scholarly journals Poor seed quality, reduced germination, and decreased seedling vigor in soybean is linked to exposure of the maternal lines to drought stress

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chathurika Wijewardana ◽  
K. Raja Reddy ◽  
L. Jason Krutz ◽  
Wei Gao ◽  
Nacer Bellaloui
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Drought Stress ◽  
Seed Germination ◽  
Seed Quality ◽  
Germination Rate ◽  
Moisture Stress ◽  
Seedling Vigor ◽  
Soil Moisture Stress ◽  
Effects Of Drought ◽  
F1 Generation

AbstractEffects of environmental stressors on the parent may be transmitted to the F1 generation of plants that support global food, oil, and energy production for humans and animals. This study was conducted to determine if the effects of drought stress on parental soybean plants are transmitted to the F1 generation. The germination and seedling vigor of F1 soybean whose maternal parents, Asgrow AG5332 and Progeny P5333RY, were exposed to soil moisture stress, that is, 100, 80, 60, 40, and 20% replacement of evapotranspiration (ET) during reproductive growth, were evaluated under controlled conditions. Pooled over cultivars, effects of soil moisture stress on the parents caused a reduction in the seed germination rate, maximum seed germination, and overall seedling performance in the F1 generation. The effect of soil moisture stress on the parent induced an irreversible change in the seed quality in the F1 generation and the effects on seed quality in the F1 generation were exasperated when exposed to increasing levels of drought stress. Results indicate that seed weight and storage reserve are key factors influencing germination traits and seedling growth. Our data confirm that the effects of drought stress on soybean are transferable, causing reduced germination, seedling vigor, and seed quality in the F1 generation.

Seed Germination and Physiological Characteristics of Amaranthus mangostanus L. under Drought Stress

2011 ◽  
Vol 183-185 ◽  
pp. 1071-1074
Author(s):  
Yong Dong Sun ◽  
Xiao Hua Du ◽  
Wen Jie Zhang ◽  
Li Sun ◽  
Ran Li
Keyword(s):  
Drought Stress ◽  
Seed Germination ◽  
Germination Rate ◽  
Proline Content ◽  
Shoot Length ◽  
Physiological Characteristics ◽  
Sod Activity ◽  
Peg 6000 ◽  
Mda Content ◽  
Effects Of Drought

Effects of drought stress on the seed germination and physiological characteristics of amaranth were investigated. The results were as follows: the germination rate and germination potential of amaranth decreased with the increasing of PEG-6000 concentrations. Meanwhile, the root length, shoot length and peroxidase (POD) activity were significantly increased at lower PEG-6000 concentrations, but then decreased with the increasing of PEG-6000. Malondialdehyde (MDA) content, proline content and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity were all significantly increased under drought stress, and reached the top at 20% PEG-6000. These findings indicated that amaranth tolerates drought stress through increasing the activities of SOD and POD and accumulating proline content.

scholarly journals Amaranthus retroflexus L. (Redroot Pigweed): Effects of Elevated CO2 and Soil Moisture on Growth and Biomass and the Effect of Radiant Heat on Seed Germination

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 728
Author(s):  
Sandra Weller ◽  
Singarayer Florentine ◽  
Muhammad Mansoor Javaid ◽  
Amali Welgama ◽  
Aakansha Chadha ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Seed Germination ◽  
Elevated Co2 ◽  
Elevated Temperatures ◽  
Germination Rate ◽  
Biomass Productivity ◽  
Moisture Stress ◽  
Amaranthus Retroflexus ◽  
Future Climate Change ◽  
Redroot Pigweed

Amaranthus retroflexus L. (Amaranthaceae), Redroot pigweed, is native to North America, but has become a weed of agriculture worldwide. Previous research into competition with food crops found it significantly reduces yields. Additionally, taxonomy, biomass allocation, physiological responses to light intensity, water stress, elevated CO2, and herbicide resistance have been investigated. To extend other research findings, we investigated growth and biomass yield in response to (i) soil moisture stress, and (ii) drought and elevated CO2. Additionally, we investigated seed germination rates following exposure to three elevated temperatures for two different time periods. Overall, moisture stress reduced plant height, stem diameter, and number of leaves. Elevated CO2 (700 ppm) appeared to reduce negative impacts of drought on biomass productivity. Heating seeds at 120 °C and above for either 180 or 300 s significantly reduced germination rate. These results inform an understanding of potential responses of A. retroflexus to future climate change and will be used to predict future occurrence of this weed. The finding that exposing seeds to high temperatures retards germination suggests fire could be used to prevent seed germination from soil seed banks, particularly in no-till situations, and therefore may be used to address infestations or prevent further spread of this weed.

scholarly journals Effects of Exogenous Calcium on Datura Seed Germination under Drought Stress

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yongji Wang
Keyword(s):  
Drought Stress ◽  
Seed Germination ◽  
Germination Rate ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Control Group ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Moisture Condition ◽  
Moderate Drought ◽  
Exogenous Calcium ◽  
Effects Of Drought

With polyethylene glycol (PEG-6000), of 0% (CK), 5%, 10%, 15%, 25% used to simulate drought stress, and CaCl2 concentration 0 (CK), of 15, 20, 25 and 30mmol/L as ion gradient of exogenous calcium, the effects of drought, exogenous calcium and the interaction between the two on the Datura seed germination, so as to explore the optimal application amount of exogenous calcium to ease the suppression of drought stress on Datura seed germination. The results showed that the germination rate, germination potential and germination index of the Datura seeds were significantly lower than those of the control group. Under the normal moisture condition, exogenous calcium of moderate and low concentration had no significant effect on the Datura seed germination, while that of high concentration showed an inhibitory effect on the seed germination. Under drought stress, with the increasing concentration of exogenous calcium, the three indicators of Datura seeds showed a trend of increasing first and then decreasing. When the exogenous calcium had the concentration of 20 mmol/L, all the indicators of seed germination reached the maximum value, while showed a downward trend when exogenous calcium concentration was 25-30 mmol/L, and even increasingly sharp with drought intensifying. Therefore, in the production and utilization of Datura, 20 mmol/L of exogenous calcium can be used to soak seeds before sowing to improve the emergence rate under low and moderate drought conditions.

