Capacity of Histoplasma capsulatum to Survive the Composting Process

Histoplasma capsulatum (H. capsulatum) is a thermal-dimorphic fungus, the causal agent of histoplasmosis. Its presence in the environment is related with chicken manure due to their high nitrogen and phosphorus content. In Colombia, chicken manure is the most used raw material in the composting process; however, there is no information about the capacity of H. capsulatum to survive and remain viable in a composted organic fertilizer. To address this question, this study shows three assays based on microbiological culture and the Hc100 nested PCR. First, a composting reactor system was designed to transform organic material under laboratory conditions, and the raw material was inoculated with the fungus. From these reactors, the fungus was not isolated, but its DNA was detected. In the second assay, samples from factories where the DNA of the fungus was previously detected by PCR were analyzed. In the raw material samples, 3 colonies of H. capsulatum were isolated and its DNA was detected. However, after the composting process, neither the fungus was recovered by culture nor DNA was detected. In the third assay, sterilized and nonsterilized organic composted samples were inoculated with H. capsulatum and then evaluated monthly during a year. In both types of samples, the fungus DNA was detected by Hc100 nested PCR during the whole year, but the fungus only grew from sterile samples during the first two months evaluated. In general, the results of the assays showed that H. capsulatum is not able to survive a well-done composting process.

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Molecular epidemiology of ColombianHistoplasma capsulatumisolates shows their polyphyletic behavior and point out raw chicken manure as one of the infections sources

10.1101/449876 ◽

2018 ◽

Author(s):

Luisa F. Gómez ◽

Myrtha Arango ◽

Juan G. McEwen ◽

Oscar M. Gómez ◽

Alejandra Zuluaga ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Histoplasma Capsulatum ◽

Raw Material ◽

Clinical Isolates ◽

Organic Fertilizers ◽

Chicken Manure ◽

Environmental Isolates ◽

Dimorphic Fungus ◽

Infection Source ◽

Great Genetic Diversity ◽

The Tropics

AbstractThe thermally dimorphic fungusHistoplasma capsulatumis the causative agent of histoplasmosis, which is the most prevalent endemic mycosis in America. The replacement of organic matter in agro-ecosystems is necessary in the tropics, and the use of organic fertilizers has increased. Cases and outbreaks due to the presence of the fungus in these components have been reported. In Colombia, chicken manure is the most common raw material in the organic fertilizers production. In this work, we reached the isolation of the fungus from a chicken manure. Then, we were able to compare genetically 3 environmental isolates with 42 Colombian human clinical isolates. The genetic comparison showed the environmental isolates grouping together with the clinical isolates. This result suggests chicken manure as one of the infection source withH. capsulatum. Also, the phylogenetic analysis using anotherH. capsulatumisolates from databases showed that the Colombian isolates widely distributed in the relation tree. This result pointed out the great genetic diversity amongH. capsulatumColombian population.

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Composted Rice Husk Improves the Growth and Biochemical Parameters of Sunflower Plants

Journal of Botany ◽

10.1155/2014/427648 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 2014 ◽

pp. 1-6 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Rabia Badar ◽

Shamim A. Qureshi

Keyword(s):

Rice Husk ◽

Biochemical Parameters ◽

Crude Protein ◽

Phosphorus Content ◽

Organic Fertilizer ◽

Organic Content ◽

Nitrogen And Phosphorus ◽

Total Carbohydrate ◽

Rhizobium Sp ◽

Microbial Treatments

The present study investigated the effects of composted rice husk (5 and 26; 10 g/2 kg of soil/pot) on growth and biochemical parameters of sunflower plants at the 30th and 60th day of germination. Result showed significant improvement in growth and biochemical parameters of plants as compared to control plants treated with uncomposted organic fertilizer. However, the effects vary with the microbial treatments involved in the composting of rice husk like composted with T. hamatum (JUF1), bradyrhizobium sp-II (JUR2) alone, and JUF1 in combination with Rhizobium sp-I (JUR1) were found effective in improving the shoot and root lengths, total chlorophyll, carbohydrate, crude protein, and mineral (nitrogen and phosphorus) content of sunflower plants. It indicates that composted rice husk with improved total carbohydrate and protein contents may increase the soil fertility by improving its organic content.

