scholarly journals Niche adaptation limits bacteriophage predation of Vibrio cholerae in a nutrient-poor aquatic environment

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cecilia A. Silva-Valenzuela ◽  
Andrew Camilli
Keyword(s):  
Vibrio Cholerae ◽  
Direct Evidence ◽  
Biological Entity ◽  
Aquatic Environments ◽  
Natural Setting ◽  
Aquatic Microcosms ◽  
Human Small Intestine ◽  
Niche Adaptation ◽  
Adaptation Limits ◽  
Potential Use

AbstractVibrio cholerae, the causative agent of cholera, has reservoirs in fresh and brackish water where it interacts with virulent bacteriophages. Phages are the most abundant biological entity on earth and co-evolve with bacteria. It was reported that concentrations of phage and V. cholerae inversely correlate in aquatic reservoirs and in the human small intestine, and therefore that phages may quench cholera outbreaks. Although there is strong evidence for phage predation in cholera patients, evidence is lacking for phage predation of V. cholerae in aquatic environments. Here, we used three virulent phages, ICP1, ICP2, and ICP3, commonly shed by cholera patients in Bangladesh, as models to understand the predation dynamics in microcosms simulating aquatic environments. None of the phages were capable of predation in fresh water, and only ICP1 was able to prey on V. cholerae in estuarine water due to a requirement for salt. We conclude that ICP2 and ICP3 are better adapted for predation in a nutrient rich environment. Our results point to the evolution of niche-specific predation by V. cholerae-specific virulent phages, which complicates their use in predicting or monitoring cholera outbreaks as well as their potential use in reducing aquatic reservoirs of V. cholerae in endemic areas.Significance statementVirulent phages can reduce populations of bacteria and help shape bacterial evolution. Here, we used three virulent phages to understand their equilibrium with V. cholerae in nutrient-limiting aquatic microcosms. It has been proposed that phages quench cholera outbreaks, but no direct evidence of phage predation in aquatic environments had been established. Here we show that different phages possess varied abilities to infect in certain niches or stages of the host bacterial life cycle. Unveiling the phage/bacterial interactions in their natural setting is important to the understanding of cholera outbreaks and could be ultimately used to help develop a method for outbreak prediction and/or control.

scholarly journals Niche adaptation limits bacteriophage predation of Vibrio cholerae in a nutrient-poor aquatic environment

2019 ◽  
Vol 116 (5) ◽  
pp. 1627-1632 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cecilia A. Silva-Valenzuela ◽  
Andrew Camilli
Keyword(s):  
Small Intestine ◽  
Vibrio Cholerae ◽  
Strong Evidence ◽  
Biological Entity ◽  
Aquatic Environments ◽  
Estuarine Water ◽  
Human Small Intestine ◽  
Niche Adaptation ◽  
Adaptation Limits ◽  
Potential Use

Vibrio cholerae, the causative agent of cholera, has reservoirs in fresh and brackish water where it interacts with virulent bacteriophages. Phages are the most abundant biological entity on earth and coevolve with bacteria. It was reported that concentrations of phage and V. cholerae inversely correlate in aquatic reservoirs and in the human small intestine, and therefore that phages may quench cholera outbreaks. Although there is strong evidence for phage predation in cholera patients, evidence is lacking for phage predation of V. cholerae in aquatic environments. Here, we used three virulent phages, ICP1, ICP2, and ICP3, commonly shed by cholera patients in Bangladesh, as models to understand the predation dynamics in microcosms simulating aquatic environments. None of the phages were capable of predation in fresh water, and only ICP1 was able to prey on V. cholerae in estuarine water due to a requirement for salt. We conclude that ICP2 and ICP3 are better adapted for predation in a nutrient rich environment. Our results point to the evolution of niche-specific predation by V. cholerae-specific virulent phages, which complicates their use in predicting or monitoring cholera outbreaks as well as their potential use in reducing aquatic reservoirs of V. cholerae in endemic areas.

scholarly journals Chronic otitis media following infection by non-O1/non-O139 Vibrio cholerae: A case report and review of the literature

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 186-191
Author(s):  
Sara M. Van Bonn ◽  
Sebastian P. Schraven ◽  
Tobias Schuldt ◽  
Markus M. Heimesaat ◽  
Robert Mlynski ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Differential Diagnosis ◽  
Case Report ◽  
Antibiotic Therapy ◽  
Vibrio Cholerae ◽  
Otitis Media ◽  
Chronic Otitis Media ◽  
Aquatic Environments ◽  
Review Of The Literature ◽  
Intestinal Infections

