scholarly journals A High-Resolution Probabilistic In Vivo Atlas of Human Subcortical Brain Nuclei

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wolfgang M. Pauli ◽  
Amanda N. Nili ◽  
J. Michael Tyszka
Keyword(s):  
High Resolution ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Human Cognition ◽  
Brain Nuclei ◽  
Subcortical Brain ◽  
Subcortical Nuclei ◽  
Anatomical Atlas ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Mri ◽  
And Behavior

AbstractRecent advances in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) methods, including data acquisition, pre-processing and analysis, have enabled research on the contributions of subcortical brain nuclei to human cognition and behavior. At the same time, these developments have led to an increasing need for a high-resolution probabilistic in-vivo anatomical atlas of subcortical nuclei. In order to fill this gap, we constructed high spatial resolution, three-dimensional templates, using joint high accuracy diffeomorphic registration of T1- and T2- weighted structural images from 168 typical adults between 22 and 35 years old. In these templates, many tissue boundaries are clearly visible, which would otherwise be impossible to delineate in data from individual studies. The resulting delineation provides a more accurate parcellation of subcortical nuclei than current histology-based atlases. We further created a companion library of software tools for atlas development, to offer an open and evolving resource for the creation of a crowd-sourced in-vivo probabilistic anatomical atlas of the human brain.

scholarly journals A high-resolution probabilistic in vivo atlas of human subcortical brain nuclei

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Wolfgang M. Pauli ◽  
Amanda N. Nili ◽  
J. Michael Tyszka
Keyword(s):  
High Resolution ◽  
Brain Nuclei ◽  
Subcortical Brain

scholarly journals Remote Corticospinal Tract Degeneration After Cortical Stroke in Rats May Not Preclude Spontaneous Sensorimotor Recovery

2021 ◽  
pp. 154596832110413
Author(s):  
Michel R. T. Sinke ◽  
Geralda A. F. van Tilborg ◽  
Anu E. Meerwaldt ◽  
Caroline L. van Heijningen ◽  
Annette van der Toorn ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Functional Connectivity ◽  
Corticospinal Tract ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Post Stroke ◽  
Neuronal Communication ◽  
Cortical Stroke ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Mri ◽  
And Behavior ◽  
Sensorimotor Recovery

Background. Recovery of motor function after stroke appears to be related to the integrity of axonal connections in the corticospinal tract (CST) and corpus callosum, which may both be affected after cortical stroke. Objective. In the present study, we aimed to elucidate the relationship of changes in measures of the CST and transcallosal tract integrity, with the interhemispheric functional connectivity and sensorimotor performance after experimental cortical stroke. Methods. We conducted in vivo diffusion magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), resting-state functional MRI, and behavior testing in twenty-five male Sprague Dawley rats recovering from unilateral photothrombotic stroke in the sensorimotor cortex. Twenty-three healthy rats served as controls. Results. A reduction in the number of reconstructed fibers, a lower fractional anisotropy, and higher radial diffusivity in the ipsilesional but intact CST, reflected remote white matter degeneration. In contrast, transcallosal tract integrity remained preserved. Functional connectivity between the ipsi- and contralesional forelimb regions of the primary somatosensory cortex significantly reduced at week 8 post-stroke. Comparably, usage of the stroke-affected forelimb was normal at week 28, following significant initial impairment between day 1 and week 8 post-stroke. Conclusions. Our study shows that post-stroke motor recovery is possible despite degeneration in the CST and may be supported by intact neuronal communication between hemispheres.

scholarly journals Automatic Segmentation of the Dorsal Claustrum in Humans Using in vivo High-Resolution MRI

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Shai Berman ◽  
Roey Schurr ◽  
Gal Atlan ◽  
Ami Citri ◽  
Aviv A Mezer
Keyword(s):  
High Resolution ◽  
Automatic Segmentation ◽  
Thin Sheet ◽  
Brain Regions ◽  
Reproducible Research ◽  
Human Connectome Project ◽  
High Resolution Mri ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Mri ◽  
And Function

Abstract The claustrum is a thin sheet of neurons enclosed by white matter and situated between the insula and the putamen. It is highly interconnected with sensory, frontal, and subcortical regions. The deep location of the claustrum, with its fine structure, has limited the degree to which it could be studied in vivo. Particularly in humans, identifying the claustrum using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is extremely challenging, even manually. Therefore, automatic segmentation of the claustrum is an invaluable step toward enabling extensive and reproducible research of the anatomy and function of the human claustrum. In this study, we developed an automatic algorithm for segmenting the human dorsal claustrum in vivo using high-resolution MRI. Using this algorithm, we segmented the dorsal claustrum bilaterally in 1068 subjects of the Human Connectome Project Young Adult dataset, a publicly available high-resolution MRI dataset. We found good agreement between the automatic and manual segmentations performed by 2 observers in 10 subjects. We demonstrate the use of the segmentation in analyzing the covariation of the dorsal claustrum with other brain regions, in terms of macro- and microstructure. We identified several covariance networks associated with the dorsal claustrum. We provide an online repository of 1068 bilateral dorsal claustrum segmentations.

