scholarly journals Phylogeny, phylogeography and hybridization of Caucasian barbels of the genus Barbus (Actinopterygii, Cyprinidae)

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Boris A. Levin ◽  
Alexander A. Gandlin ◽  
Evgeniy S. Simonov ◽  
Marina A. Levina ◽  
Anna E. Barmintseva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Structure ◽  
Black Sea ◽  
Phylogenetic Relationships ◽  
Caspian Sea ◽  
The Black Sea ◽  
Intergeneric Hybridization ◽  
Lake Sevan ◽  
East European ◽  
Geographic Coverage ◽  
First Time

AbstractThe phylogenetic relationships and the phylogeography of seven species of Caucasian barbels of the genus Barbus s. str. were studied based on extended geographic coverage and the use of mtDNA and nDNA markers. Based on the 26 species studied, matrilineal phylogeny of the genus Barbus is composed of two clades: a) West European clade, and b) Central and East European clade. The latter comprises two subclades: b1) Balkanian subclade, and b2) Ponto-Caspian subclade, which includes 11 lineages mainly from Black and Caspian Sea drainages. Caucasian barbels are not monophyletic and are subdivided into two groups. The Black Sea group encompasses species from tributaries of the Black Sea, including the reinstalled B. rionicus, except for B. kubanicus. The Caspian group includes B. ciscaucasicus, B. cyri (with B. goktschaicus, which might be synonymized with B. cyri), B. lacerta from the Tigris-Euphrates basin and B. kubanicus from the Kuban basin. The genetic structure of Black Sea barbels was influenced by glaciation-deglaciation periods accompanied by freshwater phases, periods of migration and the colonization of Black Sea tributaries. Intra- and intergeneric hybridization among Caucasian barbines was revealed for the first time. In the present study, we report the discovery of B. escherichii in the Kuban basin, where only B. kubanicus was known to inhabit. Hybrids of these two species were detected based on both mtDNA and nDNA markers. Remarkably, the Kuban population of B. escherichii is distant to closely located conspecific populations, and we consider it as a relic. We reveal the intergeneric hybridization between evolutionary tetraploid (2n=100) B. goktschaicus and evolutionary hexaploid (2n=150) Capoeta sevangi in Lake Sevan.

Quaternary sediment sources, sinks and transport pathways in the Black Sea-Caspian Sea region

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chiara Költringer ◽  
Thomas Stevens ◽  
Martin Lindner ◽  
Yunus Baykal ◽  
Redzhep Kurbanov
Keyword(s):  
Black Sea ◽  
Caspian Sea ◽  
East European Plain ◽  
The Black Sea ◽  
The Caspian Sea ◽  
Northern Iran ◽  
Transport Pathways ◽  
East European ◽  
Aeolian Deposits ◽  
The Crimea

<p>The Black Sea-Caspian Sea region is a vast and geomorphologically variable area where sea level changes, large rivers and their migration, and numerous interacting climate systems and aeolian regimes lead to a highly dynamic and complex situation of sediment supply and reworking. The area is blanketed by extensive loessic and sandy aeolian deposits, extending from northern Iran, through the Caucasus piedmont, Caspian lowland, and into the Crimea and East European Plain, as well as marine, fluvial and alluvial sediments. While loess deposits are especially extensive adjacent to major rivers such as the Volga, Don and Dnieper, the provenance, transport and nature of loess in this complex and highly dynamic environment remains poorly known.</p><p>Both, the Black Sea and the Caspian Sea experienced several transgressive and regressive phases during the Pleistocene, with temporary connections occurring over the Manych passage and resulting in the formation of marine terraces over a wide area, which are dry at present. The sea levels of the Caspian and Black seas and long-range north to south sediment transport are heavily influenced by the great rivers draining the previously glaciated East European Plain, the Volga, Don and Dnieper. In addition, the Black Sea and Caspian Sea are surrounded by mountain ranges, with the Carpathians in the west, the North Anatolian Mountains south of the Black Sea, the Crimea-Caucasus orogen and the Alborz mountains extending from northeast of the Black Sea to south of the Caspian Sea, all of which may act as sediment source regions. Furthermore, more distal orogens lying to the east, such as the Ural, Altai, Pamir and Kopet-Dag, and their palaeo-drainage systems, also represent potential sediment source areas for the Caspian Sea basin. The Karakum desert lying to the east of the south Caspian combines the potential of being a sediment sink for material from these mountains, as well as a secondary source for the Caspian Sea and the large loess area in northern Iran.<br>Here we apply U-Pb dating of detrital zircons to constrain the major sediment generating regions in this large area, transport pathways, and to further address the implications for sediment generation and cycling. In addition to loess, we aim to constrain the sediment transport pathways both for fluvial, marine and aeolian systems more generally, and to reconstruct the network of sediment routing in the Black Sea-Caspian Sea region. Our results reveal great spatial variability in zircon provenance and indicate the contribution of multiple source regions and transport pathways for most analysed samples and sites. Rivers have the strongest control on sediment erosion and distribution and are also in control of aeolian deposits, while not much sediment mixing seems to occur within the sea basins.</p>

