scholarly journals Network analysis to evaluate the impact of research funding on research community consolidation

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel J. Hicks ◽  
David Coil ◽  
Carl G. Stahmer ◽  
Jonathan A. Eisen
Keyword(s):  
Network Analysis ◽  
Research Funding ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Research Community ◽  
Collaboration Networks ◽  
Sloan Foundation ◽  
Funding Programs ◽  
Community Of Researchers ◽  
New Research ◽  
The Impact

AbstractIn 2004, the Alfred P. Sloan Foundation launched a new program focused on incubating a new field, “Microbiology of the Built Environment” (MoBE). By the end of 2017, the program had supported the publication of hundreds of scholarly works, but it was unclear to what extent it had stimulated the development of a new research community. We identified 307 works funded by the MoBE program, as well as a comparison set of 698 authors who published in the same journals during the same period of time but were not part of the Sloan Foundation-funded collaboration. Our analysis of collaboration networks for both groups of authors suggests that the Sloan Foundation’s program resulted in a more consolidated community of researchers, specifically in terms of number of components, diameter, density, and transitivity of the coauthor networks. In addition to highlighting the success of this particular program, our method could be applied to other fields to examine the impact of funding programs and other large-scale initiatives on the formation of research communities.

scholarly journals Network analysis to evaluate the impact of research funding on research community consolidation

PLoS ONE ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (6) ◽  
pp. e0218273 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel J. Hicks ◽  
David A. Coil ◽  
Carl G. Stahmer ◽  
Jonathan A. Eisen
Keyword(s):  
Network Analysis ◽  
Research Funding ◽  
Research Community ◽  
The Impact

scholarly journals Visibility network analysis of large-scale intermittency in convective surface layer turbulence

2021 ◽  
Vol 925 ◽  
Author(s):  
Subharthi Chowdhuri ◽  
Giovanni Iacobello ◽  
Tirtha Banerjee
Keyword(s):  
Surface Layer ◽  
Network Analysis ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Temporal Structure ◽  
Nonlinear Effects ◽  
Surrogate Data ◽  
Statistical Characteristics ◽  
Layer Flow ◽  
Non Gaussian ◽  
New Research

Large-scale intermittency is a widely observed phenomenon in convective surface layer turbulence that induces non-Gaussian temperature statistics, while such a signature is not observed for velocity signals. Although approaches based on probability density functions have been used so far, those are not able to explain to what extent the signals’ temporal structure impacts the statistical characteristics of the velocity and temperature fluctuations. To tackle this issue, a visibility network analysis is carried out on a field-experimental dataset from a convective atmospheric surface layer flow. Through surrogate data and network-based measures, we demonstrate that the temperature intermittency is related to strong nonlinear dependencies in the temperature signals. Conversely, a competition between linear and nonlinear effects tends to inhibit the temperature-like intermittency behaviour in streamwise and vertical velocities. Based on present findings, new research avenues are likely to be opened up in studying large-scale intermittency in convective turbulence.

scholarly journals Charlotte Froese Fischer—Her Work and Her Impact

Atoms ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 107
Author(s):  
Alan Hibbert
Keyword(s):  
Atomic Structure ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Computer Programs ◽  
Research Community ◽  
Structure Theory ◽  
90Th Birthday ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Insight Into

Charlotte Froese Fischer has been at the forefront of research in atomic structure theory for over 60 years. She has developed many of the methods currently used by researchers and has written associated computer programs which have been published and hence made accessible to the research community. Throughout her career, she has consistently encouraged and mentored young scientists, enabling them to embark on independent careers of their own. This article provides an overview of the methods and codes she has developed, some large-scale calculations she has undertaken, and some insight into the impact she has had on young scientists, and the leadership she continues to show as she reaches her 90th birthday.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Funding Gastroenterology Research in Canada Illustrates the Beneficial Role of Partnerships

2013 ◽  
Vol 27 (12) ◽  
pp. 717-720 ◽  
Author(s):  
Philip M Sherman ◽  
Kimberly Banks Hart ◽  
Keeley Rose ◽  
Kwadwo Bosompra ◽  
Christopher Manuel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Health Research ◽  
Research Funding ◽  
Research Capacity ◽  
Canadian Association ◽  
Funding Program ◽  
Funding Programs ◽  
Funding Support ◽  
The Impact