Evaluation of soil moisture stress parameterizations in MEGAN model against MOFLUX field data and satellite observations of formaldehyde from OMI 

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Beata Opacka ◽  
Trissevgeni Stavrakou ◽  
Jean-François Müller ◽  
Maite Bauwens ◽  
Diego Miralles ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Drought Stress ◽  
Transport Model ◽  
Moisture Stress ◽  
Atmospheric Composition ◽  
Severe Drought ◽  
Summer Drought ◽  
Soil Moisture Stress ◽  
Community Land Model ◽  
Flux Measurements

<p>Biogenic volatile organic compounds (BVOCs) are emitted globally at about 1,100 Tg per year, with almost half of the share entailed by isoprene. Isoprene is highly reactive in the atmosphere, and its degradation impacts the atmospheric composition through the generation of ozone (in presence of NOx typical of polluted areas) and secondary organic aerosols, which both pose a risk to human health. Extreme weather conditions like heatwaves and droughts can substantially affect the emissions of isoprene in ways that are largely unknown. This limited knowledge is owed to the scarcity of isoprene flux measurements under drought stress conditions. The Missouri Ozarks AmeriFlux (MOFLUX) site is located in a high isoprene-emitting oak-hickory forested region with recurring drought occurrences. Until today, it is the only site with isoprene flux measurements that capture drought behaviour.</p><p>In this study, we use the state-of-the-art MEGAN biogenic emission model (Guenther et al., 2006; 2012) coupled with the canopy model MOHYCAN (Müller et al., 2008) to estimate isoprene emissions and evaluate two different parameterizations of the soil moisture stress factor (γ<sub>SM</sub>): (a) the one used in MEGANv2.1, which consists of a simple dependence on soil water content and the permanent wilting point with inputs either from ERA-Interim or the GLEAMv3 reanalysis (Martens et al., 2017), and (b) the parameterization available in MEGANv3 (Jiang et al., 2018), which considers the physiological effects of drought stress on plant photosynthesis as defined in the Community Land Model (CLM4.5), which embeds the MEGAN model.  The effect of γ<sub>SM</sub> on isoprene estimates is assessed against measurements of isoprene fluxes at the MOFLUX field site collected during the mild summer drought in 2011 (Potosnak et al., 2014) and the severe drought in 2012 (Seco et al., 2015). Based on the comparisons at the MOFLUX site, we perform an optimization of the empirical parameters of the MEGANv2.1 soil moisture stress parameterization. In addition, the parameterization is further evaluated using spaceborne formaldehyde (HCHO) columns observed by the OMI sounder. To this end, we perform multiyear simulations (2005-2016) of atmospheric composition with the IMAGES global chemistry-transport model (Müller et al., 2019) using isoprene emission datasets obtained for several variants of the parameterization. We evaluate the resulting HCHO column distributions and their interannual variability against OMI HCHO columns over drought-prone regions.</p><p>This work is conducted in the frame of the ALBERI project, funded by the Belgian Science Policy Office through the STEREO III programme.</p>

scholarly journals Drought Stresses on Seed Germination and Early Growth of Maize and Sorghum

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 310 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mariana S. Queiroz ◽  
Carlos E. S. Oliveira ◽  
Fábio Steiner ◽  
Alan M. Zuffo ◽  
Tiago Zoz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drought Stress ◽  
Seed Germination ◽  
Osmotic Potential ◽  
Germination Rate ◽  
Early Growth ◽  
Root Shoot Ratio ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Root And Shoot Length ◽  
Early Seedling ◽  
Effects Of Drought

Seeds of maize (Zea mays L.) and sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench.] were submitted to different osmotic potential levels induced by polyethylene glycol (PEG) with the objective of evaluating the effects of drought stress on seed germination and early seedling growth. Seeds were arranged in paper rolls and soaked in PEG solutions prepared with osmotic potentials 0.0 (control), -0.2, -0.4, and -0.8 MPa and kept into a seed germinator, at 25 °C for 18 days. A completely randomized design in a 2 × 4 factorial scheme with four replications of 50 seeds each was used. The results showed that by increasing of the osmotic potential level, germinated seed number, germination rate index, root and shoot length, shoot and root dry matter, and seedling vigor index (SVI) decreased, while mean germination time (MGT) and root: shoot ratio (RSR) increased in both crops. Additionally, the maize was more susceptible than sorghum to drought stress, with germination response declining more rapidly with decreasing osmotic potential. Sorghum crop tolerates water stress of up to -0.2 MPa, without reducing germination of the seeds; however, the growth of shoots and roots are inhibited. Drought stress limits the process of seed germination and early growth of maize seedlings.

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