scholarly journals Supramolecular assembly of chloroplast NAD(P)H dehydrogenase-like complex with photosystem I from Arabidopsis thaliana

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaodong Su ◽  
Duanfang Cao ◽  
Xiaowei Pan ◽  
Lifang Shi ◽  
Zhenfeng Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Arabidopsis Thaliana ◽  
Photosystem I ◽  
Regulatory Mechanism ◽  
Supramolecular Assembly ◽  
Protein Subunits ◽  
The Core ◽  
Structural Details ◽  
Transport Flow ◽  
Core Part ◽  
Resolution Structure

Cyclic electron transport/flow (CET/CEF) in chloroplasts is a regulatory mechanism crucial for optimization of plant photosynthetic efficiency. CET is catalyzed by a membrane-embedded NAD(P)H dehydrogenase-like (NDH) complex containing at least 29 protein subunits and associating with photosystem I (PSI) to form the NDH-PSI supercomplex. Here we report the 3.9 angstrom resolution structure of Arabidopsis thaliana NDH-PSI (AtNDH-PSI) supercomplex. We have constructed structural models for 26 AtNDH subunits, among which 11 subunits are unique to chloroplast and stabilize the core part of NDH complex. In the supercomplex, one NDH can bind up to two PSI-LHCI complexes at both sides of its membrane arm. Two minor LHCIs, Lhca5 and Lhca6, each present in one PSI-LHCI, interact with NDH and contribute to the supercomplex formation and stabilization. Our results showed structural details of the supercomplex assembly and provide molecular basis for further investigation of the regulatory mechanism of CEF in plants.

Identification of a single-copy gene encoding a Type I chlorophyll a/b-binding polypeptide of photosystem I in Arabidopsis thaliana

1992 ◽  
Vol 84 (4) ◽  
pp. 561-567 ◽  
Author(s):  
Poul E. Jensen ◽  
Michael Kristensen ◽  
Tine Hoff ◽  
Jan Lehmbeck ◽  
Bjarne M. Stummann ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Arabidopsis Thaliana ◽  
Chlorophyll A ◽  
Photosystem I ◽  
Single Copy ◽  
Type I ◽  
Single Copy Gene ◽  
Gene Encoding ◽  
Copy Gene

scholarly journals Structures of Rhodopseudomonas palustris RC-LH1 complexes with open or closed quinone channels

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. eabe2631
Author(s):  
David J. K. Swainsbury ◽  
Pu Qian ◽  
Philip J. Jackson ◽  
Kaitlyn M. Faries ◽  
Dariusz M. Niedzwiedzki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Binding Sites ◽  
Rhodopseudomonas Palustris ◽  
Ring Closure ◽  
Light Harvesting Complex ◽  
The Core ◽  
Quinone Binding ◽  
Cryo Electron Microscopy ◽  
Unique Protein ◽  
Center Light ◽  
Resolution Structure

The reaction-center light-harvesting complex 1 (RC-LH1) is the core photosynthetic component in purple phototrophic bacteria. We present two cryo–electron microscopy structures of RC-LH1 complexes from Rhodopseudomonas palustris. A 2.65-Å resolution structure of the RC-LH114-W complex consists of an open 14-subunit LH1 ring surrounding the RC interrupted by protein-W, whereas the complex without protein-W at 2.80-Å resolution comprises an RC completely encircled by a closed, 16-subunit LH1 ring. Comparison of these structures provides insights into quinone dynamics within RC-LH1 complexes, including a previously unidentified conformational change upon quinone binding at the RC QB site, and the locations of accessory quinone binding sites that aid their delivery to the RC. The structurally unique protein-W prevents LH1 ring closure, creating a channel for accelerated quinone/quinol exchange.

scholarly journals Stomatal Development in the Context of Epidermal Tissues

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keiko U Torii
Keyword(s):  
Arabidopsis Thaliana ◽  
Molecular Genetic ◽  
Cell Lineage ◽  
Optimal Growth ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
State Transitions ◽  
Stomatal Development ◽  
Water Control ◽  
Pavement Cells ◽  
The Core

