scholarly journals Distinct neural mechanisms and temporal constraints govern a cascade of audiotactile interactions

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Johanna M. Zumer ◽  
Thomas P. White ◽  
Uta Noppeney
Keyword(s):  
Temporal Integration ◽  
Common Source ◽  
Theta Band ◽  
Beta Band ◽  
Band Power ◽  
The Face ◽  
Integrated Or ◽  
Temporal Profiles ◽  
Evoked Response Potentials ◽  
The Brain

AbstractAsynchrony is a critical cue informing the brain whether sensory signals are caused by a common source and should be integrated or segregated. It is unclear how the brain binds audiotactile signals into behavioural benefits depending on their asynchrony. Participants actively responded (psychophysics) or passively attended (electroencephalogrpahy) to noise bursts, ‘taps-to-the-face’, and their audiotactile (AT) combinations at seven audiotactile asynchronies: 0, ±20, ±70, and ±500ms. Observers were faster at detecting AT than unisensory stimuli, maximally for synchronous stimulation and declining within a ≤70ms temporal integration window. We observed AT interactions for (1) near-synchronous stimuli within a ≤20ms temporal integration window for evoked response potentials (ERPs) at 110ms and ∼400ms, (2) specifically ±70ms asynchronies, across the P200 ERP and theta-band inter-trial coherence (ITC) and power at ∼200ms, with a frontocentral topography, and (3) beta-band power across several asynchronies. Our results suggest that early AT interactions for ERP and theta-band ITC and power mediate behavioural response facilitation within a ≤70ms temporal integration window, but beta-band power reflects AT interactions that are less relevant for behaviour. This diversity of temporal profiles and constraints demonstrates how audiotactile integration unfolds in a cascade of interactions to generate behavioural benefits.

scholarly journals Neural encoding of reliability and validity of directional information during the preparation of targeted movements

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charidimos Tzagarakis ◽  
Sarah West ◽  
Giuseppe Pellizzer
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Time ◽  
Visual Information ◽  
Motor Response ◽  
Reliability And Validity ◽  
Motor Preparation ◽  
Theta Band ◽  
Beta Band ◽  
Motor Processes ◽  
Band Power ◽  
The Brain

AbstractVisual information about an upcoming target can be used to prepare an appropriate motor response and reduce its reaction time. However, when the anticipation is incorrect and the planned response must be changed, the reaction time is lengthened. Here, we investigated the brain mechanisms associated with the reliability and validity of visual information used for motor preparation. We recorded brain activity using magnetoencephalography (MEG) during a delayed reaching task in which a visual cue provided valid information about the location of the upcoming target with 50, 75 or 100% reliability. We found that reaction time increased as cue reliability decreased and that trials with invalid cues had longer reaction times than trials with valid cues. MEG channel analysis showed that beta-band power from left mid-anterior channels correlated with the reliability of the cue after cue onset but before target onset. This effect was source localized over a large motor-related cortical and subcortical network. In addition, during invalid-cue trials there was a phasic increase of theta-band power following target onset from left posterior channels, localized to the left occipito-parietal cortex. Furthermore, the theta-beta cross-frequency coupling between left mid-occipital and motor cortex also transiently increased before responses to invalid-cue trials. In conclusion, beta-band power in motor-related areas reflected the reliability of visual information used during motor preparation, whereas phasic theta-band activity signaled whether the target was at the expected location or not. These results elucidate mechanisms of interaction between attentional and motor processes.Significance StatementWe used magnetoencephalography to investigate how the brain mechanisms preparing a motor response take into account the reliability of information about the upcoming location of a target to reach, and how these mechanisms adjust when that information turns out to be incorrect. We found that during the response preparation, the power of motor-related beta-band oscillations changed with the reliability of the visual information. In addition, we found that after the onset of the target the power of the left occipito-parietal theta-band signaled whether the prior information was correct or not. The pattern of activity of the beta-band and theta-band explain the pattern of latency of responses in the task, and demonstrate how attentional and motor processes interact.

