scholarly journals Neuromagnetic signatures of the spatiotemporal transformation for manual pointing

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Blohm ◽  
H. Alikhanian ◽  
W. Gaetz ◽  
H.C. Goltz ◽  
J.F.X. DeSouza ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Temporal Order ◽  
Brain Regions ◽  
Movement Planning ◽  
Visual Signals ◽  
Time Dynamics ◽  
Cortical Areas ◽  
Sensorimotor Transformations ◽  
Goal Representation ◽  
Pure Motor

AbstractMovement planning involves transforming the sensory goal representation into a command in motor coordinates. Surprisingly, the real-time dynamics of sensorimotor transformations at the whole brain level remain unknown, in part due to the spatiotemporal limitations of fMRI and neurophysiological recordings. Here, we used magnetoencephalography (MEG) during pro-/anti-wrist pointing to determine (1) the cortical areas involved in transforming visual signals into appropriate hand motor commands, and (2) how this transformation occurs in real time, both within and across the regions involved. We computed sensory, motor, and sensorimotor indices in 16 bilateral brain regions for direction coding based on hemispherically lateralized de/synchronization in the α (7-15Hz) and β (15-35Hz) bands. We found a visuomotor progression, from pure sensory codes in ‘early’ occipital-parietal areas, to a temporal transition from sensory to motor coding in the majority of parietal-frontal sensorimotor areas, to a pure motor code, in both the α and β bands. Further, the timing of these transformations revealed a top-down pro/anti cue influence that propagated ‘backwards’ from frontal through posterior cortical areas. These data directly demonstrate a progressive, real-time transformation both within and across the entire occipital-parietal-frontal network that follows specific rules of spatial distribution and temporal order.

Engaging regularly with fiction influences connectivity in cortical areas for language and mentalizing

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roel M. Willems ◽  
Franziska Hartung
Keyword(s):  
Functional Connectivity ◽  
Time Course ◽  
Language Skills ◽  
Brain Regions ◽  
Brain Areas ◽  
Daily Lives ◽  
Cortical Areas ◽  
Social Abilities ◽  
Behavioral Evidence ◽  
Amount Of Reading

Behavioral evidence suggests that engaging with fiction is positively correlated with social abilities. The rationale behind this link is that engaging with fictional narratives offers a ‘training modus’ for mentalizing and empathizing. We investigated the influence of the amount of reading that participants report doing in their daily lives, on connections between brain areas while they listened to literary narratives. Participants (N=57) listened to two literary narratives while brain activation was measured with fMRI. We computed time-course correlations between brain regions, and compared the correlation values from listening to narratives to listening to reversed speech. The between-region correlations were then related to the amount of fiction that participants read in their daily lives. Our results show that amount of fiction reading is related to functional connectivity in areas known to be involved in language and mentalizing. This suggests that reading fiction influences social cognition as well as language skills.

scholarly journals Cortical neurons exhibit diverse myelination patterns that scale between mouse brain regions and regenerate after demyelination

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Cody L. Call ◽  
Dwight E. Bergles
Keyword(s):  
Cortical Neurons ◽  
Regional Differences ◽  
Brain Regions ◽  
Axon Diameter ◽  
Neuronal Identity ◽  
Cortical Areas ◽  
Myelin Sheaths ◽  
Parvalbumin Interneurons ◽  
Selection Of

ABSTRACTAxons in the cerebral cortex show a broad range of myelin coverage. Oligodendrocytes establish this pattern by selecting a cohort of axons for myelination; however, the distribution of myelin on distinct neurons and extent of internode replacement after demyelination remain to be defined. Here we show that myelination patterns of seven distinct neuron subtypes in somatosensory cortex are influenced by both axon diameter and neuronal identity. Preference for myelination of parvalbumin interneurons was preserved between cortical areas with varying myelin density, suggesting that regional differences in myelin abundance arises through local control of oligodendrogenesis. By imaging loss and regeneration of myelin sheaths in vivo we show that myelin distribution on individual axons was altered but overall myelin content on distinct neuron subtypes was restored. Our findings suggest that local changes in myelination are tolerated, allowing regenerated oligodendrocytes to restore myelin content on distinct neurons through opportunistic selection of axons.

scholarly journals Real-time dynamics in the one-dimensional Hubbard model

2014 ◽  
Vol 90 (24) ◽  
Author(s):  
Luis Seabra ◽  
Fabian H. L. Essler ◽  
Frank Pollmann ◽  
Imke Schneider ◽  
Thomas Veness
Keyword(s):  
Hubbard Model ◽  
Real Time ◽  
One Dimensional ◽  
Time Dynamics ◽  
The One

scholarly journals Computer Algebra for Real-Time Dynamics of Robots with Large Numbers of Joints

2004 ◽  
pp. 278-285 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ramutis Bansevicius ◽  
Algimantas Cepulkauskas ◽  
Regina Kulvietiene ◽  
Genadijus Kulvietis
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Computer Algebra ◽  
Time Dynamics ◽  
Large Numbers

Hedonic-Specific Activity in Piriform Cortex During Odor Imagery Mimics That During Odor Perception

2007 ◽  
Vol 98 (6) ◽  
pp. 3254-3262 ◽  
Author(s):  
Moustafa Bensafi ◽  
Noam Sobel ◽  
Rehan M. Khan
Keyword(s):  
Specific Activity ◽  
Piriform Cortex ◽  
Brain Regions ◽  
Specific Pattern ◽  
Functional Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Odor Perception ◽  
Cortical Areas ◽  
Visual Cortical ◽  
Left Insula

Although it is known that visual imagery is accompanied by activity in visual cortical areas, including primary visual cortex, whether olfactory imagery exists remains controversial. Here we asked whether cue-dependent olfactory imagery was similarly accompanied by activity in olfactory cortex, and in particular whether hedonic-specific patterns of activity evident in olfactory perception would also be present during olfactory imagery. We used functional magnetic resonance imaging to measure activity in subjects who alternated between smelling and imagining pleasant and unpleasant odors. Activity induced by imagining odors mimicked that induced by perceiving real odorants, not only in the particular brain regions activated, but also in its hedonic-specific pattern. For both real and imagined odors, unpleasant stimuli induced greater activity than pleasant stimuli in the left frontal portion of piriform cortex and left insula. These findings combine with findings from other modalities to suggest activation of primary sensory cortical structures during mental imagery of sensory events.

scholarly journals Infrared Spectroscopy Coupled with a Dispersion Model for Quantifying the Real-Time Dynamics of Kanamycin Resistance in Artificial Microbiota

2017 ◽  
Vol 89 (18) ◽  
pp. 9814-9821 ◽  
Author(s):  
Naifu Jin ◽  
Maria Paraskevaidi ◽  
Kirk T. Semple ◽  
Francis L. Martin ◽  
Dayi Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Infrared Spectroscopy ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Dispersion Model ◽  
Kanamycin Resistance ◽  
The Real ◽  
Time Dynamics
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