BACKGROUND: Funders of health research in Canada seek to determine how their funding programs impact research capacity and knowledge creation.OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the impact of a focused grants and award program that was cofunded by the Canadian Institutes of Health Research Institute of Nutrition, Metabolism and Diabetes, and the Canadian Association of Gastroenterology; and to measure the impact of the Program on the career paths of funded researchers and assess the outcomes of research supported through the Program.METHODS: A survey of the recipients of grants and awards from 2000 to 2008 was conducted in 2012. The CIHR Funding Decisions database was searched to determine subsequent funding; a bibliometric citation analysis of publications arising from the Program was performed.RESULTS: Of 160 grant and award recipients, 147 (92%) completed the survey. With >$17.4 million in research funding, support was provided for 131 fellowship awards, seven career transition awards, and 22 operating grants. More than three-quarters of grant and award recipients continue to work or train in a research-related position. Combined research outputs included 545 research articles, 130 review articles, 33 book chapters and 11 patents. Comparative analyses indicate that publications supported by the funding program had a greater impact than other Canadian and international comparators.CONCLUSIONS: Continuity in support of a long-term health research funding partnership strengthened the career development of gastroenterology researchers in Canada, and enhanced the creation and dissemination of new knowledge in the discipline.

scholarly journals Trust in the research community predicts intent to comply with COVID-19 prevention measures: An analysis of a large-scale international survey dataset

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hyemin Han
Keyword(s):  
Network Analysis ◽  
Generalized Linear Model ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Preventive Measures ◽  
Scientific Research ◽  
Research Community ◽  
Data Driven ◽  
Prevention Measures ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Bayesian Generalized Linear Model

In the present study, I explored the relationship between people's trust in different agents related to prevention of spread of COVID-19 and their compliance with pharmaceutical and non-pharmaceutical preventive measures. The COVIDiSTRESSII Global Survey dataset, which was collected from international samples, was analysed to examine the aforementioned relationship across different countries. For data-driven exploration, network analysis and Bayesian generalized linear model (GLM) analysis were performed. The result from network analysis demonstrated that trust in the scientific research community was most central in the network of trust and compliance. In addition, the outcome from Bayesian GLM analysis indicated that the same factor, trust in the scientific research community, was most fundamental in predicting participants' intent to comply with both pharmaceutical and non-pharmaceutical preventive measures. I briefly discussed the implications of the findings, the importance of trust in the scientific research community in explaining people's compliance with measure to prevent spread of COVID-19.

scholarly journals A new approach for estimating research impact: An application to French cancer research

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (4) ◽  
pp. 1586-1600
Author(s):  
Gérard Chevalier ◽  
Christine Chomienne ◽  
Nicolas Guetta Jeanrenaud ◽  
Julia Lane ◽  
Matthew Ross
Keyword(s):  
Cancer Research ◽  
Research Funding ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Research Impact ◽  
Scientific Output ◽  
Research Community ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Data Infrastructure ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Illustrative Application

Much attention has been paid to estimating the impact of investments in scientific research. Historically, those efforts have been largely ad hoc, burdensome, and error prone. In addition, the focus has been largely mechanical—drawing a direct line between funding and outputs—rather than focusing on the scientists that do the work. Here, we provide an illustrative application of a new approach that examines the impact of research funding on individuals and their scientific output in terms of publications, citations, collaborations, and international activity, controlling for both observed and unobserved factors. We argue that full engagement between scientific funders and the research community is needed if we are to expand the data infrastructure to enable a more scientific assessment of scientific investments.

scholarly journals Effects of large-scale research funding programs: a Japanese case study

2012 ◽  
Vol 94 (3) ◽  
pp. 1253-1273 ◽  
Author(s):  
Takanori Ida ◽  
Naomi Fukuzawa
Keyword(s):  
Research Funding ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Japanese Case ◽  
Funding Programs

Compelling Vansina: Contributions to Early African History

2018 ◽  
Vol 45 ◽  
pp. 161-173
Author(s):  
Kathryn M. de Luna
Keyword(s):  
Social Interactions ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
African History ◽  
Narrative Style ◽  
Historical Significance ◽  
Historical Processes ◽  
New Research ◽  
Short Essay ◽  
The Impact

Abstract:This short essay explores Jan Vansina’s contributions to the study of Africa’s early pasts. In particular, it explores the impact of sustained ethnographic fieldwork on Vansina’s narrative style, which often imagined for deeper pasts the sorts of small-scale social interactions definitive of most experiences of fieldwork. This narrative style produced a tension between Vansina’s interest in large-scale institutions and historical processes and the smaller-scale social interactions sustaining them, offering us new research topics. Attention to the historical significance of the sorts of intimate interactions imagined by Vansina requires new approaches to the variety of archives he compelled us to consider in the pages of this journal.

scholarly journals Distinct Modes of Ongoing Antigen Interactions Shape Intraclonal Dynamics in Splenic Marginal Zone Lymphoma

