scholarly journals Reduced repertoire of cortical microstates and neuronal ensembles in medically-induced loss of consciousness

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Wenzel ◽  
Shuting Han ◽  
Elliot H. Smith ◽  
Erik Hoel ◽  
Bradley Greger ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Complexity Analysis ◽  
Human Subjects ◽  
Brain Connectivity ◽  
Activity Patterns ◽  
Field Potential ◽  
Electrode Array ◽  
Loss Of Consciousness ◽  
Population Activity ◽  
Neuronal Ensembles ◽  
Two Photon

SUMMARYMedically-induced loss of consciousness (mLOC) has been linked to a macroscale break-down of brain connectivity, yet the neural microcircuit correlates of mLOC remain unknown. We applied non-linear t-stochastic neighbor embedding (t-SNE) and Lempel-Ziv-Welch complexity analysis to two-photon calcium imaging and local field potential (LFP) measurements of cortical microcircuit activity across anesthetic depth in mice, and to micro-electrode array recordings in human subjects. We find that mLOC disrupts population activity patterns by i) a reduction of discriminable network microstates and ii) a reduction of independent neuronal ensembles. These alterations are not explained by a simple reduction of neuronal activity and reveal abnormal functional microcircuits. Thus, normal neuronal ensemble dynamics could contribute to the emergence of conscious states.

scholarly journals Specialized coding patterns among dorsomedial prefrontal neuronal ensembles predict conditioned reward seeking

eLife ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roger I Grant ◽  
Elizabeth M Doncheck ◽  
Kelsey M Vollmer ◽  
Kion T Winston ◽  
Elizaveta V Romanova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Activity Patterns ◽  
Cell Populations ◽  
Conditioned Reward ◽  
Neuronal Ensembles ◽  
Two Photon ◽  
Reward Seeking ◽  
Reward Conditioning ◽  
Daily Training ◽  
Cell To Cell Variability ◽  
Reward Availability

Non-overlapping cell populations within dorsomedial prefrontal cortex (dmPFC), defined by gene expression or projection target, control dissociable aspects of reward seeking through unique activity patterns. However, even within these defined cell populations considerable cell-to-cell variability is found, suggesting that greater resolution is needed to understand information processing in dmPFC. Here we use two-photon calcium imaging in awake, behaving mice to monitor the activity of dmPFC excitatory neurons throughout Pavlovian reward conditioning. We characterize five unique neuronal ensembles that each encode specialized information related to a sucrose reward, reward-predictive cues, and behavioral responses to those cues. The ensembles differentially emerge across daily training sessions - and stabilize after learning - in a manner that improves the predictive validity of dmPFC activity dynamics for deciphering variables related to behavioral conditioning. Our results characterize the complex dmPFC neuronal ensemble dynamics that stably predict reward availability and initiation of conditioned reward seeking following cue-reward learning.

scholarly journals Large-scale neural recordings with single-cell resolution in human cortex using high-density Neuropixels probes

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Angelique C Paulk ◽  
Yoav Kfir ◽  
Arjun Khanna ◽  
Martina Mustroph ◽  
Eric M Trautmann ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Field Potential ◽  
Electrode Array ◽  
Simultaneous Recording ◽  
Neurosurgical Procedures ◽  
Spatiotemporal Resolution ◽  
Spatial Spread ◽  
Neural Recordings ◽  
Neuronal Ensembles ◽  
Human Participants

Recent advances in multi-electrode array technology have made it possible to monitor large neuronal ensembles at high resolution. In humans, however, current approaches either restrict recordings to only a few neurons per penetrating electrode or combine the signals of thousands of neurons in local field potential (LFP) recordings. Here, we describe a set of techniques which enable simultaneous recording from over 200 well-isolated cortical single units in human participants during intraoperative neurosurgical procedures using Neuropixels silicon probes. We characterized a diversity of extracellular waveforms with eight separable single unit classes, with differing firing rates, positions along the length of the linear electrode array, spatial spread of the waveform, and modulation by LFP events such as inter-ictal discharges and burst suppression. While some additional challenges remain in creating a turn-key system capable of recording, Neuropixels technology could pave the way to studying human-specific cognitive processes and their dysfunction at unprecedented spatiotemporal resolution.

scholarly journals Specialized coding patterns among dorsomedial prefrontal neuronal ensembles during conditioned reward seeking.

