scholarly journals Infant and adult brains are coupled to the dynamics of natural communication

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elise A. Piazza ◽  
Liat Hasenfratz ◽  
Uri Hasson ◽  
Casey Lew-Williams
Keyword(s):  
Infrared Spectroscopy ◽  
Social Environment ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Functional Near Infrared Spectroscopy ◽  
Temporal Precision ◽  
Speech Prosody ◽  
Mutual Gaze ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Moment

AbstractInfancy is the foundational period for learning from adults, and the dynamics of the social environment have long been proposed as central to children’s development. Here we reveal a novel, highly naturalistic approach for studying live interactions between infants and adults. Using functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS), we simultaneously and continuously measured the brains of infants (9-15 months) and an adult while they communicated and played with each other in real time. We found that time-locked neural coupling within dyads was significantly greater when they interacted with each other than with control individuals. In addition, we found that both infant and adult brains continuously tracked the moment-to-moment fluctuations of mutual gaze, infant emotion, and adult speech prosody with high temporal precision. This investigation advances what is currently known about how the brains and behaviors of infants both shape and reflect those of adults during real-life communication.

scholarly journals Infant and Adult Brains Are Coupled to the Dynamics of Natural Communication

2019 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
pp. 6-17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elise A. Piazza ◽  
Liat Hasenfratz ◽  
Uri Hasson ◽  
Casey Lew-Williams
Keyword(s):  
Infrared Spectroscopy ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Neural Activation ◽  
Functional Near Infrared Spectroscopy ◽  
Speech Prosody ◽  
Dynamic Relationship ◽  
Mutual Gaze ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Moment

Infancy is the foundational period for learning from adults, and the dynamics of the social environment have long been considered central to children’s development. Here, we reveal a novel, naturalistic approach for studying live interactions between infants and adults. Using functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS), we simultaneously and continuously measured the brains of infants ( N = 18; 9–15 months of age) and an adult while they communicated and played with each other. We found that time-locked neural coupling within dyads was significantly greater when dyad members interacted with each other than with control individuals. In addition, we characterized the dynamic relationship between neural activation and the moment-to-moment fluctuations of mutual gaze, joint attention to objects, infant emotion, and adult speech prosody. This investigation advances what is currently known about how the brains and behaviors of infants both shape and reflect those of adults during real-life communication.

ASSESSING WORKING MEMORY IN REAL-LIFE SITUATIONS WITH FUNCTIONAL NEAR-INFRARED SPECTROSCOPY

2009 ◽  
Vol 02 (04) ◽  
pp. 423-430 ◽  
Author(s):  
TING LI ◽  
LI LI ◽  
QINGMING LUO ◽  
HUI GONG
Keyword(s):  
Working Memory ◽  
Infrared Spectroscopy ◽  
Near Infrared Spectroscopy ◽  
Brain Function ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Memory Studies ◽  
Functional Near Infrared Spectroscopy ◽  
Promising Alternative

Working memory is one of the most important functions in our brain, which has been widely studied with unreal-life measured technologies. A functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) instrument with a portable and low-cost design is developed, which is capable of providing hemodynamic measurement associated with brain function in real-life situations. Using this instrument, we performed working memory studies involved in Chinese words encoding, verbal, and spatial stem recognition, which are mainly studied with other technologies. Our results show that fNIRS can well assess working memory activities, in comparison with the reported results mainly using other methodologies. Furthermore, we find that hemodynamic change in the prefrontal cortex during all working memory tasks is highly associated with subjects' behavioral data. fNIRS is shown to be a promising alternative to the current methodologies for studying or assessing functional brain activities in natural condition.

scholarly journals Investigating the Cortical Correlates of Singing: Potential Neural Benefits of Choir for Persons With Dementia

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 130-130
Author(s):  
Nicholas Tamburri ◽  
Debra Sheets ◽  
Drew Halliday ◽  
Andre Smith ◽  
Stuart MacDonald
Keyword(s):  
Infrared Spectroscopy ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Neural Correlates ◽  
Cortical Activation ◽  
Functional Near Infrared Spectroscopy ◽  
Paired Sample ◽  
The Social ◽  
Musical Engagement ◽  
Cognitive Benefits ◽  
Significant Activation

Abstract Through leveraging the known advantages of musical engagement and socialization, choir interventions are known to facilitate psychological and cognitive benefits for persons with dementia (PwD). Surprisingly, no research has explored whether social singing may also confer neurological advantages. In this study, we employed functional near infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) to investigate the cortical correlates of both social and solo singing in PwD (n=13). Paired-sample t-tests were used to evaluate within-person differences in frontal cortical activation between the social vs solo singing. Results showed significant activation differences in three frontal channels, with social singing requiring comparatively less frontocortical activation. These findings indicate potential neural benefits of social singing – with less frontal activation being a proxy for greater reliance on intact proceduralized systems – and serve to highlight the utility of fNIRS in better understanding the neural correlates underlying the benefits of social singing interventions for PwD.

Application of functional near-infrared spectroscopy in psychiatry and physical activity studies

2019 ◽  
Vol 35 (2) ◽  
pp. 131-145
Author(s):  
Grzegorz Kolasa ◽  
Filip Rybakowski
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Infrared Spectroscopy ◽  
Physical Exercise ◽  
Near Infrared Spectroscopy ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Red Light ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Functional Near Infrared Spectroscopy ◽  
Scientific Experiments ◽  
The Impact

Objectives. Functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) is one of the fastest developing neuroimaging modalities. Features, such as non-invasiveness, simplicity of application and resistance to motion artefacts, allow to take measurements and to create scientific experiments imitating real life conditions. In this review, we want to focus on the potential of fNIRS in the fields of psychiatry, neurorehabilitation and physical exercise. Additionally, we present the advantages of fNIRS over other neuroimaging techniques like fMRI, PET and EEG/EMG. We also consider potential directions of development and challenges which emerge in front of the fNIRS society. Literature review. The main application in the discipline of neurorehabilitation is to monitor and to observe the repair mechanism of neurons after brain traumas. The non-invasiveness of infra-red light permits to investigate patients of both adult and child psychiatry. The utility of fNIRS as a diagnostic tool and a predictor is proven. Researchers are looking for functional abnormalities within the prefrontal cortex. fNIRS creates new possibilities in terms of exploration of the physical exercise. Recent articles consider which type of effort has the best effect on the hemodynamic response in the cortex. It seems that investigating the impact of the physical activity in group of psychiatric patients is an interesting direction. Conclusions. Currently, we are at the breakthrough in the fNIRS technology. The number of new studies, more precise methods of data analysis, and availability of good quality systems help us to better understand how to design scientific experiments properly and reliably measure the activity of the cerebral cortex.

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