Blood ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 138 (Supplement 1) ◽  
pp. 1330-1330
Author(s):  
Laura Zaragoza-Infante ◽  
Andreas Agathangelidis ◽  
Valentin Junet ◽  
Nikos Pechlivanis ◽  
Triantafylia Koletsa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Throughput ◽  
Research Funding ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Marginal Zone ◽  
Marginal Zone Lymphoma ◽  
The Other ◽  
Splenic Marginal Zone Lymphoma ◽  
Gene Repertoire ◽  
Graph Metrics ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Almost one-third of all splenic marginal zone lymphoma (SMZL) cases express B cell receptor immunoglobulin (BcR IG) encoded by the IGHV1-2*04 gene. Such cases display a distinctive profile of genomic aberrations (e.g. higher incidence of NOTCH2 and KLF2 mutations) and a more aggressive clinical course compared to SMZL cases utilizing other IGHV genes. Such skewing of the BcR IG gene repertoire implicates antigen selection in SMZL ontogeny. Although the supportive evidence is compelling, it mostly derives from low-throughput approaches, which are inherently limited in their capacity to capture the complexity of the BcR IG gene repertoire. This hinders the comprehensive assessment of the subclonal architecture of SMZL that could offer insight into the dynamics of antigen-IG interactions. Here, we sought to overcome this limitation through a high-throughput immunogenetic investigation of SMZL, focusing on the detailed characterization of somatic hypermutation (SHM) and intraclonal diversification (ID) profiles. Our study included 22 cases utilizing the IGHV1-2*04 gene and 36 cases utilizing other IGHV genes. IGHV-IGHD-IGHJ (IGH) gene rearrangements were PCR-amplified and libraries were sequenced on the Illumina MiSeq platform. Data was analyzed with the IMGT/HighV-QUEST and TRIP software as well as a novel bioinformatics/biostatistics pipeline. Clonotypes were defined as unique combinations of a given IGHV gene+VH CDR3 amino acid (aa) sequence. Only IGH gene rearrangement sequences assigned to the dominant clonotypes of each case were assessed. In detail, all nucleotide variants (nt vars, i.e. all sequences clustered in the same dominant clonotype yet displaying distinct SHM profiles) were identified and further analyzed. Starting from the most abundant nt var, a network was built representing its connections with all other nt vars. For this analysis, we introduce the terms 'most relevant pathway' (MRP) corresponding to the pathway including connected nt vars with the highest total number of IGH sequences; and 'longest mutational pathways' (LMP) corresponding to the pathways with the highest number of nt vars (Fig. 1). Different graph metrics assessed the impact of ID in different SMZL subgroups: the first one focuses on the 'most relevant pathway' and quantifies SHM convergence [ratio of the total number of IGH sequences corresponding to the nt vars of this pathway to the number of IGH sequences in the most abundant nt var]; while the second refers to the length of the 'longest mutational pathways'. Cases lacking additional connected nt vars [length of the LMP=1; 3 IGHV1-2*04 cases and 4 non-IGHV1-2*04 cases] were excluded. Consequently, the analysis included 19 IGHV1-2*04 cases and 32 non-IGHV1-2*04 cases. Significant differences were noted in the SHM and ID profiles between groups; the IGHV1-2*04 group had significantly (p<0.01) higher convergence values ranging from 0.009 to 1.243 (median: 0.102), as opposed to the non-IGHV1-2*04 group (range: 0.002-1.13, median: 0.014), overall suggesting that stronger selective pressures act in SMZL cases expressing the IGHV1-2*04 versus others. Moreover, IGHV1-2*04 cases displayed significantly (p<0.01) longer mutational pathways (length range: 2-6, median: 3) compared to the other group (range: 2-5, median: 2), alluding to more pronounced ID arising due to ongoing SHM. Finally, all mutations leading to aa changes were analyzed in the context of ID networks. More recurrent aa mutations were identified amongst cases with higher levels of convergence. For instance, the VH FR2 M39I change, one of the most prominent recurrent SHMs in the IGHV1-2*04 group, was found in the most abundant nt var in 13/19 IGHV1-2*04 cases, while it was identified in nt vars with extra mutations in another 3 cases. Of interest, it was present at the end of the mutational pathways in these 16 cases, whilst in the other group it was present only in one case using the IGHV1-2*02 gene, and absent in the rest (p<0.01). In conclusion, in the first large-scale high-throughput immunogenetic analysis of SMZL we provide strong evidence for more pronounced antigenic pressure in cases utilizing IGHV1-2*04 versus other IGHV genes. Our findings highlight a unique subclonal architecture for IGHV1-2*04 SMZL and corroborate the hypothesis that this group may represent a distinct molecular variant of SMZL. Figure 1 Figure 1. Disclosures Rossi: Abbvie: Honoraria, Research Funding; Janssen: Honoraria, Research Funding; AstraZeneca: Honoraria, Research Funding; Gilead: Honoraria, Research Funding; Verastem: Honoraria, Research Funding; Roche: Honoraria, Research Funding; Cellestia: Honoraria, Research Funding. Chatzidimitriou: Janssen: Honoraria, Research Funding; Abbvie: Honoraria, Research Funding. Stamatopoulos: Janssen: Honoraria, Research Funding; Gilead: Honoraria, Research Funding; Abbvie: Honoraria, Research Funding; AstraZeneca: Honoraria, Research Funding.

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