scholarly journals Effects of carbon nanotubes and derivatives of graphene oxide on soil bacterial diversity

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christian Forstner ◽  
Thomas G. Orton ◽  
Peng Wang ◽  
Peter M. Kopittke ◽  
Paul G. Dennis
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Nanotubes ◽  
Graphene Oxide ◽  
Bacterial Diversity ◽  
Community Composition ◽  
Bacterial Community Composition ◽  
Alpha Diversity ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Soil Bacterial Diversity ◽  
Functionalized Graphene Oxide ◽  
Soil Bacterial

AbstractCarbon nanotubes (CNTs), reduced graphene oxide (rGO) and ammonia-functionalized graphene oxide (aGO), are nanomaterials that possess varied and useful properties. However, following their use, their release into the environment is inevitable. While CNTs have been shown to influence soil bacterial diversity, albeit at very high concentration, the effects of rGO have only been examined using pure bacterial cultures, and those of aGO are unknown. Here, we investigated the effects of CNTs, rGO and aGO, at three time points (7, 14 and 30 days), and over a range of concentrations (1 ng, 1 µg and 1 mg kg dry soil-1), on soil bacterial diversity using 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing. Graphite was included to facilitate comparisons with a similar and naturally occurring carbon material, while the inclusion of GO allowed the effects of GO modification to be isolated. Bacterial community composition, but not alpha diversity, was altered by all treatments except the low GO, low rGO and high aGO treatments on day 14 only. In all cases, the nanomaterials led to shifts in community composition that were of similar magnitude to those induced by graphite and GO, albeit with differences in the taxa affected. Our study highlights that nanocarbon materials can induce changes in soil bacterial diversity, even at doses that are environmentally realistic.

scholarly journals Effects of carbon nanotubes and derivatives of graphene oxide on soil bacterial diversity

2019 ◽  
Vol 682 ◽  
pp. 356-363 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christian Forstner ◽  
Thomas G. Orton ◽  
Peng Wang ◽  
Peter M. Kopittke ◽  
Paul G. Dennis
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Nanotubes ◽  
Graphene Oxide ◽  
Bacterial Diversity ◽  
Soil Bacterial Diversity ◽  
Soil Bacterial ◽  
Derivatives Of

scholarly journals The soil microbiomics of intact, degraded and partially-restored semi-arid succulent thicket (Albany Subtropical Thicket)

PeerJ ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
pp. e12176
Author(s):  
Micaela Schagen ◽  
Jason Bosch ◽  
Jenny Johnson ◽  
Robbert Duker ◽  
Pedro Lebre ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Community ◽  
Bacterial Diversity ◽  
Community Composition ◽  
Bacterial Community Composition ◽  
Microbial Community Composition ◽  
Complete Removal ◽  
Sequence Variant ◽  
Soil Bacterial Diversity ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Soil Bacterial

This study examines the soil bacterial diversity in the Portulacaria afra-dominated succulent thicket vegetation of the Albany Subtropical Thicket biome; this biome is endemic to South Africa. The aim of the study was to compare the soil microbiomes between intact and degraded zones in the succulent thicket and identify environmental factors which could explain the community compositions. Bacterial diversity, using 16S amplicon sequencing, and soil physicochemistry were compared across three zones: intact (undisturbed and vegetated), degraded (near complete removal of vegetation due to browsing) and restored (a previously degraded area which was replanted approximately 11 years before sampling). Amplicon Sequence Variant (ASV) richness was similar across the three zones, however, the bacterial community composition and soil physicochemistry differed across the intact and degraded zones. We identified, via correlation, the potential drivers of microbial community composition as soil density, pH and the ratio of Ca to Mg. The restored zone was intermediate between the intact and degraded zones. The differences in the microbial communities appeared to be driven by the presence of plants, with plant-associated taxa more common in the intact zone. The dominant taxa in the degraded zone were cosmopolitan organisms, that have been reported globally in a wide variety of habitats. This study provides baseline information on the changes of the soil bacterial community of a spatially restricted and threatened biome. It also provides a starting point for further studies on community composition and function concerning the restoration of degraded succulent thicket ecosystems.

scholarly journals Perennials but not slope aspect affect the diversity of soil bacterial communities in the northern Negev Desert, Israel

Soil Research ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 56 (2) ◽  
pp. 123 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahuva Vonshak ◽  
Menachem Y. Sklarz ◽  
Ann M. Hirsch ◽  
Osnat Gillor
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Community ◽  
Bacterial Diversity ◽  
Community Composition ◽  
Bacterial Communities ◽  
Bacterial Community Composition ◽  
Plant Litter ◽  
Negev Desert ◽  
Slope Aspect ◽  
Desert Shrubs ◽  
Soil Bacterial

Underneath the canopy of perennials in arid regions, moderate soil temperature and evaporation, as well as plant litter create islands of higher fertility in the low-productivity landscape, known as ‘resource islands’. The sparse distribution of these resource islands is mirrored by soil microbial communities, which mediate a large number of biogeochemical transformations underneath the plants. We explored the link between the bacterial community composition and two prevalent desert shrubs, Zygophyllum dumosum and Artemisia herba-alba, on northern- and southern-facing slopes in the northern highlands of the Negev Desert (Israel), at the end of a drought winter mild rainy season. We sequenced the bacterial community and analysed the physicochemical properties of the soil under the shrub canopies and from barren soil in replicate slopes. The soil bacterial diversity was independent of slope aspect, but differed according to shrub presence or type. Links between soil bacterial community composition and their associated desert shrubs were found, enabling us to link bacterial diversity with shrub type or barren soils. Our results suggest that plants and their associated bacterial communities are connected to survival and persistence under the harsh desert conditions.

