scholarly journals Different features of cholera in malnourished and non-malnourised children: analysis of 10-year surveillance data from a large diarrheal disease hospital in urban Bangladesh

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sharika Nuzhat ◽  
Md Iqbal Hossain ◽  
Nusrat Jahan Shaly ◽  
Rafiqul Islam ◽  
Soroar Hossain Khan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nutritional Status ◽  
Case Management ◽  
Surveillance System ◽  
Management Strategy ◽  
Diarrheal Disease ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Under Five ◽  
Under Five Children ◽  
Severe Diarrhea ◽  
Malnourished Children

AbstractBackground: Malnourished children are more prone to infectious diseases including severe diarrhea compared to non-malnourished children. Understanding of the differences in the presentation of severe diarrhea such as cholera in children with varying nutritional status may help in the early identification and management these children. However, data are scarce on differences in the presentation in such children. Thus, we aimed to identify the clinical differentials among children with cholera with or without malnutrition.Methods: Data were extracted from diarrheal disease surveillance system (DDSS) of the Dhaka Hospital of icddr,b for the period, January 2008 to December 2017. Among under-five children, cholera positive (culture confirmed) and malnourished children (weight-for-age, weight-for-length or height-for-age Z score (WAZ, WHZ or HAZ) <-2) were considered as the cases (n=305) and children with cholera but non-malnourished (WAZ, HAZ, and WHZ ≥-2.00 to ≤+2.00) were the controls (n=276).Results: A total of 14,403 under-five children were enrolled in the surveillance system during the study period. After adjusting for potential covariates such as maternal illiteracy and slum dwelling, it was revealed that under-five malnourished children with cholera significantly more often presented to the hospital during evening hours (6 pm to 12 mid-night) (OR=1.64, 95% CI=1.16-2.31, P<0.05), had fathers who were illiterate (OR=1.70, 95% CI=1.11-2.62, P<0.05), presented with history of cough within last 7 days (OR=1.64, 95% CI=1.10-2.43, P<0.05), dehydrating diarrhea (OR=1.70, 95% CI=1.15-2.53, P<0.05), and had longer hospitalization (OR=1.50, 95% CI=1.05-2.14, P<0.05).Conclusions: The study results underscore the importance of understanding of the basic differences in the presentation of severe cholera in malnourished children for prompt identification and the subsequent management of these children. These observations may help policy makers in formulating better case management strategy.Author Summary:Malnourished children are more vulnerable to infectious diseases including cholera in comparison to the non-malnourished children. They often have suboptimal immune function, though there is no precise information on whether there is any difference in associated factor(s) or clinical course of cholera in under-five children with varying nutritional status. Therefore, this study was conducted to elucidate these insights by using the surveillance data of the Dhaka hospital of icddr,b. Among all the under-five children with cholera, 305 malnourished (WAZ or WLZ or HAZ <-2) children constituted as the cases (malnourished), and another 276 non-malnourished (WAZ, HAZ, and WHZ ≥-2.00GtoG≤+2.00) cholera children formed the comparison group.In this study we revealed that care seeking at evening time was more common in the malnourished children with cholera compared to those without malnutrition. Dehydrating diarrhea was about two folds higher and prolonged hospitalization was frequent in malnourished children with cholera than their counterparts. These key findings may help policy makers in formulating better case management strategy in the near future.

scholarly journals ASSESSMENT OF NUTRITIONAL STATUS AND ITS DETERMINANTS AMONG CHILDREN IN AGE GROUP OF 1-5 YEARS IN A TRIBAL POPULATION OF COIMBATORE DISTRICT-A CROSS SECTIONAL STUDY

2020 ◽  
pp. 51-54
Author(s):  
T. Pravin ◽  
P.K. Govindarajan ◽  
A. John William Felix
Keyword(s):  
Nutritional Status ◽  
Maternal Education ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Under Five ◽  
Under Five Children ◽  
Malnourished Children ◽  
Coimbatore District

Background: Under-five children are more vulnerable to malnutrition especially in rural areas resulting in more morbidity and mortality among them. The present study is aimed to assess the prevalence of malnutrition among children of 1-5 years of age in tribal hamlets of Valparai block, Coimbatore district in Tamil Nadu. Methods: A community-based, cross-sectional study was conducted among 95 children in the age group of 1-5 years during December-January 2020. Anthropometric measurements were taken. The indicators of nutritional status of children like stunting, underweight, and wasting were expressed using WHO growth standards. Results: The overall prevalence of malnutrition in our study was 31.6%. Among the 30 (31.6%) malnourished children, 40% were underweight, and 6.67% were severely underweight. 40% were stunted, of which 13.3% were severely stunted. Wasting was present in 23.3% of malnourished children. Severe wasting was not seen. Socio-demographic factors including the type of house, maternal education, BMI of the mother, age of mother at childbirth and place of delivery had significant association with malnutrition among under-five tribal children. Conclusions: Malnutrition poses a serious threat to under-five children. Though many known risk factors of malnutrition have been studied, understanding the local factors linked with malnutrition is so crucial while planning information, education, and communication programs in this area.