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UTILIZATION OF TOFU AND SAGO PULP AS ORGANIC LIQUID FERTILIZER AND ITS APPLICATION TO MUSTARD PLANT

EDU SCIENCES JOURNAL ◽

10.30598/edusciencesvol1iss1pp63-69 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 1 (1) ◽

pp. 63-69

Author(s):

Sunarti Sunarti ◽

Romelos Untailawan

Keyword(s):

Leaf Blade ◽

Phosphorus Content ◽

Organic Liquid ◽

Organic Fertilizer ◽

Leaf Length ◽

Nitrogen And Phosphorus ◽

Nitrogen Levels ◽

Mustard Plant ◽

Macro Nutrients

Tofu waste and sago pulp are waste that has the potential to pollute the environment because it creates unpleasant aesthetic odors. On the other hand, this second waste still contains nutrients, especially macro nutrients, so it can be used as a material for making liquid organic fertilizer. In this study, both materials were used as liquid organic fertilizer through the fermentation process with the addition of EM4 liquid and the determination of nitrogen and phosphorus elements by the Kjheldal method and spectrophotometry. Based on the research results obtained Nitrogen levels in tofu waste, sago pulp and liquid organic fertilizer in a row: 2.2558%; 0.4236% and 0.0382%. While the phosphorus content in a row: 0.024%; 0.014%; and 0.012%. The results of the application of liquid organic fertilizer on mustard plants gave a tendency to increase plant height, leaf length, leaf width of mustard plants, but there was no addition of leaf blade for 14 days after planting

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The biotechnological production of xanthan on vegetable oil industry wastewaters. Part I: Modelling and optimization

Chemical Industry and Chemical Engineering Quarterly ◽

10.2298/ciceq160430048b ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 23 (3) ◽

pp. 329-339 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Bojana Bajic ◽

Damjan Vucurovic ◽

Sinisa Dodic ◽

Zorana Roncevic ◽

Jovana Grahovac ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Carbon Source ◽

Vegetable Oil ◽

Xanthomonas Campestris ◽

Phosphorus Content ◽

Oil Industry ◽

Raw Material ◽

Nitrogen And Phosphorus ◽

Biotechnological Production ◽

Xanthan Production ◽

Industry Wastewater

The aim of this research was to examine the possibility of using the vegetable oil industry wastewater as the basis of the cultivation media for xanthan production, using Xanthomonas campestris ATCC 13951, in order to reuse the wastewater obtained in one industry as a raw material in another. Furthermore, the aim was to optimize the composition of wastewater based media in terms of carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus content. Experiments were carried out in accordance with the Box-Behnken design with three factors on three levels (glucose: 10.00- -30.00 g/L; nitrogen: 0.02-0.20 g/L; phosphorus: 0.0045-0.045 g/L) and three repetitions at the central point. The success of biosynthesis was assessed by analysing broths to determine xanthan yield, cultivation broth apparent viscosity, residual carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus content. Graphical and numerical optimization using response surface methodology was performed to determine the optimal content values of the carbon source, nitrogen, and phosphorus content. The results of graphical optimization suggest that for the defined response interval values, the defined model predicts that the xanthan production is possible when 15.00-16.00 g/L of the carbon source, 0.02-0.09 g/L of nitrogen and 0.01-0.02 g/L of phosphorus are added to the media that as a basis contains vegetable oil industry wastewater.

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Nitrogen and Phosphorus Content Changes in Paddy Soil and Water As Affected by Organic Fertilizer Application

Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture ◽

10.5338/kjea.2011.30.1.1 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 30 (1) ◽

pp. 1-8 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Kyung-Do Lee ◽

Kyeong-Bo Lee ◽

Geun-Hwan Gil ◽

In-hong Song ◽

Jong-Gook Kang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Paddy Soil ◽

Phosphorus Content ◽

Organic Fertilizer ◽

Fertilizer Application ◽

Nitrogen And Phosphorus ◽

Soil And Water

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Detection of Paracoccidioides brasiliensis in Tissue Samples by a Nested PCR Assay

Journal of Clinical Microbiology ◽

10.1128/jcm.38.8.2940-2942.2000 ◽

2000 ◽

Vol 38 (8) ◽

pp. 2940-2942 ◽

Cited By ~ 53

Author(s):

Ralf Bialek ◽

Aida Ibricevic ◽

Christian Aepinus ◽

Laura K. Najvar ◽

Annette W. Fothergill ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Nested Pcr ◽