scholarly journals Pavement Overrides the Effects of Tree Species on Soil Bacterial Communities

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 2168
Author(s):  
Yinhong Hu ◽  
Weiwei Yu ◽  
Bowen Cui ◽  
Yuanyuan Chen ◽  
Hua Zheng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Community ◽  
Bacterial Diversity ◽  
Community Composition ◽  
Tree Species ◽  
Bacterial Communities ◽  
Bacterial Community Composition ◽  
Soil Bacterial Community ◽  
Soil Bacterial Communities ◽  
Pine Stands ◽  
Soil Bacterial

Human disturbance and vegetation are known to affect soil microorganisms. However, the interacting effects of pavement and plant species on soil bacterial communities have received far less attention. In this study, we collected soil samples from pine (Pinus tabuliformis Carr.), ash (Fraxinus chinensis), and maple (Acer truncatum Bunge) stands that grew in impervious, pervious, and no pavement blocks to investigate the way pavement, tree species, and their interaction influence soil bacterial communities by modifying soil physicochemical properties. Soil bacterial community composition and diversity were evaluated by bacterial 16S amplicon sequencing. The results demonstrated that soil bacterial community composition and diversity did differ significantly across pavements, but not with tree species. The difference in soil bacterial community composition across pavements was greater in pine stands than ash and maple stands. Soil bacterial diversity and richness indices decreased beneath impervious pavement in pine stands, and only bacterial richness indices decreased markedly in ash stands, but neither showed a significant difference across pavements in maple stands. In addition, bacterial diversity did not differ dramatically between pervious pavement and no pavement soil. Taken together, these results suggest that pavement overwhelmed the effects of tree species on soil bacterial communities, and had a greater effect on soil bacterial communities in pine stands, followed by ash and maple stands. This study highlights the importance of anthropogenic disturbance, such as pavement, which affects soil microbial communities.

scholarly journals How Do Soil Bacterial Diversity and Community Composition Respond under Recommended and Conventional Nitrogen Fertilization Regimes?

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (8) ◽  
pp. 1193
Author(s):  
Sami Ullah ◽  
Ping He ◽  
Chao Ai ◽  
Shicheng Zhao ◽  
Wencheng Ding ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Community Structure ◽  
Bacterial Diversity ◽  
Community Composition ◽  
Crop Yield ◽  
Black Soil ◽  
N Fertilization ◽  
Partial Least Square ◽  
Least Square ◽  
Soil Bacterial Diversity ◽  
Soil Bacterial

Shifts in soil bacterial diversity and community composition are suggested to be induced by elevated input of nitrogen (N) fertilization with implications for soil quality, and consequently production. In this study, we evaluated the impacts of recommended fertilization (RF) and conventional fertilization (CF) on soil chemical properties, crop yield, bacterial diversity, and community composition from two long-term experiments conducted in fluvo-aquic soil and black soil of China. Each site comprised of four treatments, i.e., RF N−, RF N+, CF N−, CF N+. No N fertilization was indicated by N− and N fertilization was indicated by N+. Across both sites, N fertilization significantly increased crop yield compared with no N fertilization and RF successfully enhanced crop yield over CF. Interestingly, the RF maintained bacterial diversity, while CF depressed bacterial diversity in the two soils. Microbial taxa performing important ecological roles such as order Rhodospirillales and Bacillales were significantly enhanced in the RF approach, while Rhizobiales declined under CF. Furthermore, the results of partial least square path modeling revealed that soil available phosphorus (AP) negatively affected bacterial diversity while it positively affected bacterial community structure in fluvo-aquic soils. In contrast, soil pH was positively linked with both bacterial diversity and community structure in black soil. Overall, our study demonstrated that RF is an environmentally friendly approach which not only maintained above ground plant productivity, but also preserved belowground microbial populations and important soil variables regulating bacterial communities varied in different soil types.

scholarly journals Analysis on Characteristics of Vegetation and Soil Bacterial Community under 20 Years’ Restoration of Different Tree Species: A Case Study of the Qinling Mountains

Forests ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (5) ◽  
pp. 562
Author(s):  
Wanlong Sun ◽  
Xuehua Liu ◽  
Zhaoxue Tian ◽  
Xiaoming Shao
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Community ◽  
Soil Properties ◽  
Community Composition ◽  
Tree Species ◽  
Bacterial Community Composition ◽  
Alpha Diversity ◽  
Soil Bacterial Community ◽  
Growth Speed ◽  
Qinling Mountains ◽  
Soil Bacterial

Afforestation with different tree species formed different vegetation patterns, and altered soil properties and the composition and diversity of the soil bacterial community. In order to analyze the difference characteristics of vegetation, soil and bacterial community after 20 years’ restoration of different tree species, we investigated changes in vegetation (tree, shrubs, and herbs), soil properties and the soil bacterial community composition in the topsoil (0–10 cm) following afforestation of P. asperata Mast. and L. kaempferi (Lamb.) Carr.on the southern slope of the Qinling mountains. The results showed that, within a 20-year recovery period, the restorative effect of L. kaempferi was better than that of P. asperata, for alpha diversity and biomass of vegetation, composition and diversity of soil bacterial community were all preferable under nearly same environmental conditions if just taking these indices into consideration. Additionally, biodiversity of L. kaempfer was much richer than that of P. asperata. Our observations suggest that soil physicochemical properties, soil bacterial community composition and diversity following afforestation were mainly affected by tree species. The results could explain our hypothesis to some extent that a planted forest with quick growth speed and sparse canopy has higher biomass productivity and alpha diversity of ecosystem.

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