scholarly journals CellexalVR: A virtual reality platform to visualise and analyse single-cell data

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Oscar Legetth ◽  
Johan Rodhe ◽  
Stefan Lang ◽  
Parashar Dhapola ◽  
Joel Pålsson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Virtual Reality ◽  
Single Cell ◽  
Dimensional Space ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Three Dimensions ◽  
Cell Populations ◽  
Virtual Reality Environment ◽  
Reduction Methods ◽  
Cell Data ◽  
Three Dimensional Space

AbstractSingle-cell RNAseq is a routinely used technique to explore the composition of cell populations, and they are often visualised using dimension reduction methods where the cells are represented in two or three dimensional space. Many tools are available to do this but visualising and cross-comparing these representations can be challenging, especially when cells are projected onto three dimensions which can be more informative for complex datasets. Here we present CellexalVR (www.cellexalvr.med.lu.se), a feature-rich, fully interactive virtual reality environment for the visualisation and analysis of single-cell experiments that allows researchers to intuitively and collaboratively gain an understanding of their data.

scholarly journals PERFORMING 3D MEASUREMENTS IN A VR ENVIRONMENT

2020 ◽  
Vol XLIII-B2-2020 ◽  
pp. 863-870
Author(s):  
D. Kontos ◽  
A. Georgopoulos
Keyword(s):  
Virtual Reality ◽  
Virtual Environment ◽  
3D Model ◽  
Dimensional Space ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Virtual Reality System ◽  
Game Engine ◽  
Virtual Reality Environment ◽  
Virtual Reality Application ◽  
Three Dimensional Space

Abstract. In the context of this paper, a virtual reality application that allows each user to perform basic topographic processes on an already created 3D model inside a virtual environment was developed. Specifically, it is an application that allows the user to perform measurements of distances between two points in three-dimensional space and measurement and extraction of the three-dimensional coordinates of any point inside the virtual reality environment. Furthermore, the created application was evaluated in terms of its functionality, its usability and metric accuracy. Before the developing stage a research was done in order to determine which virtual reality system and which game engine is most suitable to use and finally the HTC Vive® virtual reality system and the Unreal Engine 4 game engine were used. Before all that, the concept of the virtual reality science was defined and also the virtual reality technologies in today's world were analyzed.

Extension of the Spatial PDI Model to Three Dimensions

1997 ◽  
Vol 84 (1) ◽  
pp. 176-178
Author(s):  
Frank O'Brien
Keyword(s):  
Population Density ◽  
Dimensional Space ◽  
Finite Lattice ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Upper Bounds ◽  
Three Dimensions ◽  
Lower And Upper Bounds ◽  
Density Index ◽  
Three Dimensional Space

The author's population density index ( PDI) model is extended to three-dimensional distributions. A derived formula is presented that allows for the calculation of the lower and upper bounds of density in three-dimensional space for any finite lattice.

scholarly journals How Can I Grab That?

i-com ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 67-85
Author(s):  
Matthias Weise ◽  
Raphael Zender ◽  
Ulrike Lucke
Keyword(s):  
Virtual Reality ◽  
User Experience ◽  
Dimensional Space ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Multiple Dimensions ◽  
Application Developers ◽  
Three Dimensional Space

AbstractThe selection and manipulation of objects in Virtual Reality face application developers with a substantial challenge as they need to ensure a seamless interaction in three-dimensional space. Assessing the advantages and disadvantages of selection and manipulation techniques in specific scenarios and regarding usability and user experience is a mandatory task to find suitable forms of interaction. In this article, we take a look at the most common issues arising in the interaction with objects in VR. We present a taxonomy allowing the classification of techniques regarding multiple dimensions. The issues are then associated with these dimensions. Furthermore, we analyze the results of a study comparing multiple selection techniques and present a tool allowing developers of VR applications to search for appropriate selection and manipulation techniques and to get scenario dependent suggestions based on the data of the executed study.

scholarly journals Intra- and Interspecies Variability of Single-Cell Innate Fluorescence Signature of Microbial Cell

2019 ◽  
Vol 85 (18) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yutaka Yawata ◽  
Tatsunori Kiyokawa ◽  
Yuhki Kawamura ◽  
Tomohiro Hirayama ◽  
Kyosuke Takabe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Single Cell ◽  
Dimensional Space ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Population Level ◽  
Microbial Cell ◽  
Physiological Status ◽  
Growth Phases ◽  
Content Type ◽  
A Cell ◽  
Three Dimensional Space

