scholarly journals Evaluating the diversity of maternal age effects upon neonatal survival across animal species

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edward Ivimey-Cook ◽  
Jacob Moorad
Keyword(s):  
Maternal Effect ◽  
Maternal Age ◽  
Animal Species ◽  
Evolutionary Genetics ◽  
Natural World ◽  
Age Effects ◽  
Offspring Performance ◽  
Wild Mammals ◽  
Bird Populations ◽  
General Importance

AbstractMaternal effect senescence is the detrimental effect of increased maternal age on offspring performance. Despite much recent interest given to describing this phenomenon, its origins and distribution across the tree-of-life are poorly understood. We find that age affects neonatal survival in 83 of 90 studies across 51 species, but we observed a puzzling difference between groups of animal species. Amongst wild bird populations, the average effect of age was only −0.7% per standardized unit of increasing age, but maternal effects clearly senesced in laboratory invertebrates (−67.1%) and wild mammals (−57.8%). Comparisons amongst demographic predictions derived from evolutionary theory and conventional demographic models suggest that natural selection has shaped maternal effect senescence in the natural world. These results emphasize both the general importance of maternal age effects and the potential for evolutionary genetics to provide a valuable framework for understanding the diversity of this manifestation of ageing in animal species.

scholarly journals The diversity of maternal-age effects upon pre-adult survival across animal species

2020 ◽  
Vol 287 (1932) ◽  
pp. 20200972
Author(s):  
Edward Ivimey-Cook ◽  
Jacob Moorad
Keyword(s):  
Maternal Age ◽  
Animal Species ◽  
Detrimental Effect ◽  
Bird Species ◽  
Age Effects ◽  
Adult Survival ◽  
Offspring Performance ◽  
Older Mothers ◽  
Proximate Causes ◽  
Future Work

Maternal senescence is the detrimental effect of increased maternal age on offspring performance. Despite much recent interest given to describing this phenomenon, its distribution across animal species is poorly understood. A review of the published literature finds that maternal age affects pre-adult survival in 252 of 272 populations (93%) representing 97 animal species. Age effects tended to be deleterious in invertebrates and mammals, including humans, confirming the presence of senescence. However, bird species were a conspicuous exception, as pre-adult survival tended to increase with maternal age in surveyed populations. In all groups, maternal-age effects became more negative in older mothers. Invertebrates senesced faster than vertebrates, and humans aged faster than non-human mammals. Within invertebrates, lepidopterans demonstrated the most extreme rates of maternal-effect senescence. Among the surveyed studies, phylogeny, life history and environment (e.g. laboratory versus wild populations) were tightly associated; this made it difficult to make confident inferences regarding the causes of diversity for the phenomenon. However, we provide some testable suggestions, and we observe that some differences appear to be consistent with predictions from evolutionary theory. We discuss how future work may help clarify ultimate and proximate causes for this diversity.

Parental breeding age effects on descendants’ longevity interact over two generations in matrilines and patrilines

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zac Wylde ◽  
Foteini Spagopoulou ◽  
Amy K Hooper ◽  
Alexei A Maklakov ◽  
Russell Bonduriansky
Keyword(s):  
Maternal Age ◽  
First Generation ◽  
Age Effects ◽  
Population Variation ◽  
Paternal Age ◽  
Interactive Effects ◽  
Competitive Environment ◽  
Larval Diet ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Two Generations

Individuals within populations vary enormously in mortality risk and longevity, but the causes of this variation remain poorly understood. A potentially important and phylogenetically widespread source of such variation is maternal age at breeding, which typically has negative effects on offspring longevity. Here, we show that paternal age can affect offspring longevity as strongly as maternal age does, and that breeding age effects can interact over two generations in both matrilines and patrilines. We manipulated maternal and paternal ages at breeding over two generations in the neriid fly Telostylinus angusticollis. To determine whether breeding age effects can be modulated by the environment, we also manipulated larval diet and male competitive environment in the first generation. We found separate and interactive effects of parental and grandparental ages at breeding on descendants’ mortality rate and lifespan in both matrilines and patrilines. These breeding age effects were not modulated by grandparental larval diet quality or competitive environment. Our findings suggest that variation in maternal and paternal ages at breeding could contribute substantially to intra-population variation in mortality and longevity.

scholarly journals Maternal age effects on fecundity and offspring egg-to-adult viability are not affected by mitochondrial haplotype

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (22) ◽  
pp. 10722-10732 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rebecca E. Koch ◽  
James M. Phillips ◽  
M. Florencia Camus ◽  
Damian K. Dowling
Keyword(s):  
Maternal Age ◽  
Age Effects ◽  
Mitochondrial Haplotype

