scholarly journals Reduced Resting-State Connectivity in the Precuneus is correlated with Apathy in Patients with Schizophrenia

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Caroline Garcia Forlim ◽  
Leonie Klock ◽  
Johanna Bächle ◽  
Laura Stoll ◽  
Patrick Giemsa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Neural Networks ◽  
Resting State ◽  
Negative Symptoms ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Images ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Resting State Networks ◽  
Healthy Individuals ◽  
Functional Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Resting State Connectivity ◽  
Positive And Negative Symptoms

AbstractA diagnosis of schizophrenia is associated with a heterogeneous psychopathology including positive and negative symptoms. The disconnection hypothesis, an early pathophysiological framework conceptualizes the diversity of symptoms as a result from disconnections in neural networks. In line with this hypothesis, previous neuroimaging studies of patients with schizophrenia reported alterations within the default mode network (DMN), the most prominent network at rest.Aim of the present study was to investigate the functional connectivity during rest in patients with schizophrenia and healthy individuals and explore whether observed functional alterations are related to the psychopathology of patients. Therefore, functional magnetic resonance images at rest were recorded of 35 patients with schizophrenia and 41 healthy individuals. Independent component analysis (ICA) was used to extract resting state networks.Comparing ICA results between groups indicated alterations only within the network of the DMN. More explicitly, reduced connectivity in the precuneus was observed in patients with schizophrenia compared to healthy controls. Connectivity in this area was negatively correlated with the severity of negative symptoms, more specifically with the domain of apathy.Taken together, the current results provide further evidence for a role DMN alterations might play in schizophrenia and especially in negative symptom such as apathy.

scholarly journals Resting-State Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging Connectivity Between Semantic and Phonological Regions of Interest May Inform Language Targets in Aphasia

2020 ◽  
Vol 63 (9) ◽  
pp. 3051-3067
Author(s):  
Amy E. Ramage ◽  
Semra Aytur ◽  
Kirrie J. Ballard
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Resting State ◽  
Brain Regions ◽  
Regions Of Interest ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Functional Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Language Performance

Purpose Brain imaging has provided puzzle pieces in the understanding of language. In neurologically healthy populations, the structure of certain brain regions is associated with particular language functions (e.g., semantics, phonology). In studies on focal brain damage, certain brain regions or connections are considered sufficient or necessary for a given language function. However, few of these account for the effects of lesioned tissue on the “functional” dynamics of the brain for language processing. Here, functional connectivity (FC) among semantic–phonological regions of interest (ROIs) is assessed to fill a gap in our understanding about the neural substrates of impaired language and whether connectivity strength can predict language performance on a clinical tool in individuals with aphasia. Method Clinical assessment of language, using the Western Aphasia Battery–Revised, and resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging data were obtained for 30 individuals with chronic aphasia secondary to left-hemisphere stroke and 18 age-matched healthy controls. FC between bilateral ROIs was contrasted by group and used to predict Western Aphasia Battery–Revised scores. Results Network coherence was observed in healthy controls and participants with stroke. The left–right premotor cortex connection was stronger in healthy controls, as reported by New et al. (2015) in the same data set. FC of (a) connections between temporal regions, in the left hemisphere and bilaterally, predicted lexical–semantic processing for auditory comprehension and (b) ipsilateral connections between temporal and frontal regions in both hemispheres predicted access to semantic–phonological representations and processing for verbal production. Conclusions Network connectivity of brain regions associated with semantic–phonological processing is predictive of language performance in poststroke aphasia. The most predictive connections involved right-hemisphere ROIs—particularly those for which structural adaptions are known to associate with recovered word retrieval performance. Predictions may be made, based on these findings, about which connections have potential as targets for neuroplastic functional changes with intervention in aphasia. Supplemental Material https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.12735785

scholarly journals A novel resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging signature of resilience to recurrent depression

2016 ◽  
Vol 47 (4) ◽  
pp. 597-607 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. I. Workman ◽  
K. E. Lythe ◽  
S. McKie ◽  
J. Moll ◽  
J. A. Gethin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Resting State ◽  
Seed Region ◽  
Functional Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Recurrent Depression ◽  
Neural Basis ◽  
Resting State Connectivity

BackgroundA high proportion of patients with remitted major depressive disorder (MDD) will experience recurring episodes, whilst some develop resilience and remain in recovery. The neural basis of resilience to recurrence is elusive. Abnormal resting-state connectivity of the subgenual cingulate cortex (sgACC) was previously found in cross-sectional studies of MDD, suggesting its potential pathophysiological importance. The current study aimed to investigate whether resting-state connectivity to a left sgACC seed region distinguishes resilient patients from those developing recurring episodes.MethodA total of 47 medication-free remitted MDD patients and 38 healthy controls underwent resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) at baseline. Over 14 months, 30 patients remained resilient whilst 17 experienced a recurring episode.ResultsAttenuated interhemispheric left-to-right sgACC connectivity distinguished the resilient from the recurring-episode and control groups and was not correlated with residual depressive symptoms.ConclusionsThe current study revealed a neural signature of resilience to recurrence in MDD and thereby elucidates the role of compensatory adaptation in sgACC networks.

