scholarly journals Molecular epidemiology of ColombianHistoplasma capsulatumisolates shows their polyphyletic behavior and point out raw chicken manure as one of the infections sources

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luisa F. Gómez ◽  
Myrtha Arango ◽  
Juan G. McEwen ◽  
Oscar M. Gómez ◽  
Alejandra Zuluaga ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Histoplasma Capsulatum ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Clinical Isolates ◽  
Organic Fertilizers ◽  
Chicken Manure ◽  
Environmental Isolates ◽  
Dimorphic Fungus ◽  
Infection Source ◽  
Great Genetic Diversity ◽  
The Tropics

AbstractThe thermally dimorphic fungusHistoplasma capsulatumis the causative agent of histoplasmosis, which is the most prevalent endemic mycosis in America. The replacement of organic matter in agro-ecosystems is necessary in the tropics, and the use of organic fertilizers has increased. Cases and outbreaks due to the presence of the fungus in these components have been reported. In Colombia, chicken manure is the most common raw material in the organic fertilizers production. In this work, we reached the isolation of the fungus from a chicken manure. Then, we were able to compare genetically 3 environmental isolates with 42 Colombian human clinical isolates. The genetic comparison showed the environmental isolates grouping together with the clinical isolates. This result suggests chicken manure as one of the infection source withH. capsulatum. Also, the phylogenetic analysis using anotherH. capsulatumisolates from databases showed that the Colombian isolates widely distributed in the relation tree. This result pointed out the great genetic diversity amongH. capsulatumColombian population.

scholarly journals Capacity of Histoplasma capsulatum to Survive the Composting Process

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Luisa Fernanda Gómez Londoño ◽  
Laura Carolina Pérez León ◽  
Juan Guillermo McEwen Ochoa ◽  
Alejandra Zuluaga Rodriguez ◽  
Carlos Alberto Peláez Jaramillo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nested Pcr ◽  
Phosphorus Content ◽  
Histoplasma Capsulatum ◽  
Organic Fertilizer ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Chicken Manure ◽  
High Nitrogen ◽  
Dimorphic Fungus ◽  
Nitrogen And Phosphorus ◽  
Composting Process

Histoplasma capsulatum (H. capsulatum) is a thermal-dimorphic fungus, the causal agent of histoplasmosis. Its presence in the environment is related with chicken manure due to their high nitrogen and phosphorus content. In Colombia, chicken manure is the most used raw material in the composting process; however, there is no information about the capacity of H. capsulatum to survive and remain viable in a composted organic fertilizer. To address this question, this study shows three assays based on microbiological culture and the Hc100 nested PCR. First, a composting reactor system was designed to transform organic material under laboratory conditions, and the raw material was inoculated with the fungus. From these reactors, the fungus was not isolated, but its DNA was detected. In the second assay, samples from factories where the DNA of the fungus was previously detected by PCR were analyzed. In the raw material samples, 3 colonies of H. capsulatum were isolated and its DNA was detected. However, after the composting process, neither the fungus was recovered by culture nor DNA was detected. In the third assay, sterilized and nonsterilized organic composted samples were inoculated with H. capsulatum and then evaluated monthly during a year. In both types of samples, the fungus DNA was detected by Hc100 nested PCR during the whole year, but the fungus only grew from sterile samples during the first two months evaluated. In general, the results of the assays showed that H. capsulatum is not able to survive a well-done composting process.

scholarly journals Legionella pneumophilaand OtherLegionellaSpecies Isolated from Legionellosis Patients in Japan between 2008 and 2016

2018 ◽  
Vol 84 (18) ◽  
Author(s):  
Junko Amemura-Maekawa ◽  
Fumiaki Kura ◽  
Kyoko Chida ◽  
Hitomi Ohya ◽  
Jun-ichi Kanatani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Legionella Pneumophila ◽  
Minimum Spanning Tree ◽  
Clinical Isolates ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Environmental Isolates ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Suspected Infection ◽  
Source Of Infection ◽  
Infection Source ◽  
Bath Water