scholarly journals Anthropometric Indices of Giardia-Infected Under-Five Children Presenting with Moderate-to-Severe Diarrhea and Their Healthy Community Controls: Data from the Global Enteric Multicenter Study

Children ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (12) ◽  
pp. 1186
Author(s):  
Shamsun Nahar Shaima ◽  
Sumon Kumar Das ◽  
Shahnawaz Ahmed ◽  
Yasmin Jahan ◽  
Soroar Hossain Khan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nutritional Status ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Giardia Infection ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Under Five ◽  
Under Five Children ◽  
Severe Diarrhea ◽  
Intestinal Parasitosis ◽  
Sub Saharan ◽  
Nutritional Status Of Children

Among all intestinal parasitosis, giardiasis has been reported to be associated with delayed growth in malnourished children under 5 living in low- and middle-income countries. Relevant data on the nutritional status of children aged 0–59 months presenting with moderate-to-severe diarrhea (MSD) and giardia infection were collected from sentinel health facilities of the Global Enteric Multicenter Study’s (GEMS) seven field settings, placed in diverse countries of Sub-Saharan Africa and South Asia between, December 2007 and February 2011. Then, this study analyzed a robust dataset of study participants (n = 22,569). Children having giardiasis with MSD constituted as cases (n = 1786), and those without MSD constituted as controls (n = 3470). Among the seven field sites, symptomatic giardiasis was 15% and 22% in Asian and African sites, respectively, whereas asymptomatic giardia infection (healthy without MSD) in Asian and African sites was 21.7% and 30.7%, respectively. Wasting and underweight were more frequently associated and stunting less often associated with symptomatic giardiasis (for all, p < 0.001). Symptomatic giardiasis had a significant association with worsening of nutritional status in under-five children. Improved socio-economic profile along with proper sanitation and hygienic practices are imperative to enhance child nutritional status, particularly in resource limited settings.

scholarly journals Risk of nutritional status on diarrhea among under five children

2015 ◽  
Vol 55 (4) ◽  
pp. 235
Author(s):  
Wiliam Jayadi Iskandar ◽  
I wayan Sukardi ◽  
Yati Soenarto
Keyword(s):  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Nutritional Status ◽  
Hospital Stay ◽  
Acute Diarrhea ◽  
Length Of Hospital Stay ◽  
Watery Diarrhea ◽  
Under Five ◽  
Under Five Children ◽  
Malnourished Children ◽  
Acute Watery Diarrhea

Background Diarrhea is still the leading cause of children’s mortality worldwide and the main cause of malnutrition. Meanwhile, malnourished children are proven to have more severe, prolonged, and frequent episodes of diarrhea, making them a vicious circle.Objective To investigate the risk of nutritional status on diarrheal severity and duration as well as length of hospital stay.Methods We conducted a cross sectional study involving 176 under five children who admitted to Mataram Province Hospital with acute diarrhea since January until December 2013. We analyzed data using logistic regression model.Results Most subjects were infants (median 12 months, range 1-53), male (56.8%), well-nourished (85.8%), admitted with acute watery diarrhea (97.2%), mild-to-moderate dehydration (71.6%), diarrhea severity score ≥11 (74.4%), duration of diarrhea ≤7 days (96.6%), and length of stay <5 days (73.3%). Logistic regression model indicated significant risk of nutritional status on length of hospital stay (adjusted OR 2.09, 95% CI 1.06 to 6.38), but neither diarrheal severity (adjusted OR 1.03, 95% CI 0.38 to 2.80) nor duration of diarrhea (adjusted OR = 1.17, 95% CI = 0.13 to 10.89) indicated significant risks. However, malnourished children had more severe (76% versus 74.2%) and longer duration (4% versus 3.3%) of diarrhea than well-nourished children.Conclusion Nutritional status is the risk for length of hospital stay in under-five children admitted with acute diarrhea. [

scholarly journals Impact of Community-Led Total Sanitation and Hygiene on Prevalence of Diarrheal Disease and Associated Factors among Under-Five Children: A Comparative Cross-Sectional Study in Selected Woredas of Gamo Gofa Zone, Southern Ethiopia

