scholarly journals Factors Associated with Scientific Misconduct and Questionable Research Practices in Health Professions Education

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lauren A. Maggio ◽  
Ting Dong ◽  
Erik W. Driessen ◽  
Anthony R. Artino
Keyword(s):  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Scientific Misconduct ◽  
Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
Health Professions ◽  
Health Professions Education ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Research Practices ◽  
Questionable Research Practices ◽  
Publication Pressure ◽  
Frequency Score

AbstractIntroductionEngaging in scientific misconduct and questionable research practices (QRPs) is a noted problem across fields, including health professions education (HPE). To mitigate these practices, other disciplines have enacted strategies based on researcher characteristics and practice factors. Thus, to inform HPE, this article seeks to determine which researcher characteristics and practice factors, if any, might explain the frequency of irresponsible research practices.MethodIn 2017, a cross-sectional survey of HPE researchers was conducted. The survey included 66 items derived from two published QRP surveys and a publication pressure scale adapted from the literature. The study outcome was the self-reported misconduct frequency score, which is a weighted mean score for each respondent on all misconduct and QRP items. Statistical analysis included descriptive statistics, correlation analysis, and multiple linear regression analysis.Results and DiscussionIn total, 590 researchers took the survey. Results from the regression analysis indicated that researcher age had a negative association with the misconduct frequency score (b = −.01, t = −2.91, p<.05) suggesting that older researchers tended to have lower misconduct frequency scores. Publication pressure (b = .20, t = 7.82, p<.001) and number of publications (b = .001, t = 3.27, p<.01) had positive associations with the misconduct frequency score. The greater the publication pressure or the more publications a researcher reported, the higher the misconduct frequency score. Overall, the explanatory variables accounted for 21% of the variance in the misconduct frequency score, and publication pressure was the strongest predictor. These findings provide an evidence base from which HPE might tailor strategies to address scientific misconduct and QRPs.

scholarly journals Ethical Shades of Gray: Questionable Research Practices in Health Professions Education

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anthony R. Artino ◽  
Erik W. Driessen ◽  
Lauren A. Maggio
Keyword(s):  
Scientific Misconduct ◽  
Health Professions ◽  
The United States ◽  
Health Professions Education ◽  
Survey Study ◽  
Practice Research ◽  
Scientific Integrity ◽  
Public Confidence ◽  
Research Practices ◽  
Questionable Research Practices

AbstractPurposeTo maintain scientific integrity and engender public confidence, research must be conducted responsibly. Whereas scientific misconduct, like data fabrication, is clearly irresponsible and unethical, other behaviors—often referred to as questionable research practices (QRPs)—exploit the ethical shades of gray that color acceptable practice. This study aimed to measure the frequency of self-reported QRPs in a diverse, international sample of health professions education (HPE) researchers.MethodIn 2017, the authors conducted an anonymous, cross-sectional survey study. The web-based survey contained 43 QRP items that asked respondents to rate how often they had engaged in various forms of scientific misconduct. The items were adapted from two previously published surveys.ResultsIn total, 590 HPE researchers took the survey. The mean age was 46 years (SD=11.6), and the majority of participants were from the United States (26.4%), Europe (23.2%), and Canada (15.3%). The three most frequently reported QRPs were adding authors to a paper who did not qualify for authorship (60.6%), citing articles that were not read (49.5%), and selectively citing papers to please editors or reviewers (49.4%). Additionally, respondents reported misrepresenting a participant’s words (6.7%), plagiarizing (5.5%), inappropriately modifying results (5.3%), deleting data without disclosure (3.4%), and fabricating data (2.4%). Overall, 533 (90.3%) respondents reported at least one QRP.ConclusionsNotwithstanding the methodological limitations of survey research, these findings indicate that a substantial proportion of HPE researchers report a range of QRPs. In light of these results, reforms are needed to improve the credibility and integrity of the HPE research enterprise.“Researchers should practice research responsibly. Unfortunately, some do not.” –Nicholas H. Steneck, 20061

scholarly journals The impact of patient safety culture and the leader coaching behaviour of nurses on the intention to report errors: A cross-sectional survey

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zahra Chegini ◽  
Edris Kakemam ◽  
Mohammad Asghari Jafarabadi ◽  
Ali Janati
Keyword(s):  
Patient Safety ◽  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Safety Culture ◽  
Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
Educational Status ◽  
Patient Safety Culture ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Coaching Behavior ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Background: There is growing interest in examining the factors affecting the reporting of errors by nurses. However, little research has been conducted into the effects of perceived patient safety culture and leader coaching of nurses on the intention to report errors. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted amongst 256 nurses in the emergency departments of 18 public and private hospitals in Tabriz, northwest Iran. Participants completed the Hospital Survey on Patient Safety Culture (HSOPSC), Coaching Behavior Scale and Intention to Report Errors questionnaires and the data was analyzed using multiple linear regression analysis. Results: Overall, 43% of nurses had an intention to report errors; 50% of respondents reported that their nursing managers demonstrated high levels of coaching. With regard to patient safety culture, areas of strength and weakness were “teamwork within units” (PRR = 66.80%) and “non-punitive response errors” (PRR = 19.66%). Regression analysis findings highlighted a significant association between an intention to report errors and patient safety culture (B=0.123, CI 95%: 0.005 to 0.328, P = 0.026), leader coaching behavior (B=0.172, CI 95%: 0.066 to 0.347, P = 0.004) and nurses’ educational status (B=0. 787, 95% CI: -.064 to 1.638, P = 0.048). Conclusions: Further research is needed to assess how interventions addressing patient safety culture and leader coaching behaviours might increase the intention to report errors.

