scholarly journals Acute physical exercise improves memory consolidation in humans via BDNF and endocannabinoid signaling

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Blanca Marin Bosch ◽  
Aurélien Bringard ◽  
Maria Grazia Logrieco ◽  
Estelle Lauer ◽  
Nathalie Imobersteg ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Exercise ◽  
Acute Exercise ◽  
Memory Performance ◽  
Long Term Memory ◽  
Hippocampal Activity ◽  
High Exercise Intensity ◽  
Acute Physical Exercise ◽  
Term Performance ◽  
The Impact

AbstractRegular physical exercise enhances memory functions and neurogenesis in the hippocampus, an effect partially mediated by BDNF (Brain Derived Neurotrophic Factor). Acute exercise promotes the release of endocannabinoids (especially anandamide, AEA), which enhance BDNF release and improve hippocampal plasticity in rodents. How acute exercise affects BDNF and AEA levels and influences memory performance in humans remains to date unknown. Here we combined blood biomarkers, behavioral and fMRI measurements to assess the impact of acute physical exercise on associative memory and underlying neurophysiological mechanisms. For each participant, memory was tested after three conditions: rest, moderate or high exercise intensity. A long-term memory retest took place 3 months later. At both test and retest, memory performance increased after moderate but not high intensity exercise or rest. We also show that memory benefited from exercise-related increases in both AEA and BNDF levels: AEA boosted hippocampal activity during memory recall, while BDNF enhanced hippocampal memory representations and long-term performance.

scholarly journals A single session of moderate intensity exercise influences memory, endocannabinoids and brain derived neurotrophic factor levels in men

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Blanca Marin Bosch ◽  
Aurélien Bringard ◽  
Maria G. Logrieco ◽  
Estelle Lauer ◽  
Nathalie Imobersteg ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Exercise ◽  
Neurotrophic Factor ◽  
Acute Exercise ◽  
Memory Performance ◽  
Brain Derived Neurotrophic Factor ◽  
Moderate Intensity ◽  
Single Session ◽  
Moderate Intensity Exercise ◽  
Memory Representations

AbstractRegular physical exercise enhances memory functions, synaptic plasticity in the hippocampus, and brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) levels. Likewise, short periods of exercise, or acute exercise, benefit hippocampal plasticity in rodents, via increased endocannabinoids (especially anandamide, AEA) and BDNF release. Yet, it remains unknown whether acute exercise has similar effects on BDNF and AEA levels in humans, with parallel influences on memory performance. Here we combined blood biomarkers, behavioral, and fMRI measurements to assess the impact of a single session of physical exercise on associative memory and underlying neurophysiological mechanisms in healthy male volunteers. For each participant, memory was tested after three conditions: rest, moderate or high intensity exercise. A long-term memory retest took place 3 months later. At both test and retest, memory performance after moderate intensity exercise was increased compared to rest. Memory after moderate intensity exercise correlated with exercise-induced increases in both AEA and BNDF levels: while AEA was associated with hippocampal activity during memory recall, BDNF enhanced hippocampal memory representations and long-term performance. These findings demonstrate that acute moderate intensity exercise benefits consolidation of hippocampal memory representations, and that endocannabinoids and BNDF signaling may contribute to the synergic modulation of underlying neural plasticity mechanisms.

scholarly journals In sight, out of mind? Effects of task disengagement on visual recall precision

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Corinna Martarelli ◽  
Rebecca Ovalle-Fresa
Keyword(s):  
Memory Performance ◽  
Memory Task ◽  
Long Term Memory ◽  
Response Scale ◽  
Web Based ◽  
Term Memory ◽  
Online Setting ◽  
Thought Probes ◽  
The Impact

Disengaging from the external world—a phenomenon referred to as mind wandering—is a ubiquitous experience that has been shown to be associated with detriments in cognitive performance across a large range of tasks. In the current web-based study, we investigated the impact of task disengagement at encoding on memory performance, specifically on the quantitative (likelihood of successful recall) and qualitative (recall precision) aspects of visual long-term memory. We used a continuous delayed estimation paradigm in combination with mathematical modeling of the participants’ recall errors to distinguish the impact of off- and on-task encoding processes on visual long-term memory. Task disengagement was assessed with thought probes on a dichotomous (on- vs. off-task) and a continuous response scale (from 0% to 100% on-task). The participants were tested in an online setting (not-assisted condition, n = 27) and in an online setting assisted by an experimenter (phone-assisted condition, n = 27). The results show that being disengaged from the task during encoding predicted worse memory performance in terms of both quantity and quality. The findings suggest a graded nature of task disengagement that covaries with fine-grained differences in subsequent memory performance. Furthermore, the results highlight the potential of assessing task disengagement using thought probes in a web-based experiment.