ABSTRACTTheLegionellaReference Center in Japan collected 427Legionellaclinical isolates between 2008 and 2016, including 7 representative isolates from corresponding outbreaks. The collection included 419Legionella pneumophilaisolates, of which 372 belonged to serogroup 1 (SG1) (87%) and the others belonged to SG2 to SG15 except for SG7 and SG11, and 8 isolates of otherLegionellaspecies (Legionella bozemanae,Legionella dumoffii,Legionella feeleii,Legionella longbeachae,Legionella londiniensis, andLegionella rubrilucens).L. pneumophilaisolates were genotyped by sequence-based typing (SBT) and represented 187 sequence types (STs), of which 126 occurred in a single isolate (index of discrimination of 0.984). These STs were analyzed using minimum spanning tree analysis, resulting in the formation of 18 groups. The pattern of overall ST distribution amongL. pneumophilaisolates was diverse. In particular, some STs were frequently isolated and were suggested to be related to the infection sources. The major STs were ST23 (35 isolates), ST120 (20 isolates), and ST138 (16 isolates). ST23 was the most prevalent and most causative ST for outbreaks in Japan and Europe. ST138 has been observed only in Japan, where it has caused small-scale outbreaks; 81% of those strains (13 isolates) were suspected or confirmed to infect humans through bath water sources. On the other hand, 11 ST23 strains (31%) and 5 ST120 strains (25%) were suspected or confirmed to infect humans through bath water. These findings suggest that some ST strains frequently cause legionellosis in Japan and are found under different environmental conditions.IMPORTANCELegionella pneumophilaserogroup 1 (SG1) is the most frequent cause of legionellosis. Our previous genetic analysis indicated that SG1 environmental isolates represented 8 major clonal complexes, consisting of 3 B groups, 2 C groups, and 3 S groups, which included major environmental isolates derived from bath water, cooling towers, and soil and puddles, respectively. Here, we surveyed clinical isolates collected from patients with legionellosis in Japan between 2008 and 2016. Most strains belonging to the B group were isolated from patients for whom bath water was the suspected or confirmed source of infection. Among the isolates derived from patients whose suspected infection source was soil or dust, most belonged to the S1 group and none belonged to the B or C groups. Additionally, the U group was discovered as a new group, which mainly included clinical isolates with unknown infection sources.

scholarly journals Role of cysteine in regulating morphogenesis and mitochondrial activity in the dimorphic fungus Histoplasma capsulatum.

1981 ◽  
Vol 78 (7) ◽  
pp. 4596-4600 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Maresca ◽  
A. M. Lambowitz ◽  
V. B. Kumar ◽  
G. A. Grant ◽  
G. S. Kobayashi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Histoplasma Capsulatum ◽  
Mitochondrial Activity ◽  
Dimorphic Fungus

scholarly journals Molecular epidemiology of Colombian Histoplasma capsulatum isolates obtained from human and chicken manure samples

Heliyon ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (7) ◽  
pp. e02084 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luisa F. Gómez ◽  
Myrtha Arango ◽  
Juan G. McEwen ◽  
Oscar M. Gómez ◽  
Alejandra Zuluaga ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Epidemiology ◽  
Histoplasma Capsulatum ◽  
Chicken Manure

Expression of alpha- and beta-tubulin genes during dimorphic-phase transitions of Histoplasma capsulatum

1989 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 2042-2049
Author(s):  
G S Harris ◽  
E J Keath ◽  
J Medoff
Keyword(s):  
Phase Transitions ◽  
Histoplasma Capsulatum ◽  
Blot Hybridization ◽  
Dot Blot ◽  
Dimorphic Fungus ◽  
Tubulin Gene ◽  
Beta Tubulin ◽  
Two Dimensional Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Western Blots ◽  
Alpha Tubulin

