scholarly journals A self-generated Toddler gradient guides mesodermal cell migration

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jessica Stock ◽  
Tomas Kazmar ◽  
Friederike Schlumm ◽  
Edouard Hannezo ◽  
Andrea Pauli
Keyword(s):  
Cell Migration ◽  
Scavenger Receptor ◽  
Secreted Protein ◽  
Directional Migration ◽  
Mesodermal Cell ◽  
Localized Source ◽  
Single Receptor ◽  
Guidance Cue ◽  
Chemokine Gradient ◽  
Apelin Receptor

The sculpting of germ layers during gastrulation relies on coordinated migration of progenitor cells, yet the cues controlling these long-range directed movements remain largely unknown. While directional migration often relies on a chemokine gradient generated from a localized source, we find that zebrafish ventrolateral mesoderm is guided by the uniformly expressed and secreted protein Toddler/ELABELA/Apela, acting as a self-generated gradient. We show that the Apelin receptor, which is specifically expressed in mesodermal cells, has a dual role during gastrulation, acting as a scavenger receptor to generate a Toddler gradient, and as a chemokine receptor to sense this guidance cue. Thus, we uncover a single receptor-based self-generated gradient as the enigmatic guidance cue that can robustly steer the directional migration of mesoderm through the complex and continuously changing environment of the gastrulating embryo.

scholarly journals α-Synuclein, a chemoattractant, directs microglial migration via H2O2-dependent Lyn phosphorylation

2015 ◽  
Vol 112 (15) ◽  
pp. E1926-E1935 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shijun Wang ◽  
Chun-Hsien Chu ◽  
Tessandra Stewart ◽  
Carmen Ginghina ◽  
Yifei Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Parkinson’S Disease ◽  
Parkinson's Disease ◽  
Cell Migration ◽  
Neuronal Damage ◽  
Directional Migration ◽  
Chronic Neuroinflammation ◽  
Tyrosine Protein Kinase ◽  
Microglial Migration ◽  
Directional Cell Migration ◽  
Cytoskeleton Rearrangement

Malformed α-Synuclein (α-syn) aggregates in neurons are released into the extracellular space, activating microglia to induce chronic neuroinflammation that further enhances neuronal damage in α-synucleinopathies, such as Parkinson’s disease. The mechanisms by which α-syn aggregates activate and recruit microglia remain unclear, however. Here we show that α-syn aggregates act as chemoattractants to direct microglia toward damaged neurons. In addition, we describe a mechanism underlying this directional migration of microglia. Specifically, chemotaxis occurs when α-syn binds to integrin CD11b, leading to H2O2 production by NADPH oxidase. H2O2 directly attracts microglia via a process in which extracellularly generated H2O2 diffuses into the cytoplasm and tyrosine protein kinase Lyn, phosphorylates the F-actin–associated protein cortactin after sensing changes in the microglial intracellular concentration of H2O2. Finally, phosphorylated cortactin mediates actin cytoskeleton rearrangement and facilitates directional cell migration. These findings have significant implications, given that α-syn–mediated microglial migration reaches beyond Parkinson’s disease.

scholarly journals Author response: Toddler signaling regulates mesodermal cell migration downstream of Nodal signaling

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Megan L Norris ◽  
Andrea Pauli ◽  
James A Gagnon ◽  
Nathan D Lord ◽  
Katherine W Rogers ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Migration ◽  
Author Response ◽  
Nodal Signaling ◽  
Mesodermal Cell

A normally attractive cell interaction is repulsive in two C. elegans mesodermal cell migration mutants

Development ◽  
1991 ◽  
Vol 113 (3) ◽  
pp. 797-803 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.J. Stern ◽  
H.R. Horvitz
Keyword(s):  
Cell Migration ◽  
Caenorhabditis Elegans ◽  
Premature Termination ◽  
Cell Interaction ◽  
Egg Laying ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Mesodermal Cell ◽  
C Elegans ◽  
Somatic Gonad ◽  
Sex Myoblasts

In wild-type Caenorhabditis elegans hermaphrodites, two bilaterally symmetric sex myoblasts (SMs) migrate anteriorly to flank the precise center of the gonad, where they divide to generate the muscles required for egg laying (J. E. Sulston and H. R. Horvitz (1977) Devl Biol. 56, 110–156). Although this migration is largely independent of the gonad, a signal from the gonad attracts the SMs to their precise final positions (J. H. Thomas, M. J. Stern and H. R. Horvitz (1990) Cell 62, 1041–1052). Here we show that mutations in either of two genes, egl-15 and egl-17, cause the premature termination of the migrations of the SMs. This incomplete migration is caused by the repulsion of the SMs by the same cells in the somatic gonad that are the source of the attractive signal in wild-type animals.

scholarly journals Measurement of cell migration in response to an evolving radial chemokine gradient triggered by a microvalve

Lab on a Chip ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 6 (7) ◽  
pp. 849 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charles W. Frevert ◽  
Gregory Boggy ◽  
Thomas M. Keenan ◽  
Albert Folch
Keyword(s):  
Cell Migration ◽  
Chemokine Gradient

scholarly journals Directional migration and transcriptional analysis of oligodendrocyte precursors subjected to stimulation of electrical signal