scholarly journals Philosophy of Scientific Malpractice

SATS ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hanne Andersen
Keyword(s):  
Research Ethics ◽  
Philosophy Of Science ◽  
Scientific Knowledge ◽  
Scientific Misconduct ◽  
Current Work ◽  
Responsible Conduct Of Research ◽  
Research Practices ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Questionable Research Practices ◽  
Responsible Conduct

Abstract This paper presents current work in philosophy of science in practice that focusses on practices that are detrimental to the production of scientific knowledge. The paper argues that philosophy of scientific malpractice both provides an epistemological complement to research ethics in understanding scientific misconduct and questionable research practices, and provides a new approach to how training in responsible conduct of research can be implemented.

Association between professional identity, positive mental character and humanistic caring ability in Chinese clinical nursing students (Preprint)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lin Lai ◽  
Siqing Ding ◽  
Zhuqing Zhong ◽  
Ping Mao ◽  
Na Sun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Nursing Students ◽  
Professional Identity ◽  
Pearson Correlation ◽  
Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
Influential Factors ◽  
Three Dimensions ◽  
Outcome Variable ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Clinical Nursing

BACKGROUND Humanistic caring ability is one of the core abilities that nurses need to possess. There are few studies on the influential factors that impact humanistic caring ability in clinical nursing students, and on the association between professional identity, positive mental character and humanistic caring ability. OBJECTIVE This study aims to determine the association between professional identity, positive mental character and humanistic caring ability in Chinese clinical nursing students. METHODS The study was a cross-sectional survey. Of 981 clinical nursing students were recruited from hospitals in Changsha, Hunan, China. Self-administered questionnaires were completed, including Humanistic Caring Ability of Nursing Undergraduates Assessment Scale(HCANU), Professional Identity Scale for Nurse Students(PIQNS) and Positive Mental Characters Scale for Chinese College Students(PMCS-CCS). In this study, the level of nursing students’ humanistic caring ability was identified. Pearson correlation analysis was carried out to identify the association between professional identity, positive mental characters and humanistic caring ability for nursing students. Liner regression analysis was performed with humanistic caring ability as the outcome variable in order to confirm factors associated with humanistic caring ability. RESULTS A total of 981 clinical nursing students was recruited. The mean scores of nursing students’ humanistic caring ability, professional identity and positive mental character were 125.94±21.19, 62.32±11.23, 233.18±38.59, respectively. The Pearson correlation results showed that professional identity (r = 0.578, P < 0.001) and positive mental character (r = 0.655, P < 0.001) were significantly associated with humanistic caring ability. Multiple linear regression analysis indicated that education (β = -0.161, P=0.009), three dimensions of professional self-image (β = 0.271, P=0.028), career choice independence (β = 0.228, P<0.001), and social comparison and self-reflection (β = -0.102, P=0.018) in their professional identity as well as three dimensions of courage (β = 0.269, P=0.024), humanity (β = 0.303, P=0.001 ), justice (β = 0.0.253, P=0.004 ) and transcendence (β= 0.004, P=0.036) in positive mental character were found to be independent predictors of humanistic caring ability. CONCLUSIONS This study indicates a significant association between professional identity, positive mental character and humanistic caring ability in clinical nursing students. These results suggest that professional identity and positive mental character are important considerations in the development, implementation and evaluation of humanistic caring ability interventions.

scholarly journals Adherence to COVID-19 Preventive Measures among Dental Care Workers in Vietnam: An Online Cross-Sectional Survey

2022 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 481
Author(s):  
Tai Tan Tran ◽  
Thang Van Vo ◽  
Tuyen Dinh Hoang ◽  
Minh Vu Hoang ◽  
Nhu Thi Quynh Tran ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Dental Care ◽  
Preventive Measures ◽  
Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
Multivariate Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Care Workers