scholarly journals Children's memory of a story experienced with virtual reality versus traditional media technology

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paola Araiza-Alba ◽  
Therese Keane ◽  
Won Sun Chen ◽  
Jordy Kaufman
Keyword(s):  
Virtual Reality ◽  
Memory Performance ◽  
Long Term Memory ◽  
Media Technology ◽  
Pronounced Difference ◽  
Story Content ◽  
Children's Memory ◽  
Video Condition ◽  
The Impact

The purpose of this study is to evaluate the impact of immersive virtual reality (IVR) on children’s memory of a story. Although long-term memory is essential for learning and IVR has been suggested as a tool to enhance learning, existing work has not examined how IVR presentations, compared with other types of storytelling, facilitate or interfere with children’s memory formation. Here, we present data from a study of 70 6- to 7-year-old children randomly assigned to experience a story in one of three modalities: IVR, video, or a paper-based book. We assessed the children’s story recall and their ability to identify the protagonist’s emotions. Results showed that, overall, children in the IVR condition performed better in the memory-recall task than the children in the video and book conditions. The most pronounced difference in memory performance was between the IVR and book conditions. In the IVR versus video conditions, 6-year-olds performed significantly better in the IVR condition than in the video condition, while 7-year-olds performed similarly in both digital-story conditions. We found no effects of condition on children’s attribution of emotions to the story’s protagonist. We conclude that IVR may enhance children’s ability to learn story content in certain situations.

Short- and long-term memory tasks predict working memory performance, and vice versa.

2019 ◽  
Vol 73 (2) ◽  
pp. 79-93 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ian Neath ◽  
Jean Saint-Aubin ◽  
Tamra J. Bireta ◽  
Andrew J. Gabel ◽  
Chelsea G. Hudson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Working Memory ◽  
Memory Performance ◽  
Long Term Memory ◽  
Term Memory ◽  
Short And Long Term

Mcdonald’s versus Vikram Bakshi

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 1-27
Author(s):  
Nitin Pangarkar ◽  
Neetu Yadav
Keyword(s):  
Emerging Markets ◽  
Multinational Corporations ◽  
Service Industry ◽  
Executive Development ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Academic Level ◽  
Quick Service ◽  
Term Performance ◽  
The Impact

Learning outcomes The case illustrates the challenges of managing JVs in emerging markets. specifically, after going through the case, students should be able to: i.Analyze the contexts in which firms need to form JVs and evaluate this need in the context of emerging markets such as India; ii.Understand how multinational corporations can achieve success in emerging markets, specifically the role of strategic (broader than the product) adaptation in success; iii.Evaluate the impact of conflict between partners on the short-term and long-term performance of a JV; and iv.Create alternatives, evaluate each alternative’s pros and cons, and recommend appropriate decisions to address the situation after a JV unravels and the organization is faced with quality and other challenges. Case overview/synopsis McDonald’s, the global giant in the quick service industry, entered India in 1993 and formed two JVs in 1995 one with Vikram Bakshi (Connaught Plaza Restaurants Ltd or CPRL) to own and operate stores in the northern and eastern zones, and another with Amit Jatia (Hardcastle Restaurants Private Limited or HRPL) to own and operate stores in the western and southern zones. Over the next 12 years, both the JVs made steady progress by opening new stores while also achieving better store-level metrics. Though CPRL was ahead of HRPL in terms of the number of stores and total revenues earned in 2008, the year marked the beginning of a long-running dispute between the two partners in CPRL, Bakshi and McDonald’s. Over the next 11 years, Bakshi and McDonald’s tried to block each other, filed court cases against each other and also exchanged recriminations in media. The feud hurt the performance of CPRL, which fell behind HRPL in terms of growth and other metrics. On May 9, 2019, the feuding partners reached an out-of-court settlement under which McDonald’s would buy out Bakshi’s shares in CPRL, thus making CPRL a subsidiary. Robert Hunghanfoo, who had been appointed head of CPRL after Bakshi’s exit, announced a temporary shutdown of McDonald’s stores to take stock of the current situation. He had to make a number of critical decisions that would impact the company’s performance in the long-term. Complexity academic level MBA, Executive MBA and executive development programs. Supplementary materials Teaching Notes are available for educators only. Subject code CSS 11: Strategy.

scholarly journals Expert radiologists have improved memory performance for images with focal abnormalities