Recent investigations have confirmed the presence of one alpha-tubulin gene (TUB1) and one beta-tubulin gene (TUB2) in the dimorphic fungus Histoplasma capsulatum. In the present study, Northern blot (RNA blot) analyses revealed multiple alpha-tubulin transcripts and a single beta-tubulin transcript in the yeast and mycelial phases of the high-virulence 217B strain and low-virulence Downs strain. S1 nuclease protection assays demonstrated one initiation start site and two major stop sites for the TUB1 transcripts, suggesting that variations in 3' processing generate the alpha-tubulin messages of 2.5 and 2.0 kilobases. Dot blot hybridization experiments indicated that tubulin gene expression is developmentally regulated during the dimorphic phase transitions. alpha- and beta-tubulin mRNAs increased six- to eightfold during the yeast-to-mycelium conversion and decreased two- to threefold during the reverse transition. These changes in tubulin mRNA content coincided with major morphological events associated with H. capsulatum development. Western blots (immunoblots) of H. capsulatum yeast-specific proteins resolved by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis demonstrated a single alpha- and a single beta-tubulin isoform. Multiple tubulin polypeptides expressed in mycelia are probably products of posttranslational modifications.

scholarly journals Response of black rice (Oryza sativa L Indica.) to organic fertilizer and seedling number on grain yield, amylum, antioxidant, and thiamin hydrochloride contents

2018 ◽  
Vol 192 ◽  
pp. 03032
Author(s):  
Okti Herliana ◽  
A. H. Saeful Anwar ◽  
Ida Widiyawati
Keyword(s):  
Oryza Sativa L ◽  
Organic Fertilizer ◽  
Organic Fertilizers ◽  
Chicken Manure ◽  
Thiamine Hydrochloride ◽  
Anthocyanin Content ◽  
Black Rice ◽  
Central Java ◽  
Combination Treatments ◽  
Main Plot

This study aimed to investigate the influence of organic fertilizers and seedling numbers each holes of black rice on yield, antioxidant, amylum, and thiamin hydroclorine contents, and to observe the interaction effect between types of organic fertilizers and seedling numbers each hole planting. This study was conducted on rice field in Karanglewas Kidul Village, Karanglewas, Banyumas Regency, Central Java from April until September 2016. The location altitude in this study for about 93 meters above the sea level. The study was arranged by Split Plot Design by the main plot consist with three types of organic fertilizers that was chicken, goat, and cow manures, and the sub plot was consists by seedling number were, three, two, and one seedling by each holes, with three replicates of each combination treatments. The result showed that chicken manure treatment provide the best influences on grain weight per hectare by 5.154 tons, amylum content by 33.86%, anthocyanin content by 275.40 ppm, and Thiamin hydrocloride content by 0.056 mg/10g. The three seedling each hole provide the best influences on amylum content by 33.78%, anthocyanin content by 275.18 ppm, and thiamine hydrochloride content by 0.058 mg/10g.

scholarly journals Disseminated histoplasmosis in a renal transplant recipient – a fatal case report

2011 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 163-165
Author(s):  
Tânia Mara L.B. Araújo ◽  
Geraldo B. Silva Junior ◽  
Orivaldo A. Barbosa ◽  
Rafael S.A. Lima ◽  
Elizabeth F. Daher
Keyword(s):  
Renal Transplant ◽  
Transplant Recipient ◽  
Renal Transplant Recipient ◽  
Histoplasma Capsulatum ◽  
Fatal Case ◽  
Tracheal Aspirate ◽  
Respiratory Pattern ◽  
Vasoactive Drugs ◽  
Dimorphic Fungus ◽  
Disseminated Histoplasmosis