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Agune Ashole Alto ◽  
Wanzahun Godana ◽  
Genet Gedamu
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Diarrheal Disease ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Under Five ◽  
Under Five Children ◽  
Sanitation And Hygiene ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Gamo Gofa

Background. Diarrheal diseases are still one of the major causes of morbidity in under-five children in sub-Saharan Africa. In Ethiopia, diarrhea is responsible for 9% of all deaths and is the major cause of under-five mortality. Objective. To assess the impact of community-led total sanitation and hygiene on the prevalence of diarrheal disease and factors associated among under-five children in Gamo Gofa Zone. Methods. Community-based comparative cross-sectional study design was used to compare the impact of community-led total sanitation and hygiene intervention on under-five diarrheal disease. Multistage sampling method was employed. The data were collected by using pretested structured questionnaires. Data quality was ensured by daily supervision completeness and consistency. The data were coded, entered, and cleaned by using Epi Info version 7 and were analyzed by using SPSS version 20. Bivariate and multivariable analyses were carried out by using binary logistic regression. Significance was declared by using p value of <0.05 and AOR with 95% confidence intervals. Results. The response rate of this study was 93.3%. The overall diarrhea prevalence was 27.5% (CI = (24.06, 30.97)) which was 18.9% (CI = (14.94, 23.2)) in implemented and 36.2%. (CI = (30.41, 41.59)) in nonimplemented woredas. Children whose age was between 12 and 23 months (AOR = 1.6) and greater than 24 months (AOR = 5), availability of handwashing facilities (AOR = 4), disposal of waste in open field (AOR = 9.7), unimproved source of drinking water (AOR = 6.5), using only water for handwashing (AOR = 6), children who started complementary feeding less than 6 months (AOR = 5.6) and greater than 6 months (AOR = 5.2), and utensils used to feed children such as bottle (AOR = 3.9) were the factors positively associated with diarrhea. Conclusion. The overall prevalence of under-five diarrhea was 27.5%. The prevalence was low in CLTSH woredas as compared with non-CLTSH woredas. The study showed that handwashing facility, using only water for handwashing, open refuse disposal, and unimproved source of drinking water among under-five had a statistically significant association with diarrhea occurrence in CLTSH nonimplemented areas. Integrated efforts are needed from the Ministry of Health together with the WASH Project in improving drinking water, handwashing facilities, and solid waste disposal practices.

Implementation of Home Visit Programs in Improving Nutritional Status of Under-Five Children in Developing Countries: A Scoping Review

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Siti Zakiah Zulfa ◽  
◽  
Cesa Septiana Pratiwi ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Nutritional Status ◽  
Scoping Review ◽  
Home Visit ◽  
Home Visits ◽  
Severe Malnutrition ◽  
Severe Problem ◽  
Under Five ◽  
Under Five Children ◽  
Review Question

Background: In developing country, malnutrition of under five children was still a severe problem because it may have an impact on the quality of human resources in the future. Various program has been tried in many places to overcome this problem, one of which is through a home visit program, which is very necessary for educational purposes to manage malnutrition. This study aimed to determine how to implement a home visit program to improve the nutritional status of under five children in developing countries. Subjects and Method: A scoping review method was conducted using Arksey and O’malley (2005) framework with five steps: (1) Identify the scoping review question; (2) Identify relevant articles; (3) Article selection; (4) Mapping; (5) Present the results, discussion and conclusion. The search included Pubmed, Wiley, Ebsco, Science Direct, and Google scholar databases. The inclusion criteria were original articles in Indonesian and English from developing countries published from 2010 to 2019. The data were reported by PRISMA flow chart. Results: Five of the 159 articles were selected, and found that five themes were summarized, namely: (1) effective implementation of home visits, (2) types of rehabilitation of nutritional status of under-five children on home visits, (3) home visit officers 4) time and activities for conducting home visits and 5 ) constraints on home visits for malnutrition education purposes. Conclusion: Home visit program is an effective and significant strategy to reduce the incidence of underweight, moderate and severe malnutrition, stunting and wasting in under five children only when combined with other programs. Several knowledge gaps identify which confirm through further research. Keywords: home visit, nutritional status of under-five children, malnutrition, developing countries Correspondence: Siti Zakiah Zulfa. Universitas ‘Aisyiyah Yogyakarta. Jl. Ringroad Barat No.63, Mlangi, Nogotirto, Gamping, Sleman, Yogyakarta. Email: [email protected]. Mobile: 085641349694. DOI: https://doi.org/10.26911/the7thicph.02.11

scholarly journals Manuscript title: Prevalence and determinants of undernutrition among under-five children residing in urban slums and rural area, Maharashtra, India: a community-based cross-sectional study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sujata Kapil Murarkar ◽  
Jayashree Sachin Gothankar ◽  
Prakash Doke ◽  
Prasad Pore ◽  
Sanjay Lalwani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nutritional Status ◽  
Breast Feeding ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Maternal Education ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
Urban Slums ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Exclusive Breast Feeding ◽  
Under Five ◽  
Under Five Children