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hayden Schill ◽  
Jeremy Wolfe ◽  
Timothy F. Brady
Keyword(s):  
Working Memory ◽  
Prior Knowledge ◽  
Memory Performance ◽  
Memory Capacity ◽  
Current Work ◽  
Long Term Memory ◽  
Attentional Processing ◽  
Term Memory ◽  
Focal Abnormality

Memory capacity depends on prior knowledge, both in working memory and in long-term memory. For example, radiologists have improved long-term memory for medical images compared to novices. Furthermore, people tend to remember abnormal or surprising items best. This is often claimed to arise primarily because such items attract additional attention at encoding. How do expertise and abnormality interact when experts are actively searching for abnormalities; e.g. radiologists looking at mammograms? In the current work, we investigate whether expert radiologists (N=32) show improved memory performance for abnormal images compared to novice participants (N=60). We consider two types of “abnormality.” A mammogram can have a focal abnormality that can be localized or it could simply be the mammogram of a woman known to have cancer (e.g. the image of the breast contralateral to the focal abnormality). Must an image have a focal abnormality for additional attentional processing to be engaged? We found that experts have better memory for mammograms than novice participants and enhanced memory for abnormal images relative to normal images. Overall, radiologists showed no memory benefit for the contralateral-abnormal images and did not discriminate them from normal images, but had enhanced memory for images with focal abnormalities. Our results suggest that focal abnormalities play an important role in enhancing memory of expert observers.

scholarly journals Dissociating refreshing and elaboration and their impacts on memory

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lea M. Bartsch ◽  
Vanessa M. Loaiza ◽  
Lutz Jäncke ◽  
Klaus Oberauer ◽  
Jarrod A. Lewis-Peacock
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Memory Performance ◽  
Ethics Committees ◽  
Fmri Data ◽  
Ethical Review ◽  
Long Term Memory ◽  
List Type ◽  
Term Memory ◽  
Age Related

AbstractMaintenance of information in working memory (WM) is assumed to rely on refreshing and elaboration, but clear mechanistic descriptions of these cognitive processes are lacking, and it is unclear whether they are simply two labels for the same process. This fMRI study investigated the extent to which refreshing, elaboration, and repeating of items in WM are distinct neural processes with dissociable behavioral outcomes in WM and long-term memory (LTM). Multivariate pattern analyses of fMRI data revealed differentiable neural signatures for these processes, which we also replicated in an independent sample of older adults. In some cases, the degree of neural separation within an individual predicted their memory performance. Elaboration improved LTM, but not WM, and this benefit increased as its neural signature became more distinct from repetition. Refreshing had no impact on LTM, but did improve WM, although the neural discrimination of this process was not predictive of the degree of improvement. These results demonstrate that refreshing and elaboration are separate processes that differently contribute to memory performance.HighlightsRepeated reading, refreshing, and elaboration are differentiable in brain activation patterns in both young and older adults.Elaboration selectively improved long-term memory for young adults, and the size of the benefit was related to the neural separability of elaboration from other processes.Older adults implemented a sub-optimal form of elaboration, and this may be a factor contributing to age-related deficits in long-term memory.Ethics statementThe study was approved by the ethical review board of the canton of Zurich (BASEC-No. 2017-00190) and all subjects gave informed written consent in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki.Data and code availability statementAll behavioral data and analysis scripts can be assessed on the Open Science Framework (osf.io/p2h8b/). The fMRI data that support the findings of this study are available on request from the corresponding author, LMB. The fMRI data are not publicly available due to restrictions of the Swiss Ethics Committees on research involving humans regarding data containing information that could compromise the privacy of research participants.

scholarly journals The Significance of Warm Colour in the Quran and Its Roles on Memory Performance

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 ◽  
pp. 1-15
Author(s):  
Norwardatun Mohamed Razali
Keyword(s):  
Memory Performance ◽  
Sensory Memory ◽  
Long Term Memory ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Yellow Colour ◽  
Term Memory ◽  
Human Psychology ◽  
Inductive Approach

Colours are mentioned many times in the Holy Qur’an. Some are mentioned as colours in general, and some of them in specific; yellow, white, black, red, green and blue. Each colour has its special connotations in the Holy Qur’an and among these colours, yellow and red are considered as warm colours. This study aimed to find the significance of warm colours in the Holy Qur’an and its relationship to human psychology; focusing on memory performance. This research had used an inductive approach in terms of selecting Quranic verses; in which yellow and red colour were mentioned. These verses were then analysed by referring to the books of exegetical considerations in order to know the implications of these colours’ usage, as well as referring to psychology books and scientific articles. The research found that yellow and red colour in the Holy Qur’an mostly indicate attracting attention or pleasing viewers. Some examples included the yellow colour in resemblance to the colour of the cow, attention to decay and destruction such as yellow colour in the withering plants, and attention to resurrection like the red colour resembling scene of the Day of Resurrection. This indication in the Holy Qur’an is consistent with psychologists’ discovery; warm colours such as red and yellow are more effective and attractive in the process of transferring information from external to sensory memory, and thus to short-term and long-term memory.