scholarly journals Beta-band desynchronization reflects uncertainty in effector selection during motor planning

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Milou J.L. van Helvert ◽  
Leonie Oostwoud Wijdenes ◽  
Linda Geerligs ◽  
W. Pieter Medendorp
Keyword(s):  
Time Window ◽  
Brain Activity ◽  
Motor Planning ◽  
Reaction Times ◽  
Motor Preparation ◽  
Motion Artifact ◽  
Theta Band ◽  
Beta Band ◽  
Target Uncertainty ◽  
Band Power

AbstractWhile beta-band activity during motor planning is known to be modulated by uncertainty about where to act, less is known about its modulations to uncertainty about how to act. To investigate this issue, we recorded oscillatory brain activity with EEG while human participants (n = 17) performed a hand choice reaching task. The reaching hand was either predetermined or of participants’ choice, and the target was close to one of the two hands or at about equal distance from both. To measure neural activity in a motion-artifact-free time window, the location of the upcoming target was cued 1000-1500 ms before the presentation of the target, whereby the cue was valid in 50% of trials. As evidence for motor planning during the cueing phase, behavioral observations showed that the cue affected later hand choice. Furthermore, reaction times were longer in the choice than in the predetermined trials, supporting the notion of a competitive process for hand selection. Modulations of beta-band power over central cortical regions, but not alpha-band or theta-band power, were in line with these observations. During the cueing period, reaches in predetermined trials were preceded by larger decreases in beta-band power than reaches in choice trials. Cue direction did not affect reaction times or beta-band power, which may be due to the cue being invalid in 50% of trials, retaining effector uncertainty during motor planning. Our findings suggest that effector uncertainty, similar to target uncertainty, selectively modulates beta-band power during motor planning.New & NoteworthyWhile reach-related beta-band power in central cortical areas is known to modulate with the number of potential targets, here we show, using a cueing paradigm, that the power in this frequency band, but not in the alpha or theta-band, is also modulated by the uncertainty of which hand to use. This finding supports the notion that multiple possible effector-specific actions can be specified in parallel up to the level of motor preparation.

Temporal integration depends on increased prestimulus beta band power

2012 ◽  
Vol 49 (11) ◽  
pp. 1632-1635 ◽  
Author(s):  
Linda Geerligs ◽  
Elkan G. Akyürek
Keyword(s):  
Temporal Integration ◽  
Beta Band ◽  
Band Power

scholarly journals Spontaneous Beta Band Rhythms in the Predictive Coding of Natural Stimuli

2020 ◽  
pp. 107385842092898 ◽  
Author(s):  
Viviana Betti ◽  
Stefania Della Penna ◽  
Francesco de Pasquale ◽  
Maurizio Corbetta
Keyword(s):  
Predictive Coding ◽  
Physical World ◽  
Brain Regions ◽  
Temporal Coding ◽  
Strong Interactions ◽  
Beta Band ◽  
Cognitive Representations ◽  
Band Power ◽  
The Brain

The regularity of the physical world and the biomechanics of the human body movements generate distributions of highly probable states that are internalized by the brain in the course of a lifetime. In Bayesian terms, the brain exploits prior knowledge, especially under conditions when sensory input is unavailable or uncertain, to predictively anticipate the most likely outcome of upcoming stimuli and movements. These internal models, formed during development, yet still malleable in adults, continuously adapt through the learning of novel stimuli and movements. Traditionally, neural beta (β) oscillations are considered essential for maintaining sensorimotor and cognitive representations, and for temporal coding of expectations. However, recent findings show that fluctuations of β band power in the resting state strongly correlate between cortical association regions. Moreover, central (hub) regions form strong interactions over time with different brain regions/networks (dynamic core). β band centrality fluctuations of regions of the dynamic core predict global efficiency peaks suggesting a mechanism for network integration. Furthermore, this temporal architecture is surprisingly stable, both in topology and dynamics, during the observation of ecological natural visual scenes, whereas synthetic temporally scrambled stimuli modify it. We propose that spontaneous β rhythms may function as a long-term “prior” of frequent environmental stimuli and behaviors.