Abstract BackgroundUndernutrition among under five children in India is a major public health problem.Despite India’s growth in the economy, the child mortality rate due to undernutrition is still high in both urban and rural areas.Studies that focus on urban slums are scarce. Hence the present study was carried out to assess the prevalence and determinants of undernutrition in children under five in Maharashtra, India.Methods A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted in 16 randomly selected clusters in two districts of Maharashtra state, India. Data were collected through house to house survey by interviewing mothers of under five children. Total 2929 mothers and their 3,671 under five children were covered. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was carried out to identify the determinants of child nutritional status seperately in urban and rural areas. ResultsThe mean age of the children was 2.38 years (±SD 1.36) and mean age of mothers was 24.25 years (± SD 6.37).Overall prevalence of stunting among children under five was 45.9 %, wasting was 17.1% and 35.4% children were underweight.Prevalence of wasting, stunting and underweight were more seen in an urban slum than a rural area.In the rural areas exclusive breast feeding(p<0.001) and acute diarrhea (p=0.001) were associated with wasting, children with birth order 2 or less than 2 were associated with stunting and exclusive breast feeding (p<0.05) and low maternal education were associated with underweight. Whereas in the urban slums exclusive breast feeding(p<0.05) was associated with wasting, sex of the child (p<0.05) and type of family(p<0.05)were associated with stunting,and low income of the family(p<0.05) was associated with underweight.ConclusionsFactors like sex of the child, birth order,exclusive breast feeding ,economic status of the family, type of family,acute diarrhea and maternal education have influence on nutritional status of the child. Improvement of maternal education will improve the nutritional status of the child. Strategies are needed to improve the economic status of the community.Trial registration-Trial registration number:CTRI/2017/12/010881;Registration date:14/12/2017. Retrospectively registered.

scholarly journals Prevalence and determinants of undernutrition among under-five children residing in urban slums and rural area, Maharashtra, India: a community-based cross-sectional study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sujata Kapil Murarkar ◽  
Jayashree Sachin Gothankar ◽  
Prakash Doke ◽  
Prasad Pore ◽  
Sanjay Lalwani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nutritional Status ◽  
Breast Feeding ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Maternal Education ◽  
Urban Slums ◽  
Trial Registration ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Exclusive Breast Feeding ◽  
Under Five ◽  
Under Five Children

Abstract Background Undernutrition among under five children in India is a major public health problem.Despite India’s growth in the economy, the child mortality rate due to undernutrition is still high in both urban and rural areas.Studies that focus on urban slums are scarce. Hence the present study was carried out to assess the prevalence and determinants of undernutrition in children under five in Maharashtra, India.Methods A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted in 16 randomly selected clusters in two districts of Maharashtra state, India. Data were collected through house to house survey by interviewing mothers of under five children. Total 2929 mothers and their 3,671 under five children were covered. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was carried out to identify the determinants of child nutritional status seperately in urban and rural areas. Results The mean age of the children was 2.38years (±SD 1.365) and mean age of mothers was 24.25(± SD6.37) years.Overall prevalence of stunting among children under five was 45.9 %, wasting was 17.1% and 35.4% children were underweight.Prevalence of wasting, stunting and underweight were more seen in an urban slum than a rural area.In the rural areas exclusive breast feeding(p<0.001) and acute diarrhea (p=0.001)in children underfive were associated with wasting, children with birth order 2 or less than 2 were more affected by stunting and exclusive breast feeding (p<0.05) and low maternal education were associated with underweight.Whereas in the urban slums exclusive breast feeding(p<0.05) was associated with wasting, sex of the child (p<0.05) and type of family(p<0.05)were associated with stunting,and low income of the family(p<0.05) was associated with underweight.Conclusion Factors like sex of the child, birth order,exclusive breast feeding ,economic status of the family, type of family,acute diarrhea and maternal education have influence on nutritional status of the child. Improvement of maternal education will improve the nutritional status of the child. Strategies are needed to improve the economic status of the community.The trial registration-This article is part of baseline data of the project, hence not related to trial registration. After baseline data principal investigator had done trial registration retrospectively.

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