scholarly journals Mapping changes in the spatiotemporal distribution of lumpy skin disease virus

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Machado ◽  
F. Korennoy ◽  
J. Alvarez ◽  
C. Picasso-Risso ◽  
A. Perez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Disease Virus ◽  
Skin Disease ◽  
Spatiotemporal Distribution ◽  
Rapid Expansion ◽  
Disease Spread ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Lumpy Skin Disease ◽  
Lumpy Skin Disease Virus ◽  
Increased Risk

SummaryLumpy skin disease virus (LSDV) is an infectious disease of cattle transmitted by arthropod vectors which results in substantial economic losses due to impact on production efficiency and profitability, and represents an emerging threat to international trade of livestock products and live animals. Since 2015, the disease has spread across many Eastern European countries as well as Russia and Kazakhstan. This rapid expansion highlights the emergent nature of the virus in more temperate regions than those in which LSDV traditionally occurred. The goal of this study was to assess the risk for further LSDV spread in Eurasia through a) analysis of environmental factors conducive for LSDV and b) estimate of the underlying LSDV risk using a fine spatiotemporally explicit Bayesian hierarchical model on LSDV outbreak occurrence information. We used ecological niche modeling to estimate the potential distribution of LSDV outbreaks for 2014-2016. This analysis resulted in a spatial representation of environmental limits where, if introduced, LSDV is expected to efficiently spread. The Bayesian space-time model incorporated both environmental factors and the changing spatiotemporal distribution of the disease to capture the dynamics of disease spread and predict areas in which there is an increased risk of LSDV occurrence. Variables related to the average temperature, precipitation, wind speed, as well as land cover and host densities were found to be important drivers explaining the observed distribution of LSDV in both modeling approaches. Areas of elevated LSDV risks were identified mainly in Russia, Turkey, Serbia, and Bulgaria. Results suggest that prevailing ecological conditions may be compatible with further spread of LSDV in Eurasia, though models should be continually updated to reflect the current epidemiologic conditions. The results presented here advance our understanding of the ecological requirements of LSDV in temperate regions and may help in the design and implementation of prevention and surveillance strategies in the region.

scholarly journals Mapping changes in the spatiotemporal distribution of lumpy skin disease virus

2019 ◽  
Vol 66 (5) ◽  
pp. 2045-2057 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gustavo Machado ◽  
Fedor Korennoy ◽  
Julio Alvarez ◽  
Catalina Picasso‐Risso ◽  
Andres Perez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Disease Virus ◽  
Skin Disease ◽  
Spatiotemporal Distribution ◽  
Lumpy Skin Disease ◽  
Lumpy Skin Disease Virus

scholarly journals The spatiotemporal distribution of lumpy skin disease virus

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gustavo Machado ◽  
Fedor Korennoy ◽  
Julio Alvarez ◽  
Catalina Picasso Risso ◽  
Andres Perez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Disease Virus ◽  
Skin Disease ◽  
Spatiotemporal Distribution ◽  
Lumpy Skin Disease ◽  
Lumpy Skin Disease Virus

scholarly journals Morphological Characteristics of Skin Lesions in Cattle Naturally Infected with Lumpy Skin Disease Virus in Serbia

2019 ◽  
Vol 69 (4) ◽  
pp. 369-378
Author(s):  
Nikola Vasković ◽  
Zoran Debeljak ◽  
Dejan Vidanović ◽  
Milanko Šekler ◽  
Kazimir Matović ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Epithelial Cells ◽  
Disease Virus ◽  
Skin Disease ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Skin Lesions ◽  
Follicle Cells ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Cutaneous Lesions ◽  
Lumpy Skin Disease ◽  
Lumpy Skin Disease Virus

