Response to “No evidence of functional co-adaptation between clustered microRNAs”

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yirong Wang ◽  
Hong Zhang ◽  
Jian Lu

AbstractmicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a class of endogenously expressed small non-coding RNAs that regulate target genes at the post-transcriptional level. One significant feature of miRNA is that their genomic locations are often clustered together in the genome. In a previous study (Wang, et al. 2016), we proposed a “functional co-adaptation” model to explain how clustering helps new miRNAs survive and develop functions during long-term evolution. In a manuscript recently posted at bioRxiv (doi:10.1101/274811), Marco claimed that he re-analyzed our data and came to a different conclusion. However, we found his analyses were conducted in an inappropriate approach. He also claimed that the absence of substitution in highly conserved miRNAs does not support the “functional co-adaption” model based on the misunderstanding of our model. In summary, the analyses and claims of Marco, which are flawed, do not refute our model.

2019 ◽  
Vol 36 (8) ◽  
pp. 1844-1845 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yirong Wang ◽  
Hong Zhang ◽  
Jian Lu

Abstract Metazoan miRNAs are significantly enriched in clusters. In a previous study (Wang, et al. 2016), we proposed a “functional co-adaptation” model to explain how clustering helps new miRNAs survive and develop functions during long-term evolution. Recently, Marco re-analyzed our data and came to a different conclusion. The major concern Marco raised is whether the observed number of genes targeted by at least two conserved miRNAs with different seeds from the same miRNA clusters is statistically higher than the number obtained under the assumption of randomness. Marco claimed that our approach of shuffling miRNA–target interactions would lead to spuriously low P values. Marco also argued our observation that clustered miRNAs have more common targets than expected is mostly contributed by seeds with similar sequences. However, we found his analyses were conducted in an inappropriate approach and do not refute our model. We also provide new evidences to reaffirm our model.


Author(s):  
Chaithra. H. U ◽  
Vani H.R

Now a days in Wireless Local Area Networks (WLANs) used in different fields because its well-suited simulator and higher flexibility. The concept of WLAN  with  advanced 5th Generation technologies, related to a Internet-of-Thing (IOT). In this project, representing the Network Simulator (NS-2) used linked-level simulators for Wireless Local Area Networks and still utilized IEEE 802.11g/n/ac with advanced IEEE 802.11ah/af technology. Realization of the whole Wireless Local Area Networking linked-level simulators inspired by the recognized Vienna Long Term Evolution- simulators. As a outcome, this is achieved to link together that simulator to detailed performances of Wireless Local Area Networking with Long Term Evolution, operated in the similar RF bands. From the advanced 5th Generation support cellular networking, such explore is main because different coexistences scenario can arise linking wireless communicating system to the ISM and UHF bands.


2013 ◽  
Vol 8 (15) ◽  
pp. 33-40
Author(s):  
Javier Enrique Arévalo Peña

En la planeación de las próximas generaciones de redes inalámbricas es importante contar con estudios de radio propagación que permitan establecer diseños adecuados para ofrecer los servicios proyectados por las nuevas tecnologías a los usuarios móviles. En este artículo se presentan aspectos relacionados con el comportamiento de cobertura de radio propagación del modelo propuesto por el 3GPP (3rd Generation Partnership Project) para un entorno urbano en una red LTE (Long Term Evolution) empleando sistemas de antenas convencionales y sistemas de antena adaptativas (AAS). Para ello se utiliza la herramienta de software ICS Designer y se establece como escenario los alrededores la Fundación Universidad Autónoma de Colombia ubicada en el centro urbano de la ciudad de Bogotá D. C.


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