Histoplasma Capsulatum ◽

Paracoccidioides Brasiliensis ◽

High Sensitivity ◽

Dimorphic Fungus ◽

Pcr Assay ◽

Tissue Samples ◽

Negative Results ◽

Pcr Product ◽

Atcc Strain

A nested PCR assay for the detection of Paracoccidioides brasiliensis DNA was evaluated, using a sequence of the immunogenic gp43 gene as a target. This gene encodes an outer membrane protein unique to this dimorphic fungus. DNA from six clinical isolates and the ATCC strain 60885 of P. brasiliensis, as well as DNA from closely related fungi, was examined to determine detection limits and cross-reactions. PCR was done on DNA extracts of lung homogenates from 23 experimentallyP. brasiliensis-infected and two uninfected BALB/c mice and from 20 Histoplasma capsulatum-infected ICR mice. The results were compared to quantitative cultures. A detection limit of 0.5 fg of specific DNA was determined using cloned plasmid DNA. In all seven P. brasiliensis isolates, the expected 196-bp nested PCR product was found. Their sequences were 100% identical to thegp43 gene sequence in GenBank. DNA extracts of all other, related fungi were negative. The PCR assay was positive in 21 out of 23 culture-positive lung homogenates with concentrations of 1 × 103 to 1.3 × 107 CFU of P. brasiliensis per g of lung. Uninfected BALB/c mice and H. capsulatum-infected mice samples gave negative results. The high sensitivity and specificity of this new nested PCR assay for the detection of P. brasiliensis in tissue samples were demonstrated. The assay may be useful for diagnosis in human tissue samples.

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ANALYSIS FOR POTENCY AND PRODUCTION OF GRANULE ORGANIC FERTILIZER BASED ON MANURE

Jurnal Rekayasa Lingkungan ◽

10.29122/jrl.v7i2.1951 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 7 (2) ◽

Author(s):

Firman L. Sahwan

Keyword(s):

Organic Material ◽

Organic Materials ◽

Raw Materials ◽

Organic Fertilizer ◽

Raw Material ◽

Cow Manure ◽

Production Potential ◽

Natural Organic Material ◽

Very High

Organic materials that are generally used as raw material for organic fertilizer granules (POG) is a natural organic material that has been degrade, smooth and dry. One of the main raw materials are always used with a very high percentage of usage, is manure. Manure potential in Indonesia is very high, amounting to 113.6 million tons per year, or 64.7 million tons per year to the island of Java. From this amount, it will be generated numbers POG production potential of 17.5 million tons per year (total Indonesia) or 9.9 million tons per year for the island of Java. While the realistic POG production predictions figures made from raw manure is 2.5 million tons annually, a figure that has been unable to meet the number requirement of POG greater than 4 million tons per year. Therefore, in producing POG, it should be to maximize the using of the potential of other organic materials so that the use of manure can be saved. With the use of a small amount of manure (maximum 30% for cow manure), it would be useful also to avoid the production of POG with high Fe content.keywods: organic material, manure, granule organic fertilizer

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Respon Padi Gogo Terhadap Residu Pupuk Organik

Agrotek ◽

10.30862/agt.v3i2.566 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 3 (2) ◽

Author(s):

Baso Daeng

Keyword(s):

Environmental Sustainability ◽

Upland Rice ◽

Organic Fertilizer ◽

Growing Season ◽

Chicken Manure ◽

Good Effect ◽

Best Response ◽

Different Types ◽

Main Plot ◽

Plot Design

The rate of conversion of paddy fields and irrigation water crisis suggest to consider the development of upland rice.� Empowerment of organic-based dryland done to increase rice, as well as environmental sustainability efforts.� The purpose of this experiment was to determine the effect of organic fertilizer residue to upland rice in the second growing season.� Experiments using a split-split plot design.� The main plot consisted of a dosage of 50% and 100% organic fertilizer in the first growing season.� Sub plot consisted of chicken manure (20 tons ha-1), Centrosema� pubescens (4.3 tons ha-1) + chicken manure (10 tons ha-1), and Thitonia diversifolia (4.3 tons ha-1) + chicken manure (10 tons ha-1).� Sub-sub plot consist of Danau Gaung and Batu Tegi varieties.� The different types of fertilizer had no effect on plant productivity.� The addition of Thitonia diversifolia gave a good effect on some growth variable and its resistance due pathogen attack.� Batu Tegi varieties are varieties that give the best response from an organic fertilizer.� Interaction between dosage, type of fertilizer, and varieties do not provide areal impact.

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