ABSTRACT Here we analyzed the innate fluorescence signature of the single microbial cell, within both clonal and mixed populations of microorganisms. We found that even very similarly shaped cells differ noticeably in their autofluorescence features and that the innate fluorescence signatures change dynamically with growth phases. We demonstrated that machine learning models can be trained with a data set of single-cell innate fluorescence signatures to annotate cells according to their phenotypes and physiological status, for example, distinguishing a wild-type Aspergillus nidulans cell from its nitrogen metabolism mutant counterpart and log-phase cells from stationary-phase cells of Pseudomonas putida. We developed a minimally invasive method (confocal reflection microscopy-assisted single-cell innate fluorescence [CRIF] analysis) to optically extract and catalog the innate cellular fluorescence signatures of each of the individual live microbial cells in a three-dimensional space. This technique represents a step forward from traditional techniques which analyze the innate fluorescence signatures at the population level and necessitate a clonal culture. Since the fluorescence signature is an innate property of a cell, our technique allows the prediction of the types or physiological status of intact and tag-free single cells, within a cell population distributed in a three-dimensional space. Our study presents a blueprint for a streamlined cell analysis where one can directly assess the potential phenotype of each single cell in a heterogenous population by its autofluorescence signature under a microscope, without cell tagging. IMPORTANCE A cell’s innate fluorescence signature is an assemblage of fluorescence signals emitted by diverse biomolecules within a cell. It is known that the innate fluoresce signature reflects various cellular properties and physiological statuses; thus, they can serve as a rich source of information in cell characterization as well as cell identification. However, conventional techniques focus on the analysis of the innate fluorescence signatures at the population level but not at the single-cell level and thus necessitate a clonal culture. In the present study, we developed a technique to analyze the innate fluorescence signature of a single microbial cell. Using this novel method, we found that even very similarly shaped cells differ noticeably in their autofluorescence features, and the innate fluorescence signature changes dynamically with growth phases. We also demonstrated that the different cell types can be classified accurately within a mixed population under a microscope at the resolution of a single cell, depending solely on the innate fluorescence signature information. We suggest that single-cell autofluoresce signature analysis is a promising tool to directly assess the taxonomic or physiological heterogeneity within a microbial population, without cell tagging.

The Research on Architecture Design Engineering Method Based on Computer Virtual Reality Technology

2012 ◽  
Vol 487 ◽  
pp. 568-570
Author(s):  
Zhi Yi Mao
Keyword(s):  
Virtual Reality ◽  
Dimensional Space ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Building Design ◽  
Image Synthesis ◽  
Design Quality ◽  
Virtual Reality Technology ◽  
Improve Design ◽  
Design Cycle ◽  
Three Dimensional Space

Also known as virtual reality or virtual reality environments virtual environment, is rapidly developing a comprehensive computer and interactive graphics technology, which integrates computer graphics, multimedia, artificial intelligence, multi-sensor, network parallel processing, the use of computer-generated three-dimensional space image synthesis technology to achieve the goal, through visual, hearing, touch, in order to render the graphics and animation, the viewer, "seeing is bright." Virtual reality technology is an integrated building design approach, designed to reduce labor intensity, shorten the design cycle, improve design quality, saving investment. Designers to design the building and engineering units can communicate with each other on the World Wide Web.

scholarly journals On a set of quartic surfaces in space of four dimensions; and a certain involutory transformation

1926 ◽  
Vol 110 (756) ◽  
pp. 700-708
Keyword(s):  
Present Note ◽  
Dimensional Space ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Three Dimensions ◽  
Quartic Surface ◽  
Four Dimensions ◽  
Cubic Surfaces ◽  
Mutual Relations ◽  
Quartic Surfaces ◽  
Three Dimensional Space

There exists in space of four dimensions an interesting figure of 15 lines and 15 points, first considered by Stéphanos (‘Compt. Rendus,’ vol. 93, 1881), though suggested very clearly by Cremona’s discussion of cubic surfaces in three-dimensional space. In connection with the figure of 15 lines there arises a quartic surface, the intersection of two quadrics, which is of importance as giving rise by projection to the Cyclides, as Segre has shown in detail (‘Math. Ann.,’ vol. 24, 1884). The symmetry of the figure suggests, howrever, the consideration of 15 such quartic surfaces; and it is natural to inquire as to the mutual relations of these surfaces, in particular as to their intersections. In general, two surfaces in space of four dimensions meet in a finite number of points. It appears that in this case any two of these 15 surfaces have a curve in common; it is the purpose of the present note to determine the complete intersection of any two of these 15 surfaces. Similar results may be obtained for a system of cubic surfaces in three dimensions, corresponding to those here given for this system of quartic surfaces in four dimensions, since the surfaces have one point in common, which may be taken as the centre of a projection.