Abstract Lumpy skin disease (LSD) is a disease of cattle and domestic buffaloes caused by Capripoxvirus which can lead to significant economic losses. Until several years ago it was limited to Africa and the Middle East, but recently it was reported in Turkey (2013), Greece (2015), and in 2016 it spread to Bulgaria, North Macedonia, Albania, Montenegro and Serbia. The aim of this study was to determine the microscopic lesions in the skin of naturally infected animals, highlight their features and compare them to the findings of other authors. Gross lesions in the skin of cattle infected with Lumpy skin disease virus (LSDV) were manifested in the form of skin nodules which were round, raised, clearly circumscribed, firm and randomly distributed in the whole skin including the vulva and udder. Histopathological lesions included degeneration of epithelial cells, hyperkeratosis, spongiosis, and acanthosis present in 85.88%, 81.18%, 84.71%, and 80.0% of samples, respectively. Intracytoplasmic inclusion bodies were noted in keratinocytes of the stratum spinosum in 56.47% of samples, and in hair follicle cells and sebaceous glands epithelial cells in 45.88% of samples. Cutaneous lesions were in the form of inflammatory infiltrate present in the dermis and subcutis in 97.65% of samples. Since there are only a few literature data in this field, this study expands the knowledge relating to morphological alterations in LSD. Based on the characteristic microscopic lesions described in the present study, histopathology should be considered as a very useful method for the diagnosis of LSD.

scholarly journals Comparative Evaluation of Lumpy Skin Disease Virus-Based Live Attenuated Vaccines

Vaccines ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 473
Author(s):  
Andy Haegeman ◽  
Ilse De Leeuw ◽  
Laurent Mostin ◽  
Willem Van Campe ◽  
Laetitia Aerts ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Disease Virus ◽  
Skin Disease ◽  
Vaccination Campaign ◽  
Ease Of Use ◽  
Vaccine Failure ◽  
Lumpy Skin Disease ◽  
Lumpy Skin Disease Virus ◽  
The Balkans ◽  
The Past ◽  
Preventative Strategy

Vaccines form the cornerstone of any control, eradication and preventative strategy and this is no different for lumpy skin disease. However, the usefulness of a vaccine is determined by a multiplicity of factors which include stability, efficiency, safety and ease of use, to name a few. Although the vaccination campaign in the Balkans against lumpy skin disease virus (LSDV) was successful and has been implemented with success in the past in other countries, data of vaccine failure have also been reported. It was therefore the purpose of this study to compare five homologous live attenuated LSDV vaccines (LSDV LAV) in a standardized setting. All five LSDV LAVs studied were able to protect against a challenge with virulent LSDV. Aside from small differences in serological responses, important differences were seen in side effects such as a local reaction and a Neethling response upon vaccination between the analyzed vaccines. These observations can have important implications in the applicability in the field for some of these LSDV LAVs.

scholarly journals Production of small ruminant morbillivirus, rift valley fever virus and lumpy skin disease virus in CelCradle™ -500A bioreactors

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Halima Rhazi ◽  
Najete Safini ◽  
Karima Mikou ◽  
Meryeme Alhyane ◽  
Khalid Omari Tadlaoui ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Disease Virus ◽  
Skin Disease ◽  
Rift Valley ◽  
Rift Valley Fever ◽  
Rift Valley Fever Virus ◽  
Fever Virus ◽  
Valley Fever ◽  
Lumpy Skin Disease ◽  
Lumpy Skin Disease Virus ◽  
Cell Factories

Abstract Background Animal vaccination is an important way to stop the spread of diseases causing immense damage to livestock and economic losses and the potential transmission to humans. Therefore effective method for vaccine production using simple and inexpensive bioprocessing solutions is very essential. Conventional culture systems currently in use, tend to be uneconomic in terms of labor and time involved. Besides, they offer a limited surface area for growth of cells. In this study, the CelCradle™-500A was evaluated as an alternative to replace conventional culture systems in use such as Cell factories for the production of viral vaccines against small ruminant morbillivirus (PPR), rift valley fever virus (RVF) and lumpy skin disease virus (LSD). Results Two types of cells Vero and primary Lamb Testis cells were used to produce these viruses. The study was done in 2 phases as a) optimization of cell growth and b) virus cultivation. Vero cells could be grown to significantly higher cell densities of 3.04 × 109 using the CelCradle™-500A with a shorter doubling time as compared to 9.45 × 108 cells in Cell factories. This represents a 19 fold increase in cell numbers as compared to seeding vs only 3.7 fold in Cell factories. LT cells achieved modestly higher cell densities of 6.7 × 108 as compared to 6.3 × 108 in Cell factories. The fold change in densities for these cells was 3 fold in the CelCradle™-500A vs 2.5 fold in Cell factories. The titers in the conventional system and the bioreactor were not significantly different. However, the Cell-specific virus yield for rift valley fever virus and lumpy skin disease virus are higher (25 virions/cell for rift valley fever virus, and 21.9 virions/cell for lumpy skin disease virus versus 19.9 virions/cell for rift valley fever virus and 10 virions/cell for lumpy skin disease virus). Conclusions This work represents a novel study for primary lamb testis cell culture in CellCradle™-500A bioreactors. In addition, on account of the high cell densities obtained and the linear scalability the titers could be further optimized using other culture process such us perfusion.