Depression is associated with disconnection of neurotransmitter-related nuclei in multiple sclerosis

2020 ◽  
pp. 135245852094821
Author(s):  
Matteo Martino ◽  
Paola Magioncalda ◽  
Mohamed Mounir El Mendili ◽  
Amgad Droby ◽  
Swetha Paduri ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Resting State ◽  
Depressive Symptomatology ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Diffusion Weighted Mri ◽  
Functional Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Functional Connections ◽  
Brainstem Nuclei ◽  
And Diffusion

Background: Depression is frequently associated with multiple sclerosis (MS). However, the biological background underlying such association is poorly understood. Objective: Investigating the functional connections of neurotransmitter-related brainstem nuclei, along with their relationship with white matter (WM) microstructure, in MS patients with depressive symptomatology (MS-D) and without depressive symptomatology (MS-nD). Methods: Combined resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) and diffusion-weighted MRI (dMRI) study on 50 MS patients, including 19 MS-D and 31 MS-nD patients, along with 37 healthy controls (HC). Main analyses performed are (1) comparison between groups of raphe nuclei (RN)-related functional connectivity (FC); (2) correlation between RN-related FC and whole brain dMRI-derived fractional anisotropy (FA) map; and (3) comparison between groups of FA in the RN-related WM area. Results: (1) RN-related FC was reduced in MS-D when compared to MS-nD and HC; (2) RN-related FC positively correlated with FA in a WM cluster mainly encompassing thalamic/basal ganglia regions, including the fornix; and (3) FA in such WM area was reduced in MS-D. Conclusion: Depressive symptomatology in MS is specifically associated to a functional disconnection of neurotransmitter-related nuclei, which in turn may be traced to a distinct spatial pattern of WM alterations mainly involving the limbic network.

scholarly journals S198. SELF-DISTURBANCES AND THEIR NEURAL SIGNATURES IN SCHIZOPHRENIA

2020 ◽  
Vol 46 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S114-S114
Author(s):  
Yulia Zaytseva ◽  
Eva Kozakova ◽  
Pavel Mohr ◽  
Filip Spaniel ◽  
Aaron Mishara
Keyword(s):  
Resting State ◽  
Brain Connectivity ◽  
Resting State Fmri ◽  
Psychotic Symptoms ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Healthy Individuals ◽  
Motor Speech ◽  
Cognitive Domains ◽  
Aberrant Salience ◽  
First Rank Symptoms

Abstract Background The self-disturbances (SDs) concept is considered to be part of the Schneider’s first rank symptoms, i.e., thought-withdrawal, thought-insertion, thought-broadcasting, somatic-passivity experiences, mental/motor automatisms, disrupted unitary self-experience (Mishara et al., 2014). SDs were originally described by W. Mayer-Gross (1920), who observed them in psychotic patients. Methods We classified Mayer-Gross’ findings on SDs into the following categories: experience is new/compelling (aberrant salience), reduced access/importance of autobiographical past, cognitions/emotions occur independently from self’s volition, foreign agents have power over self and developed an SDs scale based on these categories and cognitive domains (perception, motor, speech, thinking etc.). Scale is applied as a measure of the frequency of the experiences. In our current study on phenomenology and neurobiology of psychotic symptoms, we administered the scale to a study group of patients with schizophrenia (N=84) and healthy volunteers (N=170). Further, the resting state fMRI was performed and the group was divided into two subgroups with (N=13) and without self-disturbances (N=10) and in healthy individuals (N=39). Results We found substantial differences in the frequency of self-disturbances in patients with schizophrenia compared to healthy controls (total score differences, Z=-5.83, p< 0.001). On a neural level, patients with self-disturbances experienced a decreased functional brain connectivity of the default mode and salience networks as compared to the patients without self-disturbances and healthy controls. The differences were mainly explained by the factor ‘’foreign agents’’ and the novelty of the experience. Discussion The scale identifies self-disturbances in schizophrenia and confirms self-related processing in patients with schizophrenia to be associated with altered activation in the cortical midline structures. Supported by the grant projects MH CR AZV 17-32957A and MEYS NPU4NUDZ: LO1611.