On the Interpretation of Vowel “Quality”: The Dimension of Rounding

1989 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 24-30 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leigh Lisker
Keyword(s):  
Vocal Tract ◽  
Dimensional Space ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Three Dimensions ◽  
Vowel Space ◽  
Tongue Position ◽  
Two Measures ◽  
The One ◽  
Jaw Position ◽  
Three Dimensional Space

The usual description of vowels in respect to their “phonetic quality” requires the linguist to locate them within a so-called “vowel space,” apparently articulatory in nature, and having three dimensions labeled high-low (or close-open), front-back, and unrounded-rounded. The first two are coordinates of tongue with associated jaw position, while the third specifies the posture of the lips. It is recognized that vowels can vary qualitatively in ways that this three-dimensional space does not account for. So, for example, vowels may differ in degree of nasalization, and they may be rhotacized or r-colored. Moreover, it is recognized that while this vowel space serves important functions within the community of linguists, both the two measures of tongue position and the one for the lips inadequately identify those aspects of vocal tract shapes that are primarily responsible for the distinctive phonetic qualities of vowels (Ladefoged 1971). With all this said, it remains true enough that almost any vowel pair of different qualities can be described as occupying different positions with the space. Someone hearing two vowels in sequence and detecting a quality difference will presumably also be able to diagnose the nature of the articulatory shift executed in going from one vowel to the other.

THREE-D SINGLETONS AND 2-D C.F.T.

1992 ◽  
Vol 07 (10) ◽  
pp. 2193-2206 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.M. HARUN AR-RASHID ◽  
C. FRONSDAL ◽  
M. FLATO
Keyword(s):  
Dimensional Space ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Three Dimensions ◽  
Alternative Formulation ◽  
Boundary Values ◽  
Witten Theory ◽  
Space Time Structure ◽  
Dimensional Space Time ◽  
Left And Right ◽  
Three Dimensional Space

Two-dimensional Wess-Zumino-Novikov-Witten theory is extended to three dimensions, where it becomes a scalar gauge theory of the singleton type. The three-dimensional formulation involves a scalar field valued in a compact group G, a Nakanishi-Lautrup field valued in Lie (G) and Faddeev-Popov ghosts. The physical sector, characterized by the vanishing of the Nakanishi-Lautrup field, coincides with the WZNW theory of the group G. Three-dimensional space-time structure involves a generalized metric, but only its boundary values are of consequence. An alternative formulation in terms of left and right movers (in three dimensions!) is also possible.

A notation for vectors and tensors

1955 ◽  
Vol 51 (3) ◽  
pp. 449-453
Author(s):  
F. C. Powell
Keyword(s):  
Scalar Product ◽  
Dimensional Space ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Three Dimensions ◽  
Usual Form ◽  
Three Dimensional Space ◽  
Scalar Moment

The vector notation commonly employed in elementary physics cannot be applied in its usual form to spaces of other than three dimensions. In plane dynamics, for instance, it cannot be used to represent the velocity (– ωx2, ωx1) at the point (x1, x2) due to a rotation ω about the origin, or the (scalar) moment about the origin of the force (F1, F2) acting at (x1, x2). In relativity physics the symbol ⋅ is often used to denote the scalar product of two vectors, it is true, and the tensor aαbβ – aβbα is sometimes denoted by a × b, but there exists no body of rules for the manipulation of these symbols that enables one to dispense with the suffix notation as in the case of vectors in three-dimensional space.

scholarly journals Imaging mitotic processes in three dimensions with lattice light-sheet microscopy

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuko Mimori-Kiyosue
Keyword(s):  
Dimensional Space ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Image Data ◽  
Light Sheet ◽  
Three Dimensions ◽  
Cell Level ◽  
Spatiotemporal Resolution ◽  
New Era ◽  
Light Sheet Microscopy ◽  
Three Dimensional Space

AbstractThere are few technologies that can capture mitotic processes occurring in three-dimensional space with the desired spatiotemporal resolution. Due to such technical limitations, our understanding of mitosis, which has been studied since the early 1880s, is still incomplete with regard to mitotic processes and their regulatory mechanisms at a molecular level. A recently developed high-resolution type of light-sheet microscopy, lattice light-sheet microscopy (LLSM), has achieved unprecedented spatiotemporal resolution scans of intracellular spaces at the whole-cell level. This technology enables experiments that were not possible before (e.g., tracking of growth of every spindle microtubule end and discrimination of individual chromosomes in living cells), thus providing a new avenue for the analysis of mitotic processes. Herein, principles of LLSM technology are introduced, as well as experimental techniques that became possible with LLSM. In addition, issues remaining to be solved for use of this technology in mitosis research, big image data problems, are presented to help guide mitosis research into a new era.

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