Molecular characterization of lumpy skin disease virus in Iran (2014–2018)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zeinab Hedayati ◽  
Hamid Reza Varshovi ◽  
Ali Mohammadi ◽  
Mohammad Tabatabaei
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Characterization ◽  
Disease Virus ◽  
Skin Disease ◽  
Lumpy Skin Disease ◽  
Lumpy Skin Disease Virus

scholarly journals Cutaneous lymphoma in a cow - a case report

2019 ◽  
Vol 73 (1) ◽  
pp. 50-56
Author(s):  
Branislav Kureljusic ◽  
Slobodan Maksimovic ◽  
Slobodan Vujinovic ◽  
Bozidar Savic ◽  
Vesna Milicevic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Disease Virus ◽  
Skin Disease ◽  
Mononuclear Cells ◽  
Subcutaneous Tissue ◽  
Leukemia Virus ◽  
Surgical Excision ◽  
Cutaneous Lymphoma ◽  
Histopathological Analysis ◽  
Lumpy Skin Disease ◽  
Lumpy Skin Disease Virus

In this paper the case of a 2.5-year-old Simmental cow, with suspicion of lumpy skin disease in mid-2017 in Serbia will be presented. Clinical examination revealed numerous nodules of varied size from a few millimeters to approximately 10 centimeters disseminated predominantly on the skin of the udder and the perineum, some of which were coalescing and exulcerated. The general condition of the affected animal was unchanged. According to the results of laboratory analysis, the cow was negative for the presence of antibodies against the bovine leukemia virus, showed a negative reaction in tuberculinization and was vaccinated against lumpy skin disease virus. After the surgical excision of one skin node, the sample tested negative for the genome of lumpy skin disease virus. In order to establish the morphology of the skin lesion, a histopathological analysis was performed. Histopathological analysis showed the infiltration of the corium and subcutaneous tissue by numerous mononuclear cells showing cellular atypia. Suspicion of cutaneous lymphoma was established. Furthermore, the immunohistochemical examination confirmed that the infiltrate contained exclusively CD3-immunopositive cells, suggesting a T-cell origin nonepitheliotropic lymphoma.

scholarly journals Retention of Lumpy Skin Disease Virus in Stomoxys Spp (Stomoxys Calsitrans, Stomoxys Sitiens, Stomoxys Indica) following intrathoracic inoculation, Diptera: Muscidae

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arman Issimov ◽  
Lespek Kutumbetov ◽  
Assylbek Zhanabayev ◽  
Nurlybay Kazhgaliyev ◽  
Birzhan Nurgaliyev ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Disease Virus ◽  
Skin Disease ◽  
Virus Isolation ◽  
Emerging Disease ◽  
Lumpy Skin Disease ◽  
Lumpy Skin Disease Virus ◽  
Laboratory Conditions ◽  
Means Of Transmission ◽  
Intrathoracic Inoculation

AbstractLumpy skin disease (LSD) is an emerging disease in cattle in Kazakhstan and the means of transmission remains uncertain. In the current study, acquisition of Lumpy Skin Disease Virus (LSDV) by Stomoxys species following intrathoracic inoculation was demonstrated under laboratory conditions. Flies were injected with a virulent LSDV strain into the thorax region to bypass the midgut barrier. The fate of pathogen in the hemolymph of the flies was further examined using PCR and Virus isolation tests. LSDV was isolated from all three Stomoxys species immediately and up to 24h post intrathoracic inoculation while virus DNA was detectable up to 7d post intrathoracic inoculation.

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