scholarly journals Frontal Oscillatory Dynamics Predict Feedback Learning and Action Adjustment

2011 ◽  
Vol 23 (12) ◽  
pp. 4106-4121 ◽  
Author(s):  
Irene van de Vijver ◽  
K. Richard Ridderinkhof ◽  
Michael X Cohen
Keyword(s):  
Negative Feedback ◽  
Time Estimation ◽  
Button Press ◽  
Theta Band ◽  
Beta Band ◽  
Oscillatory Dynamics ◽  
Band Power ◽  
Feedback Learning ◽  
Resolution Measure ◽  
Band Activity

Frontal oscillatory dynamics in the theta (4–8 Hz) and beta (20–30 Hz) frequency bands have been implicated in cognitive control processes. Here we investigated the changes in coordinated activity within and between frontal brain areas during feedback-based response learning. In a time estimation task, participants learned to press a button after specific, randomly selected time intervals (300–2000 msec) using the feedback after each button press (correct, too fast, too slow). Consistent with previous findings, theta-band activity over medial frontal scalp sites (presumably reflecting medial frontal cortex activity) was stronger after negative feedback, whereas beta-band activity was stronger after positive feedback. Theta-band power predicted learning only after negative feedback, and beta-band power predicted learning after positive and negative feedback. Furthermore, negative feedback increased theta-band intersite phase synchrony (a millisecond resolution measure of functional connectivity) among right lateral prefrontal, medial frontal, and sensorimotor sites. These results demonstrate the importance of frontal theta- and beta-band oscillations and intersite communication in the realization of reinforcement learning.

scholarly journals The cerebellar clock: predicting and timing somatosensory touch

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lau M. Andersen ◽  
Sarang S. Dalal
Keyword(s):  
Human Brain ◽  
Sensory Feedback ◽  
Theta Band ◽  
Beta Band ◽  
Precise Timing ◽  
Band Power ◽  
Sensory Expectations ◽  
Band Activity

0AbstractHumans are adept at predicting what will happen next and when precisely it will occur. An activity as everyday as walking at a steady pace through a busy city while talking to a friend can only happen as smoothly as it does because the human brain has predicted most of the sensory feedback it will receive. It is only when the sensory feedback does not match what was expected, say, a sudden slippery spot on the pavement, that one becomes aware of the sensory feedback. The cerebellum is known to be involved in these predictions, but not much is known about the precise timing of them due to the scarcity of time-sensitive cerebellar neuroimaging studies, such as ones conducted with magnetoencephalography.We here investigated the timing of sensory expectations as they are expressed in the cerebellum using magnetoencephalography. We did this by comparing the cerebellum’s response to somatosensory omissions from regular trains of stimulation to its response to omissions from irregular trains of stimulation. This revealed that omissions following regular trains of stimulation showed higher cerebellar power in the beta band than those following irregular trains of stimulation, precisely when the omitted stimulus should have appeared. We also found evidence of cerebellar theta band activity encoding the rhythm of new sequences of stimulationOur results furthermore strongly suggest that the putamen and the thalamus mirror the cerebellum in showing higher beta band power when omissions followed regular trains of stimulation compared to when they followed irregular trains of stimulation.We interpret this as the cerebellum functioning as a clock that precisely encodes and predicts upcoming stimulation, perhaps in tandem with the putamen and thalamus. Relative to less predictable stimuli, perfectly predictable stimuli induce greater cerebellar power. This implies that the cerebellum entrains to rhythmic stimuli for the purpose of catching any deviations from that rhythm.