2015 ◽  
Vol 309 (8) ◽  
pp. C532-C540 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yongchao Li ◽  
Xinkun Wang ◽  
Li Yao
Keyword(s):  
Cell Migration ◽  
Electric Fields ◽  
Quantitative Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Enrichment Analysis ◽  
Central Nervous System Disease ◽  
Electrical Signal ◽  
Neural Regeneration ◽  
Mitogen Activated Protein Kinase ◽  
Transcriptional Analysis ◽  
Directional Migration

Loss of oligodendrocytes as the result of central nervous system disease causes demyelination that impairs axon function. Effective directional migration of endogenous or grafted oligodendrocyte precursor cells (OPCs) to a lesion is crucial in the neural remyelination process. In this study, the migration of OPCs in electric fields (EFs) was investigated. We found that OPCs migrated anodally in applied EFs, and the directedness and displacement of anodal migration increased significantly when the EF strength increased from 50 to 200 mV/mm. However, EFs did not significantly affect the cell migration speed. The transcriptome of OPCs subjected to EF stimulation (100 and 200 mV/mm) was analyzed using RNA sequencing (RNA-Seq), and results were verified by the reverse transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction. A Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway analysis revealed that the mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway that signals cell migration was significantly upregulated in cells treated with an EF of 200 mV/mm compared with control cells. Gene ontology enrichment analysis showed the downregulation of differentially expressed genes in chemotaxis. This study suggests that an applied EF is an effective cue to guiding OPC migration in neural regeneration and that transcriptional analysis contributes to the understanding of the mechanism of EF-guided cell migration.

Exogenous tenascin inhibits mesodermal cell migration during amphibian gastrulation

1990 ◽  
Vol 137 (2) ◽  
pp. 305-317 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jean-François Riou ◽  
De-Li Shi ◽  
Matthias Chiquet ◽  
Jean-Claude Boucaut
Keyword(s):  
Cell Migration ◽  
Mesodermal Cell

scholarly journals SRF is essential for mesodermal cell migration during elongation of the embryonic body axis

2014 ◽  
Vol 133 ◽  
pp. 23-35 ◽  
Author(s):  
Benedikt Schwartz ◽  
Matthias Marks ◽  
Lars Wittler ◽  
Martin Werber ◽  
Sandra Währisch ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Migration ◽  
Body Axis ◽  
Mesodermal Cell

scholarly journals High-Density Lipoprotein Promotes Endothelial Cell Migration and Reendothelialization via Scavenger Receptor-B Type I

2006 ◽  
Vol 98 (1) ◽  
pp. 63-72 ◽  
Author(s):  
Divya Seetharam ◽  
Chieko Mineo ◽  
Andrew K. Gormley ◽  
Linda L. Gibson ◽  
Wanpen Vongpatanasin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Migration ◽  
Endothelial Cell ◽  
High Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Scavenger Receptor ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
High Density ◽  
Endothelial Cell Migration ◽  
Type I

scholarly journals Area and Geometry Dependence of Cell Migration in Asymmetric Two-State Micropatterns

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexandra Fink ◽  
David B. Brückner ◽  
Christoph Schreiber ◽  
Peter J. F. Röttgermann ◽  
Chase P. Broedersz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Migration ◽  
Structured Surfaces ◽  
Migration Assay ◽  
Occupancy Probability ◽  
Guidance Cue ◽  
Adhesion Sites ◽  
Geometry Dependence ◽  
Cytoskeletal Dynamics ◽  
Human Breast Carcinoma Cells ◽  
Unique Framework

AbstractMicro-structured surfaces provide a unique framework to probe cell migration and cytoskeletal dynamics in a standardized manner. Here, we report on the steady-state occupancy probability of cells in asymmetric two-state microstructures that consist of two fibronectin-coated adhesion sites connected by a thin guidance cue. In these dumbbell-like structures, cells transition between the two sites in a repeated and stochastic manner and average dwell times in the respective microenvironments are determined from the cell trajectories. We study the dynamics of human breast carcinoma cells (MDA-MB-231) in these microstructures as a function of area, shape and orientation of the adhesion sites. On square adhesive sites with different areas, we find that the occupancy probability ratio is directly proportional to the ratio of corresponding adhesion site areas. Sites of equal area but different shape lead to equal occupancy, if shapes are isotropic, e.g. squared or circular. In contrast, an asymmetry in the occupancy is induced by anisotropic shapes like rhombi, triangles or rectangles that enable motion in the direction perpendicular to the transition axis. Analysis of the 2D motion of cells between two rectangles with orthogonal orientation suggests that cellular transition rates depend on the cell polarisation induced by anisotropic micropatterns. Taken together, our results illustrate how two-state-micropatterns provide a dynamic migration assay with distinct dwell times and relative cell occupancy as readouts, which may potentially be useful to probe cell-microenvironment interactions.

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