCAPIS LLN). No differences were found with regard to physician-diagnosed asthma.The GLI LLN for DLCO is lower than the estimated LLN in healthy, never-smoking, middle-aged Swedish adults. Individuals with DLCO above the GLI LLN but below the SCAPIS LLN had, to a larger extent, an increased respiratory burden. This suggests clinical implications for choosing an adequate LLN for studied populations.

scholarly journals Association of secondhand tobacco smoke exposure during childhood on adult cardiovascular disease risk among never-smokers

2019 ◽  
Vol 32 ◽  
pp. 28-34.e1 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maxwell Pistilli ◽  
Virginia J. Howard ◽  
Monika M. Safford ◽  
Brian K. Lee ◽  
Gina S. Lovasi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Tobacco Smoke ◽  
Disease Risk ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease Risk ◽  
Smoke Exposure ◽  
Tobacco Smoke Exposure ◽  
Secondhand Tobacco Smoke ◽  
Never Smokers

scholarly journals Personalized Risk Assessment in Never, Light, and Heavy Smokers in a prospective cohort in Taiwan

2016 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Xifeng Wu ◽  
Chi Pang Wen ◽  
Yuanqing Ye ◽  
MinKwang Tsai ◽  
Christopher Wen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lung Cancer ◽  
Family History ◽  
Lung Function ◽  
Risk Prediction ◽  
Prospective Cohort ◽  
Lung Function Test ◽  
Function Test ◽  
History Of ◽  
Never Smokers ◽  
Heavy Smokers

Abstract The objective of this study was to develop markedly improved risk prediction models for lung cancer using a prospective cohort of 395,875 participants in Taiwan. Discriminatory accuracy was measured by generation of receiver operator curves and estimation of area under the curve (AUC). In multivariate Cox regression analysis, age, gender, smoking pack-years, family history of lung cancer, personal cancer history, BMI, lung function test, and serum biomarkers such as carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), bilirubin, alpha fetoprotein (AFP), and c-reactive protein (CRP) were identified and included in an integrative risk prediction model. The AUC in overall population was 0.851 (95% CI = 0.840–0.862), with never smokers 0.806 (95% CI = 0.790–0.819), light smokers 0.847 (95% CI = 0.824–0.871), and heavy smokers 0.732 (95% CI = 0.708–0.752). By integrating risk factors such as family history of lung cancer, CEA and AFP for light smokers, and lung function test (Maximum Mid-Expiratory Flow, MMEF25–75%), AFP and CEA for never smokers, light and never smokers with cancer risks as high as those within heavy smokers could be identified. The risk model for heavy smokers can allow us to stratify heavy smokers into subgroups with distinct risks, which, if applied to low-dose computed tomography (LDCT) screening, may greatly reduce false positives.

Behavioral and Physiological Responses to Nicotine Patch Administration Among Nonsmokers Based on Acute and Chronic Secondhand Tobacco Smoke Exposure

2015 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 60-67
Author(s):  
Chizimuzo Okoli ◽  
Jonathan Kodet ◽  
Heather Robertson
Keyword(s):  
Behavioral Health ◽  
Health Effects ◽  
Tobacco Smoke ◽  
Nicotine Patch ◽  
Physiological Responses ◽  
Tobacco Smoke Exposure ◽  
Nicotine Administration ◽  
Secondhand Tobacco Smoke ◽  
Shs Exposure ◽  
Time Point

Introduction: Despite the large amount that is known about the physical health effects of secondhand tobacco smoke (SHS) exposure, little is known about the behavioral health effects. Nicotine, the principle psychoactive substance in SHS, elicits subjective mood and physiological responses in nonsmokers. However, no studies have examined the subjective mood or physiological responses to nicotine in nonsmokers while accounting for prior chronic or acute SHS exposure. Methods: A 7-mg nicotine patch was administered to 17 adult nonsmokers for 2 hr. Main outcome measures obtained at ½ hr, 1 hr, and 2 hr were subjective behavioral drug effects (based on eleven 10-cm Visual Analog Scales [VASs]) and the physiological measures of heart rate, blood pressure, and serum nicotine levels. Analysis of outcome data was based on participants’ chronic (using hair nicotine) or acute (using saliva cotinine) SHS exposure. Results: Greater chronic SHS exposure was negatively associated with pleasurable responses to nicotine administration (“drug feels good” score at 2-hr time point, Spearman’s ρ = −.65, p < .004), whereas greater acute SHS exposure was associated with positive responses (“like feeling of drug” score at 2-hr time point, Spearman’s ρ = .63, p < .01). There were no associations between chronic or acute exposure and physiological changes in response to nicotine administration. Discussion: The findings of this study may be useful in providing preliminary empirical data for future explorations of the mechanism whereby SHS exposure can influence behavioral outcomes in nonsmokers. Such studies can inform future interventions to reduce the physical and behavioral health risks associated with SHS exposure.

scholarly journals Nicotine dependence symptoms among young never-smokers exposed to secondhand tobacco smoke

2008 ◽  
Vol 33 (12) ◽  
pp. 1557-1563 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mathieu Bélanger ◽  
Jennifer O'Loughlin ◽  
Chizimuzo T.C. Okoli ◽  
Jennifer J. McGrath ◽  
Maninder Setia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nicotine Dependence ◽  
Tobacco Smoke ◽  
Secondhand Tobacco Smoke ◽  
Never Smokers

scholarly journals Effects of Side Lying on Lung Function in Older Individuals

1999 ◽  
Vol 79 (5) ◽  
pp. 456-466 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fiona Manning ◽  
Elizabeth Dean ◽  
Jocelyn Ross ◽  
Raja T Abboud
Keyword(s):  
Lung Function ◽  
Vital Capacity ◽  
Forced Expiratory Volume ◽  
Phase Iii ◽  
Diffusing Capacity ◽  
Older Individuals ◽  
Transport Pathway ◽  
Single Breath ◽  
History Of ◽  
Body Positioning

Abstract Background and Purpose. Body positioning exerts a strong effect on pulmonary function, but its effect on other components of the oxygen transport pathway are less well understood, especially the effects of side-lying positions. This study investigated the interrelationships between side-lying positions and indexes of lung function such as spirometry, alveolar diffusing capacity, and inhomogeneity of ventilation in older individuals. Subjects and Methods. Nineteen nonsmoking subjects (mean age=62.8 years, SD=6.8, range=50–74) with no history of cardiac or pulmonary disease were tested over 2 sessions. The test positions were sitting and left side lying in one session and sitting and right side lying in the other session. In each of the positions, forced vital capacity (FVC), forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1), single-breath pulmonary diffusing capacity (DLCO/VA), and the slope of phase III (DN2%/L) of the single-breath nitrogen washout test to determine inhomogeneity of ventilation were measured. Results. Compared with measurements obtained in the sitting position, FVC and FEV1 were decreased equally in the side-lying positions, but no change was observed in DLCO/VA or DN2%/L. Conclusion and Discussion. Side-lying positions resulted in decreases in FVC and FEV1, which is consistent with the well-documented effects of the supine position. These findings further support the need for prescriptive rather than routine body positioning of patients with risks of cardiopulmonary compromise and the need to use upright positions in which lung volumes and capacities are maximized.

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