AbstractWe report a case of a chronic mesotympanic otitis media with a smelly purulent secretion from both ears and recurrent otalgia over the last five years in a six-year-old girl after swimming in the German Baltic Sea. Besides Staphylococcus aureus a non-O1/non-O139 Vibrio cholerae strain could be isolated from patient samples. An antibiotic therapy with ciprofloxacin and ceftriaxone was administered followed by atticotomy combined with tympanoplasty. We conclude that V. cholerae should not be overlooked as a differential diagnosis to otitis infections, especially when patients present with extra-intestinal infections after contact with brackish- or saltwater aquatic environments.

scholarly journals Enumerations of Vibrio cholerae in Aquatic Environments by MPN-16S rRNA Hybridization Method.

1992 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 43-46 ◽  
Author(s):  
MASAHIKO NISHIMURA ◽  
KUMIKO KITA-TSUKAMOTO ◽  
KAZUHIRO KOGURE ◽  
KOUICHI OHWADA
Keyword(s):  
16S Rrna ◽  
Vibrio Cholerae ◽  
Aquatic Environments ◽  
Hybridization Method

scholarly journals 2,3-Butanediol Synthesis and the Emergence of the Vibrio cholerae El Tor Biotype

2006 ◽  
Vol 74 (12) ◽  
pp. 6547-6556 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sang Sun Yoon ◽  
John J. Mekalanos
Keyword(s):  
Vibrio Cholerae ◽  
Diarrheal Disease ◽  
Sharp Decrease ◽  
Aquatic Environments ◽  
Environmental Niche ◽  
Medium Ph ◽  
Toxigenic Strains ◽  
El Tor ◽  
By Products ◽  
Evolutionary Fitness

ABSTRACT Vibrio cholerae is an aquatic bacterium that causes the severe diarrheal disease cholera. V. cholerae strains of the O1 serogroup exist as two biotypes, classical and El Tor. Toxigenic strains of the El Tor biotype emerged to cause the seventh pandemic of cholera in 1961 and subsequently displaced strains of the classical biotype both in the environment and as a cause of cholera within a decade. The factors that drove emergence of the El Tor biotype and the displacement of the classical biotype are unknown. Here, we show a unique difference in carbohydrate metabolism between these two biotypes. When grown with added carbohydrates, classical biotype strains generated a sharp decrease in medium pH, resulting in loss of viability. However, growth of El Tor biotype strain N16961 was enhanced due to its ability to produce 2,3-butanediol, a neutral fermentation end product, and suppress the accumulation of organic acids. An N16961 mutant (SSY01) defective in 2,3-butanediol synthesis showed the same defect in growth that classical biotype strains show in media rich in carbohydrates. Importantly, the SSY01 mutant was attenuated in its ability to colonize the intestines of infant mice, suggesting that host carbohydrates may be available to V. cholerae within the intestinal environment. Similarly, the SSY01 mutant failed to develop biofilms when utilizing N-acetyl-d-glucosamine as a carbon source. Because growth on N-acetyl-d-glucosamine likely reflects the ability of a strain to grow on chitin in certain aquatic environments, we conclude that the strains of classical biotype are likely defective compared to those of El Tor in growth in any environmental niche that is rich in chitin and/or other metabolizable carbohydrates. We propose that the ability to metabolize sugars without production of acid by-products might account for the improved evolutionary fitness of the V. cholerae El Tor biotype compared to that of the classical biotype both as a global cause of cholera and as an environmental organism.

scholarly journals Experimental evolution of Vibrio cholerae: Identification of genes involved in motility in presence of polymyxin B

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sean Giacomucci ◽  
Antony T Vincent ◽  
Marylise Duperthuy
Keyword(s):  
Vibrio Cholerae ◽  
Experimental Evolution ◽  
Biofilm Formation ◽  
Polymyxin B ◽  
Aquatic Environments ◽  
Environmental Survival ◽  
Human Colonization ◽  
Potential Impact

Vibrio cholerae is the bacteria responsible for the cholera disease and a natural inhabitant of aquatic environments. Biofilm formation is important for human colonization and environmental survival. Motility is essential for adhesion and biofilm formation by V. cholerae. In a previous study, we showed that motility and biofilm formation are altered in the presence of sub-inhibitory concentrations of polymyxin B in V. cholerae. In this study, we performed an experimental evolution to identify genes rescuing the motility in the presence of polymyxin B. Mutations in 5 genes have been identified: ihfA, vacJ (mlaA), mlaF, dacB and ccmH. The details of these mutations, their potential impact on the function of the proteins they encode and on the motility in presence of polymyxin B are discussed.

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