High-Resolution Ultrasound Imaging of Human Skin In Vivo by Using Three-Dimensional Ultrasound Microscopy

2012 ◽  
Vol 38 (10) ◽  
pp. 1833-1838 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kazutoshi Kumagai ◽  
Hideyuki Koike ◽  
Ryo Nagaoka ◽  
Shingo Sakai ◽  
Kazuto Kobayashi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Resolution ◽  
Human Skin ◽  
Ultrasound Imaging ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Ultrasound Microscopy

scholarly journals In vivo, high-resolution, three-dimensional imaging of port wine stain microvasculature in human skin

2013 ◽  
Vol 45 (10) ◽  
pp. 628-632 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gangjun Liu ◽  
Wangcun Jia ◽  
J. Stuart Nelson ◽  
Zhongping Chen
Keyword(s):  
High Resolution ◽  
Human Skin ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Port Wine Stain ◽  
Port Wine ◽  
Three Dimensional Imaging

scholarly journals High-resolution three-dimensional in vivo imaging of atherosclerotic plaque

1999 ◽  
Vol 42 (4) ◽  
pp. 762-771 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gerard T. Luk-Pat ◽  
Garry E. Gold ◽  
Eric W. Olcott ◽  
Bob S. Hu ◽  
Dwight G. Nishimura
Keyword(s):  
High Resolution ◽  
Atherosclerotic Plaque ◽  
In Vivo Imaging ◽  
Three Dimensional

scholarly journals Cerebral Microinfarcts: A Systematic Review of Neuropathological Studies

2012 ◽  
Vol 32 (3) ◽  
pp. 425-436 ◽  
Author(s):  
Manon Brundel ◽  
Jeroen de Bresser ◽  
Jeroen J van Dillen ◽  
L Jaap Kappelle ◽  
Geert Jan Biessels
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
High Resolution ◽  
Neuronal Loss ◽  
Weighted Average ◽  
Vascular Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Brain Regions ◽  
Older Individuals ◽  
High Resolution Mri ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Mri

Vascular cognitive impairment is an umbrella term for cognitive dysfunction associated with and presumed to be caused by vascular brain damage. Autopsy studies have identified microinfarcts as an important neuropathological correlate of vascular cognitive impairment that escapes detection by conventional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). As a frame of reference for future high-resolution MRI studies, we systematically reviewed the literature on neuropathological studies on cerebral microinfarcts in the context of vascular disease, vascular risk factors, cognitive decline and dementia. We identified 32 original patient studies involving 10,515 people. The overall picture is that microinfarcts are common, particularly in patients with vascular dementia (weighted average 62%), Alzheimer's disease (43%), and demented patients with both Alzheimer-type and cerebrovascular pathology (33%) compared with nondemented older individuals (24%). In many patients, multiple microinfarcts were detected. Microinfarcts are described as minute foci with neuronal loss, gliosis, pallor, or more cystic lesions. They are found in all brain regions, possibly more so in the cerebral cortex, particularly in watershed areas. Reported sizes vary from 50 μm to a few mm, which is within the detection limit of current high-resolution MRI. Detection of these lesions in vivo would have a high potential for future pathophysiological studies in vascular cognitive impairment.

Three-dimensional reconstruction based on images from spiral high-resolution computed tomography of the temporal bone: anatomy and clinical application

2005 ◽  
Vol 119 (9) ◽  
pp. 693-698 ◽  
Author(s):  
Beom-Cho Jun ◽  
Sun-Wha Song ◽  
Ju-Eun Cho ◽  
Chan-Soon Park ◽  
Dong-Hee Lee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
High Resolution ◽  
3D Reconstruction ◽  
Temporal Bone ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Image Data ◽  
Computer Assisted ◽  
Surface Rendering ◽  
High Resolution Computed Tomography

The aim of this study was to investigate the usefulness of a three-dimensional (3D) reconstruction of computed tomography (CT) images in determining the anatomy and topographic relationship between various important structures. Using 40 ears from 20 patients with various otological diseases, a 3D reconstruction based on the image data from spiral high-resolution CT was performed by segmentation, volume-rendering and surface-rendering algorithms on a personal computer. The 3D display of the middle and inner ear structures was demonstrated in detail. Computer-assisted measurements, many of which could not be easily measured in vivo, of the reconstructed structures provided accurate anatomic details that improved the surgeon’s understanding of spatial relationships. A 3D reconstruction of temporal bone CT might be useful for education and increasing understanding of the anatomical structures of the temporal bone. However, it will be necessary to confirm the correlation between the 3D reconstructed images and histological sections through a validation study.

scholarly journals High Resolution Ultrasound of Fillers and Their Implications in Aesthetic Medicine: A Study in Human Cadavers

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
High Resolution ◽  
Silicone Oil ◽  
Calcium Hydroxyapatite ◽  
Filler Materials ◽  
Ultrasound Images ◽  
Ultrasound Evaluation ◽  
Liquid Silicone ◽  
Human Cadavers ◽  
And Behavior

The use of fillers for cosmetic or therapeutic purposes is very common and it’s increasing daily. Although it’s true that in most cases the results are as expected, the use of these substances is not free from the development of complications, even when it’s performed by highly trained medical physicians. On the other hand, these substances can be used indiscriminately by untrained personnel leading to a serious public health complication known as iatrogenic allogenosis, which leads to problems related to malpractice. Most of the time, professionals are consulted for a second opinion regarding the use of these substances, because use of these substances might be unknown due to the patients denying or forgetting the use of these. The presence of a previous unknown filler in aesthetic areas that require treatment may trigger severe or irreversible reactions, especially if non-absorbable fillers were injected. High resolution ultrasound is an extremely useful diagnostic tool for the identification of fillers. In this paper we will describe the ultrasound appearance of hyaluronic acid, calcium hydroxyapatite, liquid silicone, silicone oil, biopolymers, and Polymethylmethacrylate (PPMA) and then we compare it with it’s reported appearance in previous studies. The injection of the substances was carried out in human cadavers with the intention of gathering ultrasound images as similar to the imaging behavior of these substances in vivo. The obtained images can be used as precise references in the ultrasound evaluation, diagnosis, follow-up and behavior of the filler materials in the benefit of a comprehensive approach in the management of patients.

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