An online cross-sectional survey using a “snowball” sampling method was carried out to assess the adherence to COVID-19 preventive measures among dental care workers (DCWs) during the pandemic. Six questions concerning the COVID-19 preventive guidelines issued by the Vietnam Ministry of Health were used to evaluate DCWs’ adherence to preventive measures at dental care clinics. The quality of life of DCWs was assessed using the WHO-5 questionnaire and was defined as low if the total score was less than 13 points. Factors relating to adherence to COVID-19 prevention measures of DCWs were determined by multivariate linear regression analysis. In total, 514 DCWs completed the questionnaire. A total of 37% DCWs rated their quality of life as low. Regression analysis suggested that older age, a better quality of life, living in an urban area, and training on COVID-19 prevention were associated with better adherence to COVID-19 preventive measures, while being a dentist and lack of personal protective equipment was associated with less adherence to COVID-19 preventive measures. The pandemic had a significant negative impact on the physical and mental health of DCWs. Therefore, specific national guidelines for the prevention and control of the spread of COVID-19 in dental facilities should be issued.

scholarly journals Determinants of caries experience and the impact on the OHRQOL of 6-year-old Libyan children: a cross-sectional survey

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lamis Ballo ◽  
Arheiam Arheiam ◽  
Jamaludin Marhazlinda
Keyword(s):  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Oral Health ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
Caries Experience ◽  
Inverse Association ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Direct Association ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Objective The current study aimed to assess the caries experience and associated factors and its impact on the oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL) among 6-year-old Libyan children. Methods A cross-sectional survey including 706 six-year-old children was conducted in 2017 in Benghazi, Libya. Data were collected through a self-administered questionnaire assessing socioeconomic status and oral health behaviours, and the Arabic version of the Early Childhood Oral Health Impact Scale (A-ECOHIS) to assess the OHRQoL. Clinical examination assessed caries experience at tooth level (dmft) and the number of decayed, missing due to caries and filled teeth (dt, mt and ft). Poisson regression analysis was performed to determine the association between dmft scores and the independent predictors. Linear regression analysis was conducted for ECOHIS scores with the children’s gender, SES and OHB. The statistical significance was set to ≤  0.05. Results Data were available for 706 children. Caries prevalence (dt) and dmft of ≥ 1 were 69.1% and 71% respectively. The mean ± SD dmft score was 3.23 ± 3.32. There was a significant and direct association between dmft scores and daily consumption of sugary snacks (B = 1.27, P = 0.011) and a significant inverse association with teethbrushing twice daily (B = 0.80, P = 0.041). There was a significant and direct association between A-ECOHIS and dmft (B = 1.14, P ≤ 0.001) and a significant and inverse association between A- ECOHIS and high and intermediate family income compared to low income (B = −3.82, P = 0.0001 and B = −2.06, P = 0.028). Conclusions 6-year-old Libyan children had a relatively high caries experience an untreated decay with impact on OHRQoL. Social disparities, sugar consumption patterns and oral hygiene practices were associated with high caries experience.

scholarly journals Adherence to COVID-19 preventive measures among dental care workers in Vietnam: an online cross-sectional survey

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tai Tan Tran ◽  
Thang Van Vo ◽  
Tuyen Dinh Hoang ◽  
Minh Vu Hoang ◽  
Nhu Thi Quynh Tran ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Dental Care ◽  
Preventive Measures ◽  
Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
Multivariate Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Care Workers

Abstract An online cross-sectional survey using a "snowball" sampling method was carried out to assess the adherence to COVID-19 preventive measures among dental care workers (DCWs) during the pandemic. Six questions concerning the COVID-19 preventive guidelines issued by the Vietnam Ministry of Health were used to evaluate DCWs adherence to preventive measures at dental care clinics. The quality of life of DCWs was assessed using the WHO-5 questionnaire and was defined as low if the total score was less than 13 points. Factors relating to adherence to COVID-19 prevention measures of DCWs were determined by multivariate linear regression analysis. In total, 514 DCWs completed the questionnaire. 37% DCWs rated their quality of life as low. Regression analysis suggested that older age, better quality of life, living in an urban area, and training on COVID-19 prevention were associated with better adherence to COVID-19 preventive measures, while being a dentist and lack of personal protective equipment was associated with less adherence to COVID-19 preventive measures. The pandemic had a significant negative impact on the physical and mental health of DCWs. Therefore, specific national guidelines for the prevention and control of the spread of COVID-19 in dental facilities should be issued.

scholarly journals AGING ANXIETY: A STUDY OF FACTOR INFLUENCING ATTITUDES TO AGE AMONG CIVIL SERVANTS IN NIGERIA

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (04) ◽  
pp. 468-472
Author(s):  
Pauline a ◽  
◽  
N. Ikwuegbu ◽  
Daniel Omatalu ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Research Finding ◽  
Religious Commitment ◽  
Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
Civil Servants ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Aging Anxiety ◽  
Aging Attitudes

The present study aimed to examine religious commitment as a scarcely explored variable that could predict aging attitudes. The study adopted a cross-sectional survey. A total of one hundred and eighty-seven civil servants were randomly selected as the research participants. The respondents completed self-report measures of religious commitment scale and attitude to owns aging scale. A linear regression analysis was performed on the data, and the result revealed a significant association between religious commitment and attitude towards aging. It was indicating that religious commitment predicted attitude towards aging. The research finding, implications, and conclusions are discussed.

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