LUMINESCENCE OF THE BLACK SEA MICROSCOPIC FUNGI CULTURES

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Olga Mashukova ◽  
Olga Mashukova ◽  
Yuriy Tokarev ◽  
Yuriy Tokarev ◽  
Nadejda Kopytina ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fresh Water ◽  
Black Sea ◽  
Ethyl Alcohol ◽  
Light Emission ◽  
Sea Water ◽  
Control Culture ◽  
Chemical Stimulation ◽  
The Black Sea ◽  
The Given ◽  
First Time

We studied for the first time luminescence characteristics of the some micromycetes, isolated from the bottom sediments of the Black sea from the 27 m depth. Luminescence parameters were registered at laboratory complex “Svet” using mechanical and chemical stimulations. Fungi cultures of genera Acremonium, Aspergillus, Penicillium were isolated on ChDA medium which served as control. Culture of Penicillium commune gave no light emission with any kind of stimulation. Culture of Acremonium sp. has shown luminescence in the blue – green field of spectrum. Using chemical stimulation by fresh water we registered signals with luminescence energy (to 3.24 ± 0.11)•108 quantum•cm2 and duration up to 4.42 s, which 3 times exceeded analogous magnitudes in a group, stimulated by sea water (p < 0.05). Under chemical stimulation by ethyl alcohol fungi culture luminescence was not observed. Culture of Aspergillus fumigatus possessed the most expressed properties of luminescence. Stimulation by fresh water culture emission with energy of (3.35 ± 0.11)•108 quantum•cm2 and duration up to 4.96 s. Action of ethyl alcohol to culture also stimulated signals, but intensity of light emission was 3–4 times lower than under mechanical stimulation. For sure the given studies will permit not only to evaluate contribution of marine fungi into general bioluminescence of the sea, but as well to determine places of accumulation of opportunistic species in the sea.

ANALYSIS OF THE FUNCTIONING OF MARINE ECOSYSTEMS ON CHANGING THE PARAMETERS OF THE BIOLUMINESCENCE FIELD ON THE CRIMEAN BLACK SEA SHELF

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Svetlana Rubtsova ◽  
Svetlana Rubtsova ◽  
Natalya Lyamina ◽  
Natalya Lyamina ◽  
Aleksey Lyamin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Black Sea ◽  
Field Intensity ◽  
Deep Water ◽  
Coastal Waters ◽  
Integrated Management ◽  
Abiotic Factors ◽  
Environmental Safety ◽  
The Black Sea ◽  
Intensity Increase ◽  
First Time

The concept of a new approach to environmental assessment is offered in the system of integrated management of the resource and environmental safety of the coastal area of the Black Sea. The studies of the season and daily changeability in the bioluminescence field in the Sevastopol coastal waters has been conducted. For the first time considerable differences in the bioluminescence field seasonal changes in the surface and deep water layers and the reasons conditioning this phenomenon have been shown, using a method of multidimensional statistical analysis. The bioluminescence field vertical profile change in the Black sea coastal waters in the autumn period at night has been studied. It has been shown that according to the character of bioluminescence parameters dynamics a water column can be divided into layers: upper (0 – 35 m) and deep water (36 – 60 m). It has been revealed that life rhythms of the plankton community are the main reason for the bioluminescence field intensity variability. It has been revealed that 14-hour periodicity of the bioluminescence field is related to the changes in light and its variations with 2,5…4,5 hours are conditioned by planktonts endogenous daily rhythms. And here biotic factors effect mostly periodicity of the bioluminescence field intensity increase and fall down at the dark time of the day. Abiotic factors are of less importance in circadian rhythmic of the bioluminescence field in the neritic zone.

scholarly journals Associations of Phoretic Mites on Bark Beetles of the Genus Ips in the Black Sea Mountains of Turkey