Abstract Background Stomata are adjustable pores on the surface of plant shoots for efficient gas exchange and water control. The presence of stomata is essential for plant growth and survival, and the evolution of stomata is considered as a key developmental innovation of the land plants, allowing colonization on land from aquatic environments some 450 million years ago. In the past two decades, molecular genetic studies using the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana identified key genes and signalling modules that regulate stomatal development: master-regulatory transcription factors that orchestrate cell-state transitions and peptide-receptor signal transduction pathways, which, together, enforce proper patterning of stomata within the epidermis. Studies in diverse plant species, ranging from bryophytes to angiosperm grasses, have begun to unravel the conservation and uniqueness of the core modules in stomatal development. Scope Here, I review the mechanisms of stomatal development in the context of epidermal tissue patterning. First, I introduce the core regulatory mechanisms of stomatal patterning and differentiation in the model species Arabidopsis thaliana. Subsequently, experimental evidence is presented supporting the idea that different cell types within the leaf epidermis, namely stomata, hydathodes pores, pavement cells, and trichomes, either share developmental origins or mutually influence each other’s gene regulatory circuits during development. Emphasis is taken on extrinsic and intrinsic signals regulating the balance between stomata and pavement cells, specifically by controlling the fate of Stomatal-Lineage Ground Cells (SLGCs) to remain within the stomatal-cell lineage or differentiate into pavement cells. Finally, I discuss the influence of inter-tissue-layer communication between the epidermis and underlying mesophyll/vascular tissues on stomatal differentiation. Understanding the dynamic behaviors of stomatal precursor cells and their differentiation in the broader context of tissue and organ development may help design plants tailored for optimal growth and productivity in specific agricultural applications and a changing environment.

scholarly journals Microbiological aspects of biogenic amines formation in ripening cheeses

2007 ◽  
Vol 55 (4) ◽  
pp. 23-28
Author(s):  
Olga Cwiková ◽  
Vlastimil Dohnal ◽  
Tomáš Komprda
Keyword(s):  
Lactic Acid ◽  
Lactic Acid Bacteria ◽  
Biogenic Amines ◽  
Starter Cultures ◽  
Part C ◽  
The Core ◽  
Edge Part ◽  
Core Part ◽  
Hard Cheese ◽  
Microbiological Aspects

Counts of lactic acid bacteria (LAB), total anaerobes and enterococci were determined in the course of ripening in the edge part (E) and the core part (C) of Dutch-type semi-hard cheese produced with different fat content (30 and 45 %) by two different producers (H and R) using two different starter cultures (L and Y). Counts of LAB at the beginning of ripening (day 0) in H producer´s samples were higher (P < 0,01) in comparison with the R producer´s ones. Count of enterococci was the highest (P < 0,05) at the end of the ripening (176th day) in sample R30YE. Higher (P < 0,01) enterococci counts were in R producer´s cheeses (in comparison with the H producer´s ones). Enterococci contamination was higher (P < 0,05) in E-samples than C-samples. Content of the sum of all BA in cheese was negatively correlated (P < 0,05) with counts of lactic acid bacteria (r = –0,24) and counts of total anaerobes (r = –0,23). No correlation between the sum of BA content and enterococci counts was found.

Design of Urban-Rural Power Grid Dispatching Fault Diagnosis Expert System

2014 ◽  
Vol 539 ◽  
pp. 659-663 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiu Feng Xu
Keyword(s):  
Fault Diagnosis ◽  
Expert System ◽  
Automatic System ◽  
Power Grid ◽  
The Core ◽  
Scada System ◽  
Urban Rural ◽  
Fault Inference ◽  
Fault Information ◽  
Core Part

The paper designs the urban-rural power grid dispatching fault diagnosis expert system which acquires fault information by SCADA system of automatic system of urban-rural power grid, and uses artificial intellegence method to analyze fault information and make fault diagnosis. The paper implements the core part of the fault expert systemthe design of knowledge base and fault inference engine.

Low resistant and stable lithium-garnet electrolyte interface enabled by a multifunctional anode additive for solid-state lithium batteries

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chencheng Cao ◽  
Yijun Zhong ◽  
Kimal Chandula Wasalathilake ◽  
Moses O. Tade ◽  
Xiaomin Xu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Solid State ◽  
Energy Density ◽  
Lithium Batteries ◽  
The Core ◽  
Intrinsic Stability ◽  
Electrolyte Interface ◽  
Lithium Garnet ◽  
Solid State Batteries ◽  
Core Part

Solid-state batteries (SSBs) have attracted considerable attention due to the high intrinsic stability and theoretical energy density. As the core part, garnet electrolyte has been extensively investigated due to high...