scholarly journals NEUROPHYSIOLOGICAL AND NEUROPSYCHOLOGICAL FEATURES AT PATIENTS FROM OCCUPATIONAL NOISE-INDUCED HEARING LOSS

2019 ◽  
Vol 98 (10) ◽  
pp. 1068-1073
Author(s):  
Oksana I. Shevchenko ◽  
D. V. Rusanova ◽  
O. L. Lakhman
Keyword(s):  
Latent Period ◽  
Cognitive Activity ◽  
Functional Condition ◽  
Long Term Memory ◽  
Term Memory ◽  
Diagnostic Signs ◽  
Constant Potential ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
The Impact

Introduction. Issues of studying the central origins and development of оccupational pathology in the faces of flight personnel define a need for the application of neurophysiological and neuropsychological methods of research. Material and methods. The levels of constant potential (LCP), characteristics the somatosensory caused potentials (SSVP), neuropsychological features in 95 patients with оccupational neurosensory deafness (ONSD) and 35 cases in a group of comparison are studied. Methods of the statistical analysis with a definition of W-of criterion of Shapiro-Uilka, Mann-Whitney›s U-criterion, coefficient of correlation of Spirmen, the discriminant analysis are applied. Results. in ONSD at patients the quantity of cases with the increased values of average LCP were established to prevail significantly in comparison with those in patients of a group of comparison (39% and 13% respectively, р = 0.03), strengthening of neuropower exchange in right and left frontal, central, left central, left parietal, right temporal assignments, increase in duration of the latent period of N18, N30 components are registered (р < 0.05). The condition of the cognitive sphere was characterized by the easily expressed violations of functions of analytical and synthetic thinking, оral-aural memory, visual, long-term memory, reciprocal coordination, impressive speech. Correlation connection between the index of N13-N20 and indices characterizing a condition of long-term memory, reciprocal coordination, the expressional speech is established (rs=0.45; 0.28; 0.28 at р =0.008; 0.04; 0.03 respectively), an index the between hemispheres of the relations Fd-Fs and latency of P25 and N30 (rs = 0.53 and 0.29 at р =0.009; 0.02 respectively). Diagnostic signs of brain deficiency at patients with ONSD were indices of visual gnosis, reciprocal coordination, LCP in right central, central parietal assignments of a brain, duration of the latent period of N30, N18-N20 (F=9.14; 5.43; 6.08; 4.41 4.77; 4.34 respectively). Conclusions. Violations of power metabolism in the frontal and central and parietal and temporal assignments of a brain, a functional condition of the central carrying-out structures, disorganization of cognitive activity were established to be a consequence of the impact of aviation noise and the reason of brain deficiency.

scholarly journals Effects of acute and chronic physical exercise and stress on different types of memory in rats

2008 ◽  
Vol 80 (2) ◽  
pp. 301-309 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pâmela Billig Mello ◽  
Fernando Benetti ◽  
Martín Cammarota ◽  
Iván Izquierdo
Keyword(s):  
Physical Exercise ◽  
Open Field ◽  
Spatial Learning ◽  
Recognition Task ◽  
Long Term Memory ◽  
Training Procedure ◽  
Chronic Exercise ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Male Wistar Rats

Here we study the effect of acute and chronic physical exercise in a treadmill and of daily stress (because forced exercise involves a degree of stress) during 2 or 8 weeks on different types of memory in male Wistar rats. The memory tests employed were: habituation in an open field, object recognition and spatial learning in the Morris water maze. Daily foot-shock stress enhanced habituation learning after 2 but not after 8 weeks; it hindered both short- (STM) and long-term memory (LTM) of the recognition task at 2 weeks but only STM after 8 weeks and had no effect on spatial learning after either 2 or 8 weeks. Acute but not chronic exercise also enhanced habituation in the open field and hindered STM and LTM in the recognition task. Chronic exercise enhanced one important measure of spatial learning (latency to escape) but not others. Our findings indicate that some care must be taken when interpreting effects of forced exercise on brain parameters since at least part of them may be due to the stress inherent to the training procedure.

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