The fisheries management implications of maternal-age-dependent larval survival

2006 ◽  
Vol 63 (10) ◽  
pp. 2249-2258 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael R O'Farrell ◽  
Louis W Botsford
Keyword(s):  
Mortality Rate ◽  
Fisheries Management ◽  
Maternal Age ◽  
Egg Production ◽  
Larval Mortality ◽  
Reproductive Potential ◽  
Larval Survival ◽  
Age Effects ◽  
Fishing Mortality ◽  
Black Rockfish

A common goal of conventional fisheries management is to maintain fishing mortality at a rate that ensures an adequate level of lifetime egg production (LEP) for population sustainability. However, larvae from young spawners can experience higher mortality rates than larvae of older spawners, reducing the effect of egg production by young females (hereafter, maternal age effects). This reduction leads to an error in LEP that can be accounted for by reducing the fishing mortality rate, but raises the question of the magnitude of these errors if they are present but not accounted for. Calculations using parameters from a typical long-lived fish demonstrated that maternal age effects resulted in large errors in estimates of lifetime reproduction when there was a large contrast in the larval mortality rate extending over the reproductive life span. Errors were small when maternal age effects reduced the reproductive potential of only the very youngest spawners, at ages when a small fraction of females are mature. A specific example using the empirically derived maternal age effect for black rockfish (Sebastes melanops) indicated that errors in traditional management would be small for this species.

Parental Age and Schizophrenia

1966 ◽  
Vol 112 (490) ◽  
pp. 899-905 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. L. Granville-Grossman
Keyword(s):  
Maternal Age ◽  
Age Effect ◽  
Age Effects ◽  
Paternal Age ◽  
Considerable Importance ◽  
Parental Age ◽  
Advanced Paternal Age ◽  
Older Parents ◽  
Maternal Age Effect ◽  
Environmental Causes

Reports that schizophrenics have older parents than non-schizophrenics (Barry, 1945; Goodman, 1957; Johanson, 1958; Gregory, 1959) are of considerable importance. If valid, they provide evidence for environmental causes of schizophrenia, and by analogy with other conditions where parental age effects have been noted may give some indication of the nature of these causes. There are, however, inconsistencies in these studies: thus Johanson and Gregory found a significant association between advanced paternal age and schizophrenia, but failed to confirm the maternal age effect noted by Barry and Goodman. These differences indicate the need for further investigation and this paper describes such a study.

scholarly journals Maternal cohort, time of stillbirth, and maternal age effects in Italian stillbirth mortality.

1990 ◽  
Vol 44 (2) ◽  
pp. 152-154 ◽  
Author(s):  
F Parazzini ◽  
C La Vecchia ◽  
G Mezzanotte ◽  
L Fedele
Keyword(s):  
Maternal Age ◽  
Age Effects

scholarly journals Senescence impacts reproduction and maternal investment in bottlenose dolphins

2018 ◽  
Vol 285 (1883) ◽  
pp. 20181123 ◽  
Author(s):  
Caitlin Karniski ◽  
Ewa Krzyszczyk ◽  
Janet Mann
Keyword(s):  
Maternal Effect ◽  
Maternal Age ◽  
Mammalian Species ◽  
Bottlenose Dolphins ◽  
Maternal Investment ◽  
Reproductive Value ◽  
Lactation Period ◽  
Reproductive Senescence ◽  
Calf Survival ◽  
In The Wild

Reproductive senescence is evident across many mammalian species. An emerging perspective considers components of reproductive senescence as evolutionarily distinct phenomena: fertility senescence and maternal-effect senescence. While fertility senescence is regarded as the ageing of reproductive physiology, maternal-effect senescence pertains to the declining capacity to provision and rear surviving offspring due to age. Both contribute to reproductive failure in utero making it difficult to differentiate between the two prenatally in the wild. We investigated both components in a long-lived mammal with prolonged maternal care through three parameters: calf survival, interbirth interval (IBI) and lactation period. We provide clear evidence for reproductive senescence in a wild population of bottlenose dolphins ( Tursiops aduncus ) using 34+ years of longitudinal data on 229 adult females and 562 calves. Calf survival decreased with maternal age, and calves with older mothers had lower survival than predicted by birth order, suggesting maternal-effect senescence. Both lactation period and IBIs increased with maternal age, and IBIs increased regardless of calf mortality, indicating interactions between fertility and maternal-effect senescence. Of calves that survived to weaning, last-born calves weaned later than earlier-born calves, evidence of terminal investment, a mitigating strategy given reduced reproductive value caused by either components of reproductive senescence.

scholarly journals Disease spread in age structured populations with maternal age effects

2017 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 445-451 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jessica Clark ◽  
Jennie S. Garbutt ◽  
Luke McNally ◽  
Tom J. Little
Keyword(s):  
Maternal Age ◽  
Age Effects ◽  
Structured Populations ◽  
Disease Spread ◽  
Age Structured
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