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roger I Grant ◽  
Elizabeth M Doncheck ◽  
Kelsey M Vollmer ◽  
Kion T Winston ◽  
Elizaveta V Romanova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Activity Patterns ◽  
Cell Populations ◽  
Conditioned Reward ◽  
Dorsomedial Prefrontal Cortex ◽  
Neuronal Ensembles ◽  
Two Photon ◽  
Reward Seeking ◽  
Behavioral Conditioning ◽  
Cell To Cell Variability ◽  
Reward Availability

Non-overlapping cell populations within dorsomedial prefrontal cortex (dmPFC), defined by gene expression or projection target, control dissociable aspects of reward seeking through unique activity patterns. However, even within these defined cell populations considerable cell-to-cell variability is found, suggesting that greater resolution is needed to understand information processing in dmPFC. Here we use two-photon calcium imaging in awake, behaving mice to monitor the activity of dmPFC excitatory neurons throughout Pavlovian sucrose conditioning. We characterize five unique neuronal ensembles that each encode specialized information related to a reward, reward-predictive cues, and behavioral responses to reward-predictive cues. The ensembles differentially emerge across learning, and stabilize after learning, in a manner that improves the predictive validity of dmPFC activity dynamics for deciphering variables related to behavioral conditioning. Our results characterize the complex dmPFC neuronal ensemble dynamics that relay learning-dependent signals for prediction of reward availability and initiation of conditioned reward seeking.

scholarly journals Scalable and accurate method for neuronal ensemble detection in spiking neural networks

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (7) ◽  
pp. e0251647
Author(s):  
Rubén Herzog ◽  
Arturo Morales ◽  
Soraya Mora ◽  
Joaquín Araya ◽  
María-José Escobar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ganglion Cells ◽  
Light Stimulus ◽  
Synthetic Data ◽  
Electrode Array ◽  
Accurate Method ◽  
Graphic User Interface ◽  
Population Activity ◽  
Neuronal Ensembles ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Ensemble Activity

We propose a novel, scalable, and accurate method for detecting neuronal ensembles from a population of spiking neurons. Our approach offers a simple yet powerful tool to study ensemble activity. It relies on clustering synchronous population activity (population vectors), allows the participation of neurons in different ensembles, has few parameters to tune and is computationally efficient. To validate the performance and generality of our method, we generated synthetic data, where we found that our method accurately detects neuronal ensembles for a wide range of simulation parameters. We found that our method outperforms current alternative methodologies. We used spike trains of retinal ganglion cells obtained from multi-electrode array recordings under a simple ON-OFF light stimulus to test our method. We found a consistent stimuli-evoked ensemble activity intermingled with spontaneously active ensembles and irregular activity. Our results suggest that the early visual system activity could be organized in distinguishable functional ensembles. We provide a Graphic User Interface, which facilitates the use of our method by the scientific community.

scholarly journals Ultrafast Light Targeting for High-Throughput Precise Control of Neuronal Networks

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giulia Faini ◽  
Clement Molinier ◽  
Cecile Telliez ◽  
Christophe Tourain ◽  
Benoit C Forget ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Single Cell ◽  
Activity Patterns ◽  
Optical Control ◽  
Temporal Control ◽  
Precise Control ◽  
Neuronal Ensembles ◽  
Two Photon ◽  
Spatio Temporal ◽  
Focused Beams ◽  
Ability To Drive

Understanding how specific sets of neurons fire and wire together during cognitive-relevant activity is one of the most pressing questions in neuroscience. Two-photon, single-cell resolution optogenetics based on holographic light-targeting approaches enables accurate spatio-temporal control of individual or multiple neurons. Yet, currently, the ability to drive asynchronous activity in distinct cells is critically limited to a few milliseconds and the achievable number of targets to several dozens. In order to expand the capability of single-cell optogenetics, we introduce an approach capable of ultra-fast sequential light targeting (FLiT), based on switching temporally focused beams between holograms at kHz rates. We demonstrate serial-parallel photostimulation strategies capable of multi-cell sub-millisecond temporal control and many-fold expansion of the number of activated cells. This approach will be important for experiments that require rapid and precise cell stimulation with defined spatio-temporal activity patterns and optical control of large neuronal ensembles.

scholarly journals EEG-based diagnostics of the auditory system using cochlear implant electrodes as sensors

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ben Somers ◽  
Christopher J. Long ◽  
Tom Francart
Keyword(s):  
Cochlear Implant ◽  
Auditory Evoked Potentials ◽  
Human Subjects ◽  
Electrode Array ◽  
Brain Regions ◽  
Hearing Impaired ◽  
Brain Responses ◽  
Listening Environments ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Neural Feedback

AbstractThe cochlear implant is one of the most successful medical prostheses, allowing deaf and severely hearing-impaired persons to hear again by electrically stimulating the auditory nerve. A trained audiologist adjusts the stimulation settings for good speech understanding, known as “fitting” the implant. This process is based on subjective feedback from the user, making it time-consuming and challenging, especially in paediatric or communication-impaired populations. Furthermore, fittings only happen during infrequent sessions at a clinic, and therefore cannot take into account variable factors that affect the user’s hearing, such as physiological changes and different listening environments. Objective audiometry, in which brain responses evoked by auditory stimulation are collected and analysed, removes the need for active patient participation. However, recording of brain responses still requires expensive equipment that is cumbersome to use. An elegant solution is to record the neural signals using the implant itself. We demonstrate for the first time the recording of continuous electroencephalographic (EEG) signals from the implanted intracochlear electrode array in human subjects, using auditory evoked potentials originating from different brain regions. This was done using a temporary recording set-up with a percutaneous connector used for research purposes. Furthermore, we show that the response morphologies and amplitudes depend crucially on the recording electrode configuration. The integration of an EEG system into cochlear implants paves the way towards chronic neuro-monitoring of hearing-impaired patients in their everyday environment, and neuro-steered hearing prostheses, which can autonomously adjust their output based on neural feedback.