Timing dysfunction and cerebellar resting state functional connectivity abnormalities in youth at clinical high-risk for psychosis

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Juston Osborne ◽  
Katherine S. F. Damme ◽  
Tina Gupta ◽  
Derek J. Dean ◽  
Jessica A. Bernard ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Risk ◽  
Resting State ◽  
Negative Symptoms ◽  
Brain Regions ◽  
Internal Clock ◽  
Clinical High Risk ◽  
Resting State Functional Connectivity ◽  
Schizophrenia Spectrum ◽  
Temporal Bisection Task ◽  
Resting State Connectivity

Abstract Background Consistent with pathophysiological models of psychosis, temporal disturbances in schizophrenia spectrum populations may reflect abnormal cortical (e.g. prefrontal cortex) and subcortical (e.g. striatum) cerebellar connectivity. However, few studies have examined associations between cerebellar connectivity and timing dysfunction in psychosis populations, and none have been conducted in youth at clinical high-risk (CHR) for psychosis. Thus, it is currently unknown if impairments in temporal processes are present in CHR youth or how they may be associated with cerebellar connectivity and worsening of symptoms. Methods A total of 108 (56 CHR/52 controls) youth were administered an auditory temporal bisection task along with a resting state imaging scan to examine cerebellar resting state connectivity. Positive and negative symptoms at baseline and 12 months later were also quantified. Results Controlling for alcohol and cannabis use, CHR youth exhibited poorer temporal accuracy compared to controls, and temporal accuracy deficits were associated with abnormal connectivity between the bilateral anterior cerebellum and a right caudate/nucleus accumbens striatal cluster. Poor temporal accuracy accounted for 11% of the variance in worsening of negative symptoms over 12 months. Conclusions Behavioral findings suggest CHR youth perceive durations of auditory tones as shortened compared to objective time, which may indicate a slower internal clock. Poorer temporal accuracy in CHR youth was associated with abnormalities in brain regions involved in an important cerebellar network implicated in prominent pathophysiological models of psychosis. Lastly, temporal accuracy was associated with worsening of negative symptoms across 12 months, suggesting temporal dysfunction may be sensitive to illness progression.

scholarly journals Changes in extra-striatal functional connectivity in patients with schizophrenia in a psychotic episode

2017 ◽  
Vol 210 (1) ◽  
pp. 75-82 ◽  
Author(s):  
Henning Peters ◽  
Valentin Riedl ◽  
Andrei Manoliu ◽  
Martin Scherr ◽  
Dirk Schwerthöffer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Prefrontal Cortex ◽  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Functional Connectivity ◽  
Resting State ◽  
Ventral Striatum ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Images ◽  
Anterior Insula ◽  
Psychotic Episode ◽  
Functional Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Intrinsic Connectivity

BackgroundIn patients with schizophrenia in a psychotic episode, intra-striatal intrinsic connectivity is increased in the putamen but not ventral striatum. Furthermore, multimodal changes have been observed in the anterior insula that interact extensively with the putamen.AimsWe hypothesised that during psychosis, putamen extra-striatal functional connectivity is altered with both the anterior insula and areas normally connected with the ventral striatum (i.e. altered functional connectivity distinctiveness of putamen and ventral striatum).MethodWe acquired resting-state functional magnetic resonance images from 21 patients with schizophrenia in a psychotic episode and 42 controls.ResultsPatients had decreased functional connectivity: the putamen with right anterior insula and dorsal prefrontal cortex, the ventral striatum with left anterior insula. Decreased functional connectivity between putamen and right anterior insula was specifically associated with patients' hallucinations. Functional connectivity distinctiveness was impaired only for the putamen.ConclusionsResults indicate aberrant extra-striatal connectivity during psychosis and a relationship between reduced putamen–right anterior insula connectivity and hallucinations. Data suggest that altered intrinsic connectivity links striatal and insular pathophysiology in psychosis.

scholarly journals Resting state functional connectivity in early post-anesthesia recovery is characterized by globally reduced anticorrelations

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tommer Nir ◽  
Yael Jacob ◽  
Kuang-Han Huang ◽  
Arthur E. Schwartz ◽  
Jess W. Brallier ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Functional Connectivity ◽  
Resting State ◽  
Regions Of Interest ◽  
Resting State Networks ◽  
Resting State Functional Connectivity ◽  
Healthy Human ◽  
Healthy Older Adults ◽  
Human Volunteers ◽  
Resting State Connectivity

ABSTRACTThough a growing body of literature is addressing the possible longer-term cognitive effects of anesthetics, to date no study has delineated the normal trajectory of neural recovery due to anesthesia alone in older adults. We obtained resting state functional magnetic resonance imaging scans on 62 healthy human volunteers between ages forty and eighty before, during, and after sevoflurane (general) anesthesia, in the absence of surgery, as part of a larger study on cognitive function post-anesthesia. Resting state networks expression decreased consistently one hour after emergence from anesthesia. This corresponded to a global reduction in anticorrelated functional connectivity post-anesthesia, seen across individual regions-of-interest. Positively correlated functional connectivity remained constant across peri-anesthetic states. All measures returned to baseline 1 day later, with individual regions-of-interest essentially returning to their pre-anesthesia connectivity levels. These results define normal peri-anesthetic changes in resting state connectivity in healthy older adults.

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