scholarly journals Y-profile evidence: close paternal relatives and mixtures

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mikkel M Andersen ◽  
David J Balding
Keyword(s):  
Mutation Rates ◽  
Weight Of Evidence ◽  
Allelic Ladder ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Additional Information ◽  
Simulation Based ◽  
Background Data ◽  
Male Line ◽  
Profile Changes ◽  
Number Of Males

AbstractWe recently introduced a new approach to the evaluation of weight of evidence (WoE) for Y-chromosome profiles. Rather than attempting to calculate match probabilities, which is particularly problematic for modern Y-profiles with high mutation rates, we proposed using simulation to describe the distribution of the number of males in the population with a matching Y-profile, both the unconditional distribution and conditional on a database frequency of the profile. Here we further validate the new approach by showing that our results are robust to assumptions about the allelic ladder and the founder haplotypes, and we extend the approach in two important directions. Firstly, forensic databases are not the only source of background data relevant to the evaluation of Y-profile evidence: in many cases the Y-profiles of one or more relatives of the accused are also available. To date it has been unclear how to use this additional information, but in our simulation-based approach its effect is readily incorporated. We describe this approach and illustrate how the WoE that a man was the source of an observed Y-profile changes when the Y-profiles of some of his male-line relatives are also available. Secondly, we extend our new approach to mixtures of Y-profiles from two or more males. Surprisingly, our simulation-based approach reveals that observing a 2-male mixture that includes an alleged contributor’s profile is almost as strong evidence as observing a matching single-contributor evidence sample, and even 3-male and 4-male mixtures are only slightly weaker.

Simulation Based Acquisition: A New Approach

1998 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael V. Johnson ◽  
Mark F. McKeon ◽  
Terence R. Szanto
Keyword(s):  
New Approach ◽  
Simulation Based

scholarly journals Optimizing Mastery Learning Environments: A New Approach to Deliberate Practice for Simulation-based Learning

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 77-81 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julie Rice ◽  
Rodney Omron ◽  
Hugh Calkins
Keyword(s):  
Learning Environments ◽  
Mastery Learning ◽  
Deliberate Practice ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Simulation Based

A modified resistance to compression (RtC) test for evaluation of natural fiber softness

2022 ◽  
pp. 004051752110694
Author(s):  
Hao Yu ◽  
Christopher Hurren ◽  
Xin Liu ◽  
Stuart Gordon ◽  
Xungai Wang
Keyword(s):  
Compression Test ◽  
Natural Fiber ◽  
Natural Fibers ◽  
Assessment Method ◽  
Fiber Types ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Additional Information ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Single Force ◽  
Different Diameters

Comfort is a key feature of any clothing that relates significantly to softness of the fiber, yarn and fabric from which is it constructed. A known softness assessment method for fibers is the resistance to compression test. This traditional test only provides a single force value for the resistance of a loose fiber sample using a fixed mass under compression. In this research, a modified resistance to compression test was introduced to show the effects of repeated compression, providing more information about the softness and resilience of selected fibers. Three different natural fiber types, including wool, cotton and alpaca were compared using this new approach. The results showed compression profiles were quite different for different fiber types as well as for the same fibers with different diameters. While the diameters of the wool and alpaca samples were similar (18.5 μm), the modified resistance to compression values were significantly higher for wool (with a peak value at 9.5 kPa compared to 2.1 kPa for alpaca). Cotton was different from wool and alpaca but showed a similar modified resistance to compression value (10.4 kPa) to wool. During cycles of compression, modified resistance to compression peak values decreased slightly and then tended to be constant. Even though the structures of wool, cotton and alpaca were quite different, there was no significant difference in the magnitude of decline in modified resistance to compression peak values. This means that the modified resistance to compression test is able to provide additional information on the resilience characteristics of different natural fibers, and can reveal the resistance behavior of fiber samples during cyclic compression.

scholarly journals A New Approach to Reducing the Distortion of the Digital Image Natural Model in the DCT Domain When Embedding Information According to the QIM Method

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Олег Евсютин ◽  
Oleg Evsutin ◽  
Анна Мельман ◽  
Anna Melman ◽  
Роман Мещеряков ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Image Processing ◽  
Digital Image ◽  
Digital Content ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Embedding Capacity ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Additional Information ◽  
Dct Domain ◽  
Dct Coefficients ◽  
Information Confidentiality

One of the areas of digital image processing is the steganographic embedding of additional information into them. Digital steganography methods are used to ensure the information confidentiality, as well as to track the distribution of digital content on the Internet. Main indicators of the steganographic embedding effectiveness are invisibility to the human eye, characterized by the PSNR metric, and embedding capacity. However, even with full visual stealth of embedding, its presence may produce a distortion of the digital image natural model in the frequency domain. The article presents a new approach to reducing the distortion of the digital image natural model in the field of discrete cosine transform (DCT) when embedding information using the classical QIM method. The results of the experiments show that the proposed approach allows reducing the distortion of the histograms of the distribution of DCT coefficients, and thereby eliminating the unmasking signs of embedding.

scholarly journals 2D Information Space Based Action Recognition

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1S) ◽  
pp. 295-298
Keyword(s):  
Convex Hull ◽  
Action Recognition ◽  
Video Sequence ◽  
Feature Vector ◽  
Human Action Recognition ◽  
Human Action ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Human Object ◽  
Background Data ◽  
2D Data

Video based human action recognition has attained more attraction from the researchers and it predominates in the field of computer vision and pattern recognition. In this paper we deliver a new approach to suppress the background data and to extract 2D data of foreground human object of the video sequence. A combination of convex hull area, convex hull perimeter, solidity and eccentricity is used to represent the feature vector. Experiments are conducted on Weizmann video dataset to assess how the system is doing. The discriminative nature of the feature vectors assures accuracy in action recognition.