Forests ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (5) ◽  
pp. 516
Author(s):  
Cihan Cilbircioğlu ◽  
Marta Kovač ◽  
Milan Pernek
Keyword(s):  
Black Sea ◽  
Bark Beetles ◽  
Pinus Nigra ◽  
Mite Species ◽  
Tree Bark ◽  
The Black Sea ◽  
Forest Pests ◽  
Larval Stages ◽  
Suitable Habitats ◽  
First Time

Phoretic mites use bark beetles for transportation to new, suitable habitats. Some phoretic mites act as predators and parasitoids of the bark beetles’ immature stages, especially egg and early larval stages, and are potential agents for the biological control of scolytine forest pests. Mites live very frequently in relationships with other invertebrates. Many are found in association with various species of bark beetles. Here, a total of 41 specimens of different bark beetles of the genus Ips (Ips acuminatus, Ips sexdentatus and Ips typographus) were studied for presence, species composition, and abundance of phoretic mites. The beetles were collected on dead wood and parts of tree bark of Pinus nigra, Pinus sylvestris and Picea abies in the Black Sea Mountains in Kastamonu and Artin Province of Turkey. A total of nine mite species were found, including Dendrolaelaps quadrisetus, Ereynetes sp., Histiostoma piceae, Paraleius cf. leontonychus, Pleuronectocelaeno barbara., Proctolaelaps hystricoides, Schizostethus simulatrix, Trichouropoda lamellosa and Uroobovellaipidis. All species are identified for the first time within Turkish fauna.

scholarly journals Level of relics in high-mountain flora of isolated Fisht-Oshten Massif and Chernomorskaya Chain

2019 ◽  
pp. 21-29
Author(s):  
I. N. Timukhin ◽  
B. S. Tuniyev
Keyword(s):  
Black Sea ◽  
The Black Sea ◽  
High Mountain ◽  
The West ◽  
The Caucasus ◽  
The Holocene ◽  
Alpine Species ◽  
High Level ◽  
First Time ◽  
Relic Species

For the first time the level of relics of the high-mountain flora of the northwestern edge of the highlands of the Caucasus has been established. The Fisht-Oshten Massif and the Black Sea Chain have a uniquely high level of relics - 51.0% (617 species), with a predominance of Tertiary-relic species - Rt - 41.2% (498 species). The second largest representation is a group of Holocene relics - Rx - 7.3% (88 species), the minimum represented Pleistocene relics - Rg - 2.5% (31 species). The relic level of alpine species is one of the highest in the Caucasus and is 52.8% (338 species). Alpine species also have predominance of Pliocene relics - 46.7% (299 species), the number of glacial relics is 2.5% (16 species), the share of xerothermic relics - 3.6% (23 species). In the preservation of relic species revealed general trends, depending on the remoteness of local flora from the main diaspora on the Fisht-Oshten Massif and the modern area of the meadow belt. These trends persist in Tertiary relics, while other patterns are observed for glacial and Holocene relics. The number of glacial relics fades to the west, most clearly it can be seen in alpine species. The number of Holocene relics as much as possible on the edge areas (Fisht-Oshten Massif and Mt. Semashkho) and minimally on the central peaks of the Black Sea Chain, where the Holocene expansion of xerophyte plants was insignificant.

scholarly journals The fishes of the Bolaman Stream, Northern Turkey

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 38-54
Author(s):  
Serkan Saygun
Keyword(s):  
Black Sea ◽  
Fish Species ◽  
Fish Fauna ◽  
The Black Sea ◽  
Fish Samples ◽  
First Time ◽  
Squalius Cephalus

In this study, the fish species inhabiting the Bolaman Stream drains to the Black Sea from the Fatsa coast (Ordu Province, Turkey) was reported for the first time. The study was caught out non-periodically by sampling from seven stations in the Bolaman Stream between July 2017 and November 2018. Fish samples were captured with an electroshock device. With this study, it was determined that the fish fauna of the Bolaman Stream is represented by 10 species in five families (Acheilognothidae, Cyprinidae, Gobiidae, Leuciscidae, and Salmonidae). These species were as follows, respectively Rhodeus amarus, Barbus tauricus, Capoeta banarescui, Neogobius fluviatilis, Ponticola turani, Alburnus derjugini, Squalius cephalus, Vimba vimba, Alburnoides fasciatus, and Salmo coruhensis.

scholarly journals Update on the Geographic Distribution of Lutra lutra at the Romanian Black Sea Coast

2017 ◽  
Vol 60 (1) ◽  
pp. 413-417 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniyar Memedemin ◽  
Marian Tudor ◽  
Dan Cogălniceanu ◽  
Marius Skolka ◽  
Gabriel Bănică ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Black Sea ◽  
Threatened Species ◽  
The Black Sea ◽  
Lutra Lutra ◽  
Black Sea Coast ◽  
European Otter ◽  
First Time ◽  
The City ◽  
Near Threatened ◽  
Sea Coast