scholarly journals Field Potential Signature of Distinct Multicellular Activity Patterns in the Mouse Hippocampus

2010 ◽  
Vol 30 (46) ◽  
pp. 15441-15449 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Reichinnek ◽  
T. Kunsting ◽  
A. Draguhn ◽  
M. Both
Keyword(s):  
Activity Patterns ◽  
Field Potential ◽  
Mouse Hippocampus

scholarly journals Functional Brain Connectivity Revealed by Sparse Coding of Large-Scale Local Field Potential Dynamics

2018 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 255-270 ◽  
Author(s):  
Han Wang ◽  
Kun Xie ◽  
Li Xie ◽  
Xiang Li ◽  
Meng Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Local Field ◽  
Sparse Coding ◽  
Local Field Potential ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Brain Connectivity ◽  
Field Potential ◽  
Functional Brain

scholarly journals Control Strategies for the Transition From Multijoint to Single-Joint Arm Movements Studied Using a Simple Mechanical Constraint

2000 ◽  
Vol 83 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert A. Scheidt ◽  
W. Zev Rymer
Keyword(s):  
Control Strategies ◽  
Human Subjects ◽  
Dynamic Performance ◽  
Activity Patterns ◽  
Adaptive Controller ◽  
Emg Activity ◽  
Joint Control ◽  
Primary Role ◽  
Joint Task ◽  
Normal Human

Changes were studied in neuromotor control that were evoked by constraining the motion of the elbow joint during planar, supported movements of the dominant arm in eight normal human subjects. Electromyograph (EMG) recordings from shoulder and arm muscles were used to determine whether the normal multijoint muscle activity patterns associated with reaching to a visual target were modified when the movement was reduced to a single-joint task, by pinning the elbow to a particular location in the planar work space. Three blocks of 150 movements each were used in the experiments. Subjects were presented with the unconstrained task in the first and third blocks with an intervening block of constrained trials. Kinematic, dynamic, and EMG measures of performance were compared across blocks. The imposition of the pin constraint caused predictable changes in kinematic performance, in that near-linear motions of the hand became curved. This was followed by changes in limb dynamic performance at the elbow. However, changes in EMG activity at the shoulder lagged the kinematic changes substantially (by about 15 trials). The gradual character of the changes in EMG timing does not support a primary role for segmental reflex action in mediating the transition between multijoint and single-joint control strategies. Furthermore, the scope and magnitude of these changes argues against the notion that human motor performance is driven by the optimization of muscle- or joint-related criteria alone. The findings are best described as reflecting the actions of a feedforward adaptive controller that has properties that are modified progressively according to the environmental state.

scholarly journals EEG-based diagnostics of the auditory system using cochlear implant electrodes as sensors

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ben Somers ◽  
Christopher J. Long ◽  
Tom Francart
Keyword(s):  
Cochlear Implant ◽  
Auditory Evoked Potentials ◽  
Human Subjects ◽  
Electrode Array ◽  
Brain Regions ◽  
Hearing Impaired ◽  
Brain Responses ◽  
Listening Environments ◽  
Objective Audiometry ◽  
Neural Feedback

AbstractThe cochlear implant is one of the most successful medical prostheses, allowing deaf and severely hearing-impaired persons to hear again by electrically stimulating the auditory nerve. A trained audiologist adjusts the stimulation settings for good speech understanding, known as “fitting” the implant. This process is based on subjective feedback from the user, making it time-consuming and challenging, especially in paediatric or communication-impaired populations. Furthermore, fittings only happen during infrequent sessions at a clinic, and therefore cannot take into account variable factors that affect the user’s hearing, such as physiological changes and different listening environments. Objective audiometry, in which brain responses evoked by auditory stimulation are collected and analysed, removes the need for active patient participation. However, recording of brain responses still requires expensive equipment that is cumbersome to use. An elegant solution is to record the neural signals using the implant itself. We demonstrate for the first time the recording of continuous electroencephalographic (EEG) signals from the implanted intracochlear electrode array in human subjects, using auditory evoked potentials originating from different brain regions. Furthermore, we show that the response morphologies and amplitudes depend crucially on the recording electrode configuration. The integration of an EEG system into cochlear implants paves the way towards chronic neuro-monitoring of hearing-impaired patients in their everyday environment, and neuro-steered hearing prostheses, which can autonomously adjust their output based on neural feedback.

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