A New Approach for a Simulation-Based Prediction of Torsional Chatter in Deep Hole Drilling With Extra-Long Twist Drills

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Abele ◽  
D. Schäfer
Keyword(s):  
General Structure ◽  
Cutting Parameters ◽  
Torsional Stiffness ◽  
Hole Drilling ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Process Dynamics ◽  
Chatter Vibrations ◽  
Simulation Based ◽  
High Level ◽  
Twist Drills

Numerous investigations work on torsional chatter vibrations in drilling. Particularly in terms of productivity, torsional chatter is detrimental because of a reduction of tool life and an undesirably high level of noise emissions due to the increased process dynamics. To achieve a deeper understanding of the process dynamics, a new numerical simulation model was developed to predict torsional chatter for extra-long twist drills. It is used to determine the influence of numerous factors such as cutting parameters, drill torsional stiffness, rotary moment of inertia and torsional-axial coupling. In this paper, the general structure of the model and the tool model is presented.

Specialised sire and dam lines. I. Economic evaluation of crossbreds

1966 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 193-202 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rom Moav
Keyword(s):  
Arithmetic Mean ◽  
Productive Efficiency ◽  
Reproductive Capacity ◽  
Food Conversion ◽  
Genetic Determination ◽  
Component Traits ◽  
Male Line ◽  
Reproduction Cost ◽  
Number Of Males

When commercial livestock are crossbreds, profit for the total operation including cost of production of the breeding stocks, is a function of the performance of both the crossbred offspring and their parents.Since the performance level of the offspring is determined by its parents, it means that the parents contribute to profit determination in two ways. Reproduction cost is determined directly by the parents, that is through their own phenotypes, while productive efficiency (food conversion, growth rate, etc.) and quality are determined by the parents indirectly through the genetic determination of their offspring.In most classes of livestock the number of males in the breeding herds, relative to that of the females, is very small. Consequently, variation in reproductive capacity of the male line contributes only little to the determination of reproductive costs, and this item can be ignored. As a result, the contributions of the parental lines to profit are unequal and of different kinds. Exploitation of this difference may produce ‘profit heterosis’ even when the component traits are genetically additive.When profit is a non-linear function of one or more component traits another deviation of profit from the arithmetic mean of the parents is created. Unlike the previous one, this heterosis deviation is scale dependent.Profit was presented graphically, as profit contours, on the two dimensional plane created by the variables productivity and reproductivity. This was found to be a helpful aid to an understanding of the underlying relationships.

Risk Evaluation by Human Trajectory Simulation Based on Real Data

2011 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 220-225
Author(s):  
Kiyoshi Izumi ◽  
◽  
Yoshifumi Nishida ◽  
Yoichi Motomura ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Evaluation ◽  
Real Data ◽  
Public Spaces ◽  
Layout Design ◽  
Sensor Data ◽  
Agent Based Simulation ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Agent Based ◽  
Trajectory Simulation ◽  
Simulation Based

This paper proposes a new approach integrating the modeling of moving persons from sensor data and agent-based simulation for indoor layout design viewed from preventing children’s accidents. Our model focuses on interaction between indoor objects and children to estimate the risk of indoor accidents. We discuss the agent-based simulation of multiple persons moving in public spaces and its application to evaluating information presentation for guidance.

HOW TO SUPPORT CONSENSUS REACHING USING ACTION RULES: A NOVEL APPROACH

2010 ◽  
Vol 18 (04) ◽  
pp. 451-470 ◽  
Author(s):  
JANUSZ KACPRZYK ◽  
SŁAWOMIR ZADROŻNY ◽  
ZBIGNIEW W. RAŚ
Keyword(s):  
New Approach ◽  
Additional Information ◽  
Data Mining Tool ◽  
Fuzzy Preferences ◽  
Novel Approach ◽  
Mining Tool ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Consensus Reaching Process ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Consensus Reaching

We consider a consensus reaching process in a group of individuals meant as an attempt to make preferences of the individuals more and more similar, that is, getting closer and closer to consensus. We assume a general form of intuitionistic fuzzy preferences and a soft definition of consensus that is basically meant as an agreement of a considerable (e.g., most, almost all) majority of individuals in regards to a considerable majority of alternatives. The consensus reaching process is meant to be run by a moderator who tries to get the group of individuals closer and closer to consensus by argumentation, persuasion, etc. The moderator is to be supported by some additional information, exemplified by more detailed information on which individuals are critical as, for instance, they are willing to change their testimonies or are stubborn, which pairs of options make the reaching of consensus difficult, etc. In this paper we extend this paradigm proposed and employed in our former works with the use of a novel data mining tool, so called action rules which make it possible to more clearly indicate and suggest to the moderator with which experts and with respect to which option it may be expedient to deal. We show the usefulness of this new approach.

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