scholarly journals Differential Risk of SARS-CoV-2 Infection by Occupation: Evidence from the Virus Watch prospective cohort study in England and Wales

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah Beale ◽  
Susan J Hoskins ◽  
Thomas Edward Byrne ◽  
Erica Wing Lam Fong ◽  
Ellen Fragaszy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cohort Study ◽  
Prospective Cohort Study ◽  
Prospective Cohort ◽  
Infection Risk ◽  
Elevated Risk ◽  
England And Wales ◽  
Health Related ◽  
Risk Ratios ◽  
Over Time ◽  
Differential Risk

Background: Workers differ in their risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection according to their occupation, but the direct contribution of occupation to this relationship is unclear. This study aimed to investigate how infection risk differed across occupational groups in England and Wales up to October 2021, after adjustment for potential confounding and stratification by pandemic phase. Methods: Data from 12,182 employed/self-employed participants in the Virus Watch prospective cohort study were used to generate risk ratios for virologically- or serologically-confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection using robust Poisson regression, adjusting for socio-demographic and health-related factors and non-work public activities. We calculated attributable fractions (AF) amongst the exposed for each occupational group based on adjusted risk ratios (aRR). Findings: Increased risk was seen in nurses (aRR=1.90 [1.40-2.40], AF=47%); doctors (1.74 [1.26-2.40], 42%); carers (2.18 [1.63-2.92], 54%); teachers (primary = 1.94 [1.44- 2.61], 48%; secondary =1.64, [1.23-2.17], 39%), and warehouse and process/plant workers (1.58 [1.20-2.09], 37%) compared to both office-based professional occupations (reported above) and all other occupations. Differential risk was apparent in the earlier phases (Feb 2020 - May 2021) and attenuated later (June - October 2021) for most groups, although teachers demonstrated persistently elevated risk. Interpretation: Occupational differentials in SARS-CoV-2 infection risk are robust to adjustment for socio-demographic, health-related, and activity-related potential confounders. Patterns of differential infection risk varied over time, and ongoing excess risk was observed in education professionals. Direct investigation into workplace factors underlying elevated risk and how these change over time is needed to inform occupational health interventions.

scholarly journals Postoperative infection risk after splenectomy: A prospective cohort study

2015 ◽  
Vol 17 ◽  
pp. 10-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Galinos Barmparas ◽  
Alexander W. Lamb ◽  
Debora Lee ◽  
Brandon Nguyen ◽  
Jamie Eng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cohort Study ◽  
Prospective Cohort Study ◽  
Prospective Cohort ◽  
Postoperative Infection ◽  
Infection Risk

Serum Uric Acid Levels and Their Changes and Risk of Stroke: A 7-Year Prospective Cohort Study in Northwest China

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Shan Zheng ◽  
Yan Luo ◽  
Qian Miao ◽  
Zhiyuan Cheng ◽  
Yanli Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Uric Acid ◽  
Cohort Study ◽  
Serum Uric Acid ◽  
Prospective Cohort Study ◽  
Prospective Cohort ◽  
Reference Group ◽  
Northwest China ◽  
Stroke Incidence ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Over Time

<b><i>Introduction:</i></b> It is not clear whether serum uric acid (SUA) levels and their changes over time are associated with the risk of stroke. A 7-year prospective cohort study in northwest China was conducted to analyze effects of SUA and their changes on the risk of stroke. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> A total of 23,262 individuals without cardiovascular disease in the Jinchang cohort were followed up for an average of 5.26 years. The Cox proportional hazard model was used to estimate the hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence interval (95% CI) of stroke incidence to SUA and relative changes in SUA. Sensitivity analysis was performed after controlling the effect of renal insufficiency. <b><i>Results:</i></b> Baseline SUA and relative changes in SUA were positively correlated with the incidence of stroke in both males and females (<i>p</i> for overall association &#x3c;0.0001). Stroke risk increased by 4.6% per 10% increase in the relative change of SUA (HR = 1.046, 95% CI, 1.007–1.086). The fully adjusted regression analysis demonstrated that only the large gain (&#x3e;30%) in SUA was associated with an increased risk of stroke by 36.5% (95% CI, 1.8–83.0%), compared with the reference group (participants within ±10% changes in SUA). The same trend was observed in people with normal baseline SUA. In the unadjusted model, the risk of stroke associated with elevated SUA was significantly higher in the hyperuricemia group than in the normal SUA group. <b><i>Conclusion:</i></b> High initial SUA concentration and an increase in SUA concentration over time would increase the risk of stroke, and this means that there is no safe increase in SUA.