Abstract We report the occurrence of the European otter (Lutra lutra Linnaeus, 1758) along the entire Romanian Black Sea coast, for the first time. Several sightings were within the harbor and the city of Constanţa, indicating that the otter can accommodate to and tolerate high human impact. The report is based on observations made between 2012 and 2015. The species has been previously reported from all Romanian regions but not from the Black Sea coast. The occurrences reported within this article confirm an extension of the range of this Near Threatened species on the Romanian Black Sea coast, most probably due to the increasing of population size from other sources such as the Danube floodplain.

scholarly journals Fish larvae as food item of planktonic predator (Chaetognatha)

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 94-96
Author(s):  
I. V. Vdodovich ◽  
P. S. Podrezova ◽  
T. N. Klimova
Keyword(s):  
Black Sea ◽  
Significant Role ◽  
Food Item ◽  
Fish Larvae ◽  
High Abundance ◽  
The Black Sea ◽  
Larvae And Juveniles ◽  
Food Competitor ◽  
First Time ◽  
Active Predator

Photos of predation of sagitta (Chaetognatha) to fish larvae are presented for the first time for the Black Sea. While analyzing ichthyoplankton samples obtained in May and November in 2017 (94ᵗʰ and 98ᵗʰ cruises of RV “Professor Vodyanitsky”) several sagittas were found with their guts containing fish larvae. Fish larvae seem to have been captured by sagittas in the same way as sagittas in cannibalism cases, with both folding in half at the spot of capture. The data obtained allow us to assume sagittas in conditions of high abundance of eggs and fish larvae in the plankton to be not only a food competitor of larvae and juveniles of fish, as a fodder plankton consumer, but an active predator, being able to play a significant role in the elimination of ichthyoplankton.

scholarly journals Two New Families and a New Species of Myxosporeans (Myxozoa, Myxosporea) of the Mediterranean and Black Sea Fishes

2011 ◽  
Vol 45 (6) ◽  
pp. e-48-e-52
Author(s):  
V. Yurakhno
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Black Sea ◽  
The Black Sea ◽  
The Mediterranean ◽  
First Time ◽  
One New Species ◽  
A New Species

Two New Families and a New Species of Myxosporeans (Myxozoa, Myxosporea) of the Mediterranean and Black Sea FishesDescriptions of two new families — Polysporoplasmidae fam. n. (Syn. Sphaerosporidae Davis, 1917 in Sitja-Bobadilla, Alvarez-Pellitero, 1995) and Gadimyxidae fam. n. (syn. Parvicapsulidae Schulman, 1953 in Kie et al., 2007), and one new species of myxosporeans —Gadimyxa ovalesp. n. — parasites of fishes of the Mediterranean and the Black Seas are presented. Species of the genus Gadimyxa is found for the first time in the Black Sea.

scholarly journals The first unified inventory of non-native fishes of the South Caucasian countries, Armenia, Azerbaijan, and Georgia

2021 ◽  
pp. 32
Author(s):  
Tatia Kuljanishvili ◽  
Levan Mumladze ◽  
Bella Japoshvili ◽  
Namig Mustafayev ◽  
Shaig Ibrahimov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Black Sea ◽  
Fish Species ◽  
Caspian Sea ◽  
Native Species ◽  
Biological Diversity ◽  
Native Fish ◽  
The Black Sea ◽  
The South ◽  
In The Wild ◽  
Native Fishes

The South Caucasus (SC) region is recognized for its high biological diversity and various endemic animal taxa. The area has experienced many fish introductions over the years, but the overall information about non-native fishes in the three SC countries, Armenia, Azerbaijan, and Georgia did not exist. Although these three countries belong to the Kura River drainage, Caspian Sea basin (only the western half of Georgia drains into the Black Sea), the legislative framework for each country regarding introduction of non-native fish species and their treatment is different and poorly developed. The goal of the present study was to make an initial inventory of non-native fish species in the three SC countries, and summarize the existing knowledge as a basis for future risk assessment models and formulation of regional management policies. Here, we present a unified list of 27 non-native species recorded in the wild in Armenia, Azerbaijan, and Georgia. Among these 27 species, eight were translocated from the Black Sea basin to the Caspian Sea basin. Out of these 27 non-native fishes, 15 species have become established (three of them being considered invasive) and six fish species could not survive in the wild.

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