Interoperability Issues for Systems Managing Competency Information

2010 ◽  
pp. 83-105
Author(s):  
Bernard Blandin ◽  
Geoffrey Frank ◽  
Simone Laughton ◽  
Kenji Hirata
Keyword(s):  
Supply Chain ◽  
Final Section ◽  
Reference Model ◽  
Research Programme ◽  
Semantic Model ◽  
Research Directions ◽  
The Third ◽  
The Core ◽  
Digital Services ◽  
Core Part

This chapter has four sections. The first one describes how the needs for interoperability in exchanging competency information have been addressed so far. The second part adopts a “Digital Services Supply Chain” approach and discusses the issues related to the exchange of competency information across systems regarding this approach. The third part is the core part of this chapter. It describes the 4 levels of the proposed approach: the Conceptual Reference Model (CRM), the Semantic Model, the Information Model and the Data Model. The final section presents the research directions currently envisaged, and the research programme needed to make the proposed approach operational.

The Right of Access under EU Data Protection Law

2021 ◽  
pp. 104-128
Author(s):  
Helena U. Vrabec
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Data Protection ◽  
Shared Data ◽  
The Core ◽  
Data Protection Law ◽  
The Right ◽  
Automated Decision Making ◽  
Right Of Access ◽  
Data Subject ◽  
Core Part

Chapter 5 focuses on Article 15 of the GDPR and explains the scope of the information that can be accessed under the right. The chapter then discusses the importance of the interface to submit data subject access requests. The core part of Chapter 5 is the analysis of the regulatory boundaries of the right of access and various avenues to limit the right, for instance, a conflict with the rights of another individual. Finally, the chapter illustrates how the right of access is applied in the data-driven economy by applying it to three different contexts: shared data, anonymised/pseudonymised data, and automated decision-making.

Rethinking Software Protection

2021 ◽  
pp. 341-362
Author(s):  
Peter R Slowinski
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Machine Learning ◽  
Evolutionary Algorithms ◽  
Future Development ◽  
Computer Programs ◽  
Software Protection ◽  
Computing Power ◽  
The Core ◽  
Quantum Leap ◽  
Core Part

The core of artificial intelligence (AI) applications is software of one sort or another. But while available data and computing power are important for the recent quantum leap in AI, there would not be any AI without computer programs or software. Therefore, the rise in importance of AI forces us to take—once again—a closer look at software protection through intellectual property (IP) rights, but it also offers us a chance to rethink this protection, and while perhaps not undoing the mistakes of the past, at least to adapt the protection so as not to increase the dysfunctionality that we have come to see in this area of law in recent decades. To be able to establish the best possible way to protect—or not to protect—the software in AI applications, this chapter starts with a short technical description of what AI is, with readers referred to other chapters in this book for a deeper analysis. It continues by identifying those parts of AI applications that constitute software to which legal software protection regimes may be applicable, before outlining those protection regimes, namely copyright and patents. The core part of the chapter analyses potential issues regarding software protection with respect to AI using specific examples from the fields of evolutionary algorithms and of machine learning. Finally, the chapter draws some conclusions regarding the future development of IP regimes with respect to AI.

FA and Motivating Reasons

2021 ◽  
pp. 153-165
Author(s):  
Toni Rønnow-Rasmussen
Keyword(s):  
Negative Impact ◽  
Guise Of The Good ◽  
The Core ◽  
Motivating Reasons ◽  
Core Elements ◽  
Core Part

The main aim in ‘FA and Motivating Reasons’ is to clear the ground for the discussion in Chapter 11 by drawing attention to some notions and distinctions that help us to understand the core elements of fitting-attitude analysis (FA). In particular, the distinction between explanatory and motivating reason plays a core part in this and the next chapter. In light of this distinction, the focus is on whether we should accept either ‘the guise of the good thesis’ or the more plausible ‘guise of reason thesis’. Eventually (in Chapter 11), it is argued that we should endorse neither of these. While the previous chapters gave us a positive insight (they lead to a modification of the FA pattern of analysis), this—and the next chapter also, as we shall see—will mainly have a negative impact. It suggests we should refrain from introducing certain modifications of FA analysis that at first sight might seem compelling.

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