scholarly journals Comparison between self-administered depression questionnaires and patients' own views of changes in their mood: a prospective cohort study in primary care

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Catherine Hobbs ◽  
Gemma Lewis ◽  
Christopher Dowrick ◽  
Daphne Kounali ◽  
Tim J. Peters ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Primary Care ◽  
Cohort Study ◽  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Prospective Cohort Study ◽  
Prospective Cohort ◽  
Patient Health ◽  
Related Quality ◽  
Health Related ◽  
Depression Scales ◽  
Patients Experience

Abstract Background Self-administered questionnaires are widely used in primary care and other clinical settings to assess the severity of depressive symptoms and monitor treatment outcomes. Qualitative studies have found that changes in questionnaire scores might not fully capture patients' experience of changes in their mood but there are no quantitative studies of this issue. We examined the extent to which changes in scores from depression questionnaires disagreed with primary care patients' perceptions of changes in their mood and investigated factors influencing this relationship. Methods Prospective cohort study assessing patients on four occasions, 2 weeks apart. Patients (N = 554) were recruited from primary care surgeries in three UK sites (Bristol, Liverpool and York) and had reported depressive symptoms or low mood in the past year [68% female, mean age 48.3 (s.d. 12.6)]. Main outcome measures were changes in scores on patient health questionnaire (PHQ-9) and beck depression inventory (BDI-II) and the patients' own ratings of change. Results There was marked disagreement between clinically important changes in questionnaire scores and patient-rated change, with disagreement of 51% (95% CI 46–55%) on PHQ-9 and 55% (95% CI 51–60%) on BDI-II. Patients with more severe anxiety were less likely, and those with better mental and physical health-related quality of life were more likely, to report feeling better, having controlled for depression scores. Conclusions Our results illustrate the limitations of self-reported depression scales to assess clinical change. Clinicians should be cautious in interpreting changes in questionnaire scores without further clinical assessment.

scholarly journals Recovery of health-related quality of life in ICU patients: a 5-year prospective cohort study

Critical Care ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 19 (Suppl 1) ◽  
pp. P565
Author(s):  
J Hofhuis ◽  
HF Stel ◽  
AJ Schrijvers ◽  
JH Rommes ◽  
PE Spronk
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Cohort Study ◽  
Prospective Cohort Study ◽  
Prospective Cohort ◽  
Health Related Quality ◽  
Icu Patients ◽  
Related Quality ◽  
Health Related

scholarly journals Effect of self-reported home smoking restriction on smoking initiation among adolescents in Taiwan: a prospective cohort study

BMJ Open ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 5 (6) ◽  
pp. e007025 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dih-Ling Luh ◽  
Hsiu-Hsi Chen ◽  
Amy Ming-Fang Yen ◽  
Ting-Ting Wang ◽  
Sherry Yueh-Hsia Chiu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High School ◽  
Cohort Study ◽  
Prospective Cohort Study ◽  
Junior High School ◽  
Prospective Cohort ◽  
Smoking Initiation ◽  
Smoking Behaviour ◽  
Smoking Restriction ◽  
Health Related ◽  
Paternal Smoking

ObjectiveThe aims of this study were to investigate the influence of home smoking restriction (HSR) and the modified effect of parental smoking on smoking initiation among adolescents.DesignProspective Cohort Study.SettingJunior high school in Keelung City, Taiwan.ParticipantsThis study collected and evaluated primary data from the Adolescent Smoking and Other Health-Related Behaviour Survey conducted in Keelung City, which aimed to investigate smoking and health-related behaviours in junior high school students (2008–2009). Data on students free of smoking in 2008 and following them until 2009 (n=901) to ascertain whether they had started smoking were analysed with logistic regression mode to examine the proposed postulates.Main outcome measureThe outcome variable was smoking initiation, which was defined as smoking status (yes/no) in the 2009 follow-up questionnaire. The main independent variable was HSR obtained from an adolescent self-reported questionnaire. Information on parental smoking was measured by adolescents self-reporting the smoking behaviour of their father and mother.ResultsThe rate of HSR was 29.79% among 7th grade adolescents. The effect of HSR on smoking initiation in adolescents was statistically significantly modified by paternal smoking (p=0.04) but not by maternal smoking (p=0.54). The effect of HSR on smoking initiation was small for fathers with the habit of smoking (OR=0.89, 95% CI (0.42 to 1.88)), but the corresponding effect size was 3.2-fold (OR=2.84, 95% CI 1.19 to 6.81) for fathers without the habit of smoking.ConclusionsPaternal smoking behaviour may play an interactive role with HSR in preventing smoking initiation among Taiwanese adolescents.

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