Histoplasmosis is an infectious disease caused by the dimorphic fungus Histoplasma capsulatum.. The disseminated form is usually found in immunocompromised patients. A 53 year-old man, renal transplant recipient, was admitted with fever, dyspnea, productive cough, adynamia and weight loss. He was septic, but hemodynamically stable. The tracheal aspirate found intracellular fungi and the peripheral blood exam was compatible with histoplasmosis. The patient presented a progressive worsening of respiratory pattern and needed mechanical ventilation, vasoactive drugs and hemodialysis. A large spectrum antimicrobial therapy was started, including amphotericin B, but the patient died. Keyword: Disseminated histoplasmosis. Kidney transplantation. Immunosuppression DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jom.v12i2.7125 JOM 2011; 12(2): 163-165

scholarly journals Comparison of the Sub-Critical Fluid Extraction of the Essential Oil of Turmeric (Curcuma longa L.) with That of Hydrodistillation

Eng ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 608-619
Author(s):  
David Mc Gaw ◽  
Rosemarie Skeene
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oil ◽  
Curcuma Longa ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Weight Basis ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Fluid Extraction ◽  
Total Extract ◽  
Pharmaceutical Properties ◽  
The Tropics

Turmeric (Curcuma longa L.) is a spice plant grown in the tropics that contains both an essential oil and an oleoresin. The essential oil is important as a flavouring and has pharmaceutical properties, while the oleoresin is bright yellow in colour and has medicinal properties. The essential oil has traditionally been extracted by hydrodistillation/steam distillation with the total extract being extracted by solvent extraction and more recently by supercritical fluid extraction (SFE). The objective of the work described in this paper was to investigate the possibility of extracting the essential oil using sub-critical fluid extraction and to compare it with hydrodistillation. The experiments using hydrodistillation showed that unpeeled fresh turmeric was the preferred raw material, giving an oil yield of ≈6% dry weight basis, which is similar to that reported in the literature. The experimental programme on the extraction of the oil from dried unpeeled turmeric was carried out over a temperature range from 25 to 30 °C and pressures from 65 to 71 bar. Yields were generally higher than hydrodistillation (up to ≈9% dry weight basis) as were the compositions of the extracted oils. The preferred operating conditions were determined to be 25 °C temperature and 65 bar pressure. Curcumin, the major component of the oleoresin, was not found in the oil, thereby demonstrating that the sub-critical extract is a pure essential oil. It is suggested that consideration be given to evaluating an SFE process whereby the essential oil is initially fully extracted under sub-critical fluid extraction conditions, after which the oleoresin is extracted separately by raising the pressure to ≈250 bar.

scholarly journals Cystine reductase in the dimorphic fungus Histoplasma capsulatum.

1978 ◽  
Vol 135 (3) ◽  
pp. 987-992 ◽  
Author(s):  
B Maresca ◽  
E Jacobson ◽  
G Medoff ◽  
G Kobayashi
Keyword(s):  
Histoplasma Capsulatum ◽  
Dimorphic Fungus

scholarly journals The effect of organic fertilizer chicken on the growth of papaya plants in palm oil plantation: a case study of Naga Sari Village, Mestong, Muaro Jambi District

2021 ◽  
Vol 894 (1) ◽  
pp. 012030
Author(s):  
A T Maryani ◽  
N Mirna ◽  
F F Bahar
Keyword(s):  
Oil Palm ◽  
Organic Fertilizer ◽  
Organic Fertilizers ◽  
Chicken Manure ◽  
Animal Waste ◽  
Chemical Fertilizers ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Two Factors ◽  
Completely Randomized Design

Abstract The use of chemical fertilizers in agriculture has caused soil degradation and is harmful to human health. Organic fertilizers made from animal waste have received worldwide attention because they are not detrimental to health or the environment. This paper describes the effect of using organic fertilizers from chicken manure on the growth of papaya plants. A completely randomized design was used in this study using two factors and three repetitions; the variations of the fertilizers given were 0, 50, 100, 150, and 200 g. This study informed that organic chicken manure had a significant effect on the growth of oil palm and papaya plants. The best growth is oil palm and papaya plants given 200 g of organic fertilizer from chicken manure.

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