Added value of money on motor performance feedback: Increased left central beta-band power for rewards and fronto-central theta-band power for punishments

NeuroImage ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 179 ◽  
pp. 63-78 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raphaël Hamel ◽  
Félix-Antoine Savoie ◽  
Angélina Lacroix ◽  
Kevin Whittingstall ◽  
Maxime Trempe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Performance Feedback ◽  
Motor Performance ◽  
Added Value ◽  
Theta Band ◽  
Beta Band ◽  
Band Power ◽  
Value Of Money ◽  
Theta Band Power

scholarly journals The role of individual-typological features in the perception of radiation threat

2018 ◽  
Vol 75 (1) ◽  
pp. 6-11
Author(s):  
M. Hresko
Keyword(s):  
Spectral Power ◽  
Dominant Frequency ◽  
Theta Band ◽  
Beta Band ◽  
Organic Lesion ◽  
Delta Band ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Neurophysiological Basis ◽  
Individual Typological Characteristics

The object of the study was to determine the role of individual typological features in the perception of the radiation threat. A retrospective and comparative analysis of the psychometric and neurophysiological parameters of participants in the liquidation of the Chernobyl accident (liquidators) was conducted. In the post-accident period the liquidators have a deformation of the personality, which is characterized by the growth of introversion and neuroticism, the sharpening of the character traits of the personality and the increase in the number of accentuations of the emotiveness, pedantry, anxiety, cyclothymia, dysthymia and excitability type. The neurophysiological basis of individual-typological characteristics of personality is defined. Which consists in the growth of the relative and absolute spectral power of the delta band, a decrease in the relative and absolute spectral power of the beta band and a decrease in the dominant frequency. Such changes may indicate an organic lesion of the brain, mainly in the cortico-limbic system. The radiation dose positively correlated with the relative spectral power of the delta and theta band, negatively with the relative and absolute spectral power of the beta band and the dominant frequency. Such features of personality as extraversion, neuroticism, cyclothymia and excitability are positively correlated with the dose of irradiation. At the liquidators, the perception of radiation factors is inadequate: diseases associated with the action of ionizing radiation occupy the fifth rank, the danger from the presence of radiation in the air is rank 8, while the dangerous factors "smoking" and "alcohol use" occupy the last ranked places. The hypertrophied perception of the radiation threat positively correlates with personality traits, such as emotiveness, pedantry, demonstrativeness, anxiety and exaltation.

scholarly journals Neural Encoding of the Reliability of Directional Information During the Preparation of Targeted Movements

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charidimos Tzagarakis ◽  
Sarah West ◽  
Giuseppe Pellizzer
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Time ◽  
Visual Information ◽  
Brain Activity ◽  
Reaction Times ◽  
Motor Preparation ◽  
Theta Band ◽  
Beta Band ◽  
Directional Information ◽  
Reaching Task ◽  
Band Power

Visual information about the location of an upcoming target can be used to prepare an appropriate motor response and reduce its reaction time. Here, we investigated the brain mechanisms associated with the reliability of directional information used for motor preparation. We recorded brain activity using magnetoencephalography (MEG) during a delayed reaching task in which a visual cue provided valid information about the location of the upcoming target with 50, 75, or 100% reliability. We found that reaction time increased as cue reliability decreased and that trials with invalid cues had longer reaction times than trials with valid cues. MEG channel analysis showed that during the late cue period the power of the beta-band from left mid-anterior channels, contralateral to the responding hand, correlated with the reliability of the cue. This effect was source localized over a large motor-related cortical and subcortical network. In addition, during invalid-cue trials there was a phasic increase of theta-band power following target onset from left posterior channels, localized to the left occipito-parietal cortex. Furthermore, the theta-beta cross-frequency coupling between left mid-occipital and motor cortex transiently increased before responses to invalid-cue trials. In conclusion, beta-band power in motor-related areas reflected the reliability of directional information used during motor preparation, whereas phasic theta-band activity may have signaled whether the target was at the expected location or not. These results elucidate mechanisms of interaction between attentional and motor processes.

About the Brain, the Face, and Emotion

1984 ◽  
Vol 29 (7) ◽  
pp. 567-568
Author(s):  
Gilles Kirouac
Keyword(s